فصلنامه اقتصاد اسلامی
پیاپی 90 (تابستان 1402)

The issue of money creation is one of the most important monetary and economic issues and has a decisive effect on macroeconomic variables. Usually, the process of money creation in commercial banks is well explained in economics textbooks and is accepted as a normal matter, and after that only the issue of money supply and liquidity volume and their impact on macroeconomic variables is considered. is placed However, the economic effects of money creation are rarely investigated. Some economists have paid attention to the great influence of the banking system on the flow of money creation as well as its economic effects and have put forward various suggestions to prevent its negative effects. What has been discussed in this article is: an overview of the different viewpoints of economists about the creation of money, an overview of its economic effects, an examination of the nature of credit money and banks, and finally a jurisprudential examination of the phenomenon of money creation by banks. and the government with ijtihad and analytical method. The innovation of this article is a relatively comprehensive jurisprudential review of money creation and also presenting some suggested rules to avoid the negative effects of money creation.

Considering the importance of the two criteria of efficiency and justice in the economic behaviors considered by Islam and on the one hand the role of the functional income distribution model in reducing the income gaps of the production factors and as a result improving the conditions of income and wealth distribution at the level of society, This article seeks to find the answer to the questions that in the conditions of individual ownership of the company, what are the characteristics of the pattern of sharing of production factors considered by Islam and what role does the type of ownership play in this pattern? Using the theoretical-mathematical approach and analyzing the results based on rational and mathematical analysis, has presented a model based on the goal of single-owner Company, namely “Optimization of total material and spiritual satisfaction of the employer” And found that firstly, the type of purpose of the company due to the type of ownership can have a very important role on the way of allocating the benefits of production among the factors And secondly, in sole proprietorships, the contribution of production factors is superior to the main criteria of conventional economy in terms of quantity and efficiency and justice criteria.

Today, one of the Islamic securities available in the capital market of Iran is sukuk, which has played a significant role in transferring resources from the capital market to economic enterprises in recent years. The current research was conducted with the aim of the conceptual model of rating of Murabahah sukuk in the capital market. The most important question is that what is the causal model of the rating of Murabaha bonds in the Iranian capital market? In this research, the rating components of Islamic securities include risk analysis, analysis of the legal structure of Islamic securities, validation of issuance elements, asset analysis of the basis of issuance, cash flow analysis of the underwriter, credit enhancement tools and asset management quality, as well as rating indicators classification based on theoretical foundations and review of related articles have been identified. The information obtained from 15 experts have been analyzed in order to provide a causal model for examining the questions. The collected data have been analyzed using Super Decision and Excel software. The results of experts' opinion showed that the risk analysis index has the highest weight equal to 0/342. Also, based on the Dimtel method, the risk analysis component and the financial cash flow analysis are among the most influential components.

Compliance with Sharia and Fiqh principles at all levels of banking and financial processes is an important principle for Islamic banks around the world. In addition, customers are one of the most important factors that play a role in gaining a competitive advantage and increasing the longevity and durability of banks in the competitive market. Therefore, it is very important to identify the factors that can be effective in gaining their satisfaction and keeping them in the bank. Considering the fact that Iranian banks are Islamic, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using jurisprudence and sharia principles on customer satisfaction in Mellat Bank of Yazd province. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its method, it is descriptive-survey and correlational. The statistical population of the research includes all the customers of Mellat Bank in Yazd province, 110 people were selected as a sample through the structural equation sampling method. Finally, 98 data were collected using a standard questionnaire. Structural equation modeling method based on partial least squares method and statistical software were used for data analysis, research model evaluation, and hypothesis testing. The results show that the use of jurisprudence and Shariah principles has an impact on customer satisfaction by 41/1%.

One of the main issues in the field of Islamic economics is to identify the role and mechanism of Islamic financial instruments on macroeconomic variables and business cycles. If it is possible to determine how and the extent of this impact based on scientific studies, it is possible to influence the control and guidance of cycles of recession and prosperity through the appropriate use of Islamic financial instruments, and this issue is very important and effective for policy makers in making economic policies and decisions. will be. Based on this, in this research, using the econometric methodology based on dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, the role of Islamic financial instruments on Iran's business cycles during the period 2001-2021 has been investigated. To estimate the parameters, calibration and first-order vector autoregression model were used, and the effects of economic shocks were investigated through modeling in two cases, including Islamic financial instruments in the model and without Islamic financial instruments. The results of the research show that if Islamic financial instruments are considered, the effects of economic shocks are different from the case of not considering the aforementioned instruments in the model, which indicates the effect of the role of Islamic financial instruments on business cycles in Iran's economy. Also, an important achievement of this research can be considered moving towards an economic system in accordance with Islamic economic principles.

"Supply chain financing" includes the application of methods to reduce risk and optimal management of working capital during transactions in the supply chain. After the approval of GAM SUKUK Guidelines, it was concluded that other instruments can be created by using existing legal institutions to finance plans and projects with money circulation and without providing inflationary facilities and loans. One of the most important of these instruments was the productive credit certificate (GAM). The main question of this research is about the nature and relationships of the main elements of GAM SUKUK. GAM is a new financing instrument and its purpose is to finance the production sector. The structural nature of GAM is considered as one of the types of Islamic securities or SUKUK, which is legally a part of commercial documents, and the legal relationships of its elements are very close to Bill of Exchange, and the principles governing commercial documents are governed on it in the two stages of the money market and capital market. The legal nature of GAM is based on the civil law guarantee contract, and it follows the effects and rulings of this contract in relation to the elements of GAM instrument. This article tries to investigate the legal instrument based on descriptive-analytical research, determine its legal nature and analyze the relationships between its elements.