نشریه مطالعات مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 55 (پاییز 1402)

Nowadays, environmental quality is considered as one of the important parameters in the management of sports spaces. The presence of environmental pollutants can affect the health and efficiency of athletes.The aim of the research is to measure the elements and toxic compounds in the granular flooring used in the sports facilities of Shahrood city.

This research is applied and laboratory method.Heavy elements, monomer, free hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds were measured.To measure the pollutants, ICP-OES model Vista Pro and visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometer model 1240 mini were used.The experiments were repeated three times.Time-weighted average (OEL-TWA) was used to determine the exposure limit.

Free isoprene with 3400 ppm and then dioctyl phthalate with 3280 ppm included the highest amount of compounds.The highest amount of the element belonged to the heavy metal tin with 125,000 ppm and copper with 75,280 ppm, respectively.The results showed that there is a big difference between the standard and the permissible limit of pollutants with the numbers obtained from the tests.2 pollutants arsenic and chromium with "confirmed human carcinogenicity" were identified in the structure of polyurethane flooring.Silica was also identified as "pollutants suspected of carcinogenicity in humans".Lead was also identified as a "confirmed animal carcinogen of unknown relevance to humans" and 12 were assessed as "not classifiable as a human carcinogen".

Some of the elements and compounds in the structure of sports flooring have a range higher than the standards and permissible limits of exposure, which can affect the health of users and, on the other hand, have the possibility of harming the environment.

The most important goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the role of social capital on supply chain flexibility and organizational performance. In this research, the alignment of marketing supply chain management is considered as a moderating variable and absorption capacity as a mediating variable. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method with a causal approach. The statistical sample using Cochran's formula includes 392 employees of Iran Khodro Automobile Company. The standard questionnaire of Galaxy et al. (2020) was used to collect information and its face validity and factor analysis with KMO index equal to 0.928 and its reliability equal to 0.938 were obtained, which is confirmed. Using the path analysis technique, the results show that social capital has a positive and significant effect on supply chain flexibility. Also, social capital has a significant impact directly on the absorption capacity and considering the moderating role of marketing supply chain management alignment. The absorption capacity also has a positive and significant effect on the flexibility of the supply chain. Considering the moderating role of marketing supply chain management alignment as well as the mediating role of absorptive capacity, social capital also has a positive and significant effect on flexibility. Finally, supply chain flexibility has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. Practical suggestions were also presented at the end.

Introduction and purpose of the research: 

Today, the design and construction of architecture schools in order to improve the quality of education and also increase creativity among students is of great importance. Be effective in the cognitive performance of students. For this reason, it is considered as one of the most important concerns of human beings in the last half century and has been of great interest to researchers. In this research, it was investigated and compared the cognitive performance of people in the real range in the classrooms. To investigate their performance in different temperature ranges, 220 architecture students of Ilam branch of Islamic Azad University were selected by systematic random sampling method. The state of thermal comfort and cognitive functions of people were evaluated after measuring environmental factors through questionnaires and standard cognitive function software.
 

The results of this research show that the thermal comfort of the Faculty of Architecture is not within the range of international standards, and different temperature ranges have been recorded. Also, according to the obtained statistics, students have a good sense of belonging to the faculty, and this high sense of belonging has led to improvement in students' cognitive performance.

The cognitive performance of the students in this research was statistically acceptable, and in this regard, it can be said that the difference between the field results and the predictions of reliable standards such as Ashri may be due to getting used to the environmental conditions. In which the test was held and it was also mentioned in other studies.

Introduction and purpose of the research: 

Today, in the conditions of the implementation of home quarantine caused by crises such as the outbreak of diseases, classes are held in absentia; This process has many consequences for them, and mental disorders are one of them.The present research will move forward after investigating the causes of stress caused by long-term home quarantine with the aim of explaining the behaviors, attitudes and prominent processes of associating meaning in order to reduce the stress of students in their residential environment and identifying the relationship between the prominent components of associating meaning in the residential environment of quarantined people. be

The current qualitative (exploratory) study was conducted with a descriptive phenomenology (Collaizi) approach.In this method, information is available from reliable sources and semi-structured interviews with students in Isfahan city are conducted based on purposeful sampling.In order to analyze the findings, the data have been categorized and described using the Claysey analysis method using Atlas TI software.According to the evaluation of the results using the Claizian method, by revisiting each of the participants in a dialogue-oriented process with them about the findings, the final validation of the findings has been done.

The findings show that based on the components of the association of meaning in the place and considering the effect of the sensory perception of the students in home quarantine, it is possible to improve the communication of the students with the home environment by improving the components of the sensory perception in the space;In fact, a person in home quarantine, by controlling body movements through creating a multi-layered and complex environment, will spend the long time of home quarantine better and will have less mental fatigue for him.

The student will have a better understanding of his environment by creating correlation in his senses, which improves the semantic connection between the space and the user, and as a result, individual stress is reduced.

Introduction and purpose of the research: 

Since the school environment is the environment for the acquisition of knowledge and all-round development of people, the quality of the school environment affects the positive and negative experience of the students from the school.After that, the students' perception of the school environment becomes the basis for the development of their academic self-concept and increases their trust and confidence in their abilities.Therefore, the aim of the present study is to explain the effect of improving the quality and environmental perception of the school environment on the academic self-concept of students from a phenomenological point of view.

The current research is qualitative (exploratory) with a descriptive phenomenological approach.The method of data collection was using available authentic documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with students of selected schools in Isfahan city, and the collected information was presented based on the Claysey analysis method in Atlas TI software (8).

The presence of suitable facilities in the school will increase the subjective and objective indicators of the environment, the academic attitude of the students also has a positive effect, and in fact these things have an effect on the individual as environmental stimuli in the school environment.

The results of the research indicate that by considering the indicators of the objective and subjective quality of the environment and improving the physical environment of the school based on its spatial qualities, it is effective on the individual's environmental perception, it can be related to the students' feelings towards the school environment and their judgment. It created a positive effect on itself, which will ultimately improve the academic self-concept of students.

Introduction and purpose of the research: 

open governance as one of the most efficient forms of governance, which has the ability to increase citizens' participation, strengthen transparency and reduce government corruption, and strengthen social and environmental sustainability, is most important to planning and decisions related to sustainable development. has it. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors that constitute open governance in the approach to sustainable development in the municipalities of Tehran province.

The method of this research was qualitative-quantitative, which used theme analysis and descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section was academic experts and specialists who were proficient in the subject, who reached theoretical saturation in 20 interviews with a targeted method. In the quantitative part, there were about 440 senior managers of the municipalities of Tehran province, and using the Cochran formula, the sample size was 205. Data analysis was done using coding methods, factor analysis and model testing in SPSS-24 and Smart Pls-3 software.

Three factors of open service, open data and open process were found for open governance. Also, sustainable development with economic, environmental and social dimensions was approved.

Sustainable development and environmental preservation, poverty reduction, increase in per capita income and creation of a platform to attract investment and use of open data and strengthening of social networks and creation of network relationships between all stakeholders and civil society activists should be done.

The current research was carried out with the aim of the effect of organizational anomics on organizational productivity by explaining the mediating role of organizational commitment in the municipality of Borujerd city.

The method used in this research was a descriptive-survey method and applied in terms of purpose and from the field branch. The statistical population studied was the municipal employees of Borujerd city, whose number is 1100 at the time of the research. Using Cochran's sample size formula, 285 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. In this research, the standard questionnaires of Lara and Rodriguez (2007), Hersey and Goldsmith (1980) and Mayer and Allen (1990) organizational commitment were used. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability (CR) were calculated, which indicated the satisfactory reliability of the questionnaires.

In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics including: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum score, and structural equations were used in the inferential statistics section using SPSS version 21 and PLS3 software. The results indicate that organizational anomics has an effect on organizational productivity by explaining the mediating role of organizational commitment in Borujerd city municipality.

The main goal of this research is the fuzzy analysis of urban management success factors of future city indicators. In terms of purpose, the present research is applied research and in terms of method, it is a descriptive-survey research method. Data collection tools included questionnaires and questionnaires. The statistical population of this research are experts in the field of urban management. Purposive sampling method was used to select sample people. Superdesign software was used for data analysis. In the first step, by reviewing the subject literature and research, a large number of indicators of the subject literature have been examined. Following the urban management model, the indicators of future cities were ranked using fuzzy network analysis. In the current research, the factors are placed in six levels. In such a way that laws and regulations were placed at the last level and tourism at the first level. In the continuation of the research, it is taken from the perspective of the future. Examining the results obtained from the above table, rights and laws and social learning and education were reported as the most influential factors with a score of 22. Also, tourism with a total of 17 factors was placed in the first priority of acceptability. The degree of usefulness of the matrix is 100%, which indicates the high validity of the questionnaire and its related answers. Special vector machine of the obtained software: the environment with a weight of 0.358 is the highest priority. The urban body with a normal weight of 0.267 is in the second priority. Transportation with a normal weight of 0.241 is in the third priority. Economy with a normal weight of 0.134 is one of the lowest priorities.

Considering the importance of the category of water and its consumption management in the country, the purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and motivations of using water in arid and semi-arid climates and the traditional architecture of Iranian houses.

The research method is of mixed type. In the first part, the historical interpretation method was used to identify the dimensions and motivations of using water in the traditional architecture of Iran. The city of Yazd was considered as a research pilot, and certain buildings that had traditional architectural features were selected, and the function of water was determined using the Delphi technique (expert panel). In the second part, the dimensions were categorized and prioritized through a questionnaire (spectral checklist). In order to determine the construct validity of the questionnaire, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using Lisrel software.

The results showed that a total of 17 components in the form of two main dimensions (conceptual and physical) can be considered as the main components of using water in traditional Iranian architecture. The most important components of the conceptual dimension were: color, nature, sanctity and transparency. Also, among the influencing components in the physical dimension, hierarchy, environmental hygiene, geometry and proportions were more important than other components. "Arab Kermani" building has got the highest score (61/161), which shows that the role of water in this building was more and more important than other study sites.

Today, it seems necessary to review the designs and adapt traditional architectural patterns, especially in the water application sector. For this purpose, traditional architectural patterns can be used for arid and semi-arid climates.

Takht Suleiman is one of the historical complexes of Iran, which has been one of the most important religious, political and ceremonial centers in different periods. In the Sassanid period, it was the location of the most important fire temple, that is, the fire temple of Azargashnesab.

The purpose of the research is to know the spatial organization, examine and explain the structural components and patterns examined in Takht Suleiman complex in the Sassanid period. In this article, first of all, qualitatively, it examines the structural patterns and spatial organization and the quality of the collection, and then evaluates the findings of the research, for the purpose of statistical analysis, quantitative data processing using the indicators and general characteristics of the collection. And statistical tests have been done.

This research, taking into account the rising trend of Takht Suleiman architecture and the spread of magnificent architecture, tries to understand the place and importance of the Takht complex through the interpretative-historical method and relying on library studies and field research. Suleiman, and how it affects the architectural body of Takht Suleiman in the Sassanid period and works from the Islamic period, especially from the Ilkhanid period. The technique of collecting information by means of a questionnaire depending on the answers of the researchers and analyzing the data collected with SPSS, the method of descriptive statistics of skewness and kurtosis and the histogram chart to examine the components of the spatial organization in Takht Suleiman, using statistical analysis. And the correlation and test of the received indicators are done, and finally the results have been extracted. The historical complex of Takht Suleiman, about 12.5 hectares, shows different types of architecture of the ancient period. to be And in terms of the general features of the building, geometry, hierarchy, circulation, communication, physical structure, privacy and confinement, sense of place, flexibility, geometric form of the building, introversion, open and semi-open spaces, spatial proportions, appropriate materials. And it is static.

In this research, the numerical value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, considering the 10 questions of the questionnaire, is equal to 0.840, which shows that the reliability of the questionnaire is average.

As a result, the ability of structural architecture to meet human needs in various dimensions can be one of the important indicators in the examination of the architecture and spatial organization of the complex. The aim of investigating the spatial organization is to achieve the factors that play a role in the mutual relationship between the building and the spatial structure and establish the interaction between the environment and humans through spatial patterns in the architecture of Takht Suleiman complex.