نشریه پژوهش در روان درمانی کودک و نوجوان
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، تابستان 1402)

The purpose of this study was developing the causal model of academic burnout decrease of students in electronic learning courses during the Covid 19 based on quality of educational Services by research spirit mediation. Methodology of the research was quantitative, in terms descriptive-Correlation. The statistical population of this research was all the students of the second secondary education in Karaj city in the academic year 2020-2021. The sampling method was available method. The sample size according to the Kregci-Morgan model and with error α = 0/05, was considered 120 persons. To collect data, Quality of Educational Services Questionnaire of Parasouraman and et al (1985) (with reliability α = 0/97), Research Capabilities Questionnaire of Aryani and et al (1395) (with reliability α = 0/93) and Academic Burnout Decrease of Maslach (2002) (with reliability α = 0/74) was used. Validity of the tools was confirmed by the professors of education and psychology. Data were analyzed using two software’s Spss and lisrel and analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results showed that the proposed model had suitable fit (x2/df=1/49, GFI=0/94, AGFI=0/93, CFI=0/93, NFI=0/94, RMSEA=0/066) and the component of quality of educational services (-0/38) has a direct and indirect effect through the component of research spirit (-0/62) on academic burnout decrease (P<0/05). Improving the quality of educational services can be an effective step in helping the secondary level to adapt as much as possible to the expectations of students, planning to improve their research spirit, and preventing and reducing the academic exhaustion of students in learning courses.

The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of parenting based on mindfulness with parenting based on choice theory on psychological distress in mothers with children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).
The research method was semi-experimental with a multi group pre-test-post-test design with a control group and 2-month follow-up course. The statistical population comprised of all mothers with 7-12-year-old children suffering from ODD in Tehran in 2022-2023. In the first stage, 45 mothers were selected using the available sampling method and then they were assigned in 2 experimental groups (15 people each) and a control group (15 people) in a simple random sampling. Then, the first experimental group underwent 8 90-minute parenting sessions based on mindfulness and the second experimental group underwent 12 90-minute parenting sessions based on choice theory; but the control group did not receive any intervention and remained on the waiting list. The rating scale of ODD by Hommersen et al. and the psychological distress scale by Kessler and Kessler et al. were used to collect information. The analysis of the information was done through SPSS version 24 software. The collected data were subjected to repeated measures variance analysis for statistical evaluation.
 At the conclusion of the study, both interventions had a significant effect on psychological distress in mothers in the post-test and follow-up phase compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results of Ben Feronia’s post hoc test showed that parenting based on mindfulness was more effective on mothers' psychological distress (P<0.05).
Based on the results of the present research, it can be said that parenting based on mindfulness has been more effective in reducing the psychological distress of mothers with children with ODD compared to the parenting of choice theory. It should be used as a suitable parenting method in counseling centers and psychological services, and this issue requires more research.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of school-based self-control skill training on increasing the responsibility and social vitality of male students of the first secondary level.

This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included male high school students in Qom province, 50 students were selected using available sampling method and were divided into two groups of 25 students completely randomly. Students in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of the school-based self-control training program, and the control group did not receive training. Before and after the implementation of the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the scale of California responsibility and social vitality of Zare and Aminpour (2011).

The results of covariance analysis showed that school-based self-control skill training has a significant effect on increasing students' responsibility and social vitality (P<0.01).

 The findings of the present study indicated that self-control skill training can be an effective intervention in increasing responsibility and social vitality in students.

Today, speech and communication skills are more important than in the past. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare voice and personality characteristics in teenagers with speech sound disorders and social (practical) communication.

The present study was descriptive and causal-comparative in terms of its fundamental purpose and data collection method. The statistical population of the present study included all teenagers with speech sound disorder and (practical) social communication disorder who referred to the speech therapy clinics of Qazvin city in 1401. From this statistical population, 30 people (15 subjects for each group) of adolescent boys with speech sound disorders and (practical) social communication were selected by purposive sampling. To collect data from the questionnaire of five major factors of children's personality, social communication disorder scale, and to evaluate the voice, acoustic analysis method and Pratt software were used. The data obtained from the evaluations were analyzed by multiway analysis of variance.

The results showed that there is a difference between voice characteristics and personality characteristics in the two groups and the indices of these components are higher in the speech sound group than in the social communication group (P<0.001).

Therefore, the differences could be due to the belief of these people about speaking out loud, fear of facing or being ridiculed by others and searching for different ways to solve problems. And the presence of defects in these abilities is harmful and needs to be taken into consideration.

 The purpose of this study was to predicting depression based on co-rumination with mediated role social-emotional competence in adolescents.

This study was conducted in the presence of 400 adolescents by available sampling method among female adolescents in Tehran city in year 1400-1401. To measure the variables, depression inventory-II  (BDI-II) of Beck  (1996), co-rumination questionnaire  (CO-RQ) of Davidson and et al  (2014) and social- emotional competence questionnaire  (SECQ) of Zhou and Ee  (2012) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated.

The results Pearson correlation showed that there is significant relationship between co-rumination and social-emotional competence with depression in female adolescents (P <0.01). The results structural equation modelling also showed that most of the direct paths of this study were significant and the indirect paths of co-rumination were significant through the mediating role of social-emotional competence on depression in female adolescents. Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA=0/067, P-value<0/05).

Thus, this finding can be used to design an intervention and a comprehensive approach to reduction of depression symptoms in adolescent community, so that considering the significant role of co-rumination and social-emotional competence it is suggested to teach social-emotional competence techniques and treatments based on reducing co-rumination to adolescents, to reduce the incidence of depression among them.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the emotional atmosphere of the family and intolerance of uncertainty with corona anxiety in male students of the first year of high school. The descriptive research method is correlation type.

The statistical population of this research was made up of all the male students of the first year of secondary school in Ashkhane city in the academic year of 2021 - 2022, which according to the received statistics, the size of the population is estimated to be 950 people. The sample of this research was 274 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and based on the sample selection table of Karjesi and Morgan (1970). The research data collection tool included Hill Burn Family Emotional Atmosphere Questionnaire, Fritson et al.'s Intolerance Questionnaire and Alipour et al.'s Corona Anxiety Scale. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics methods such as mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression have been used.

The research findings showed that there is a significant negative relationship between the emotional atmosphere of the family and corona anxiety (r=-621 and P<0.001) and there is a significant positive relationship between uncertainty intolerance and corona anxiety (r=678 and P=0.001). . Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that the emotional atmosphere of the family can predict the anxiety of Corona in a negative and significant way and the intolerance of uncertainty can predict in a positive way. Discussion and

According to the obtained results, measures can be taken to increase the emotional atmosphere of the family and reduce uncertainty by observing the health conditions in order to reduce the anxiety of Corona.