نشریه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی
پیاپی 85 (پاییز 1402)

Covid 19, also known as coronavirus, is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Anyone can get Covid 19 at any age and become seriously ill or even die. In the meantime, vaccines have saved millions of lives. Covid vaccines are effective for most people 18 years of age and older with autoimmune disorders or underlying diseases. The recommender systems are an intelligent complement to the retrieval of information and refining concepts by analyzing user behaviors and one of the main tools in overcoming the problem of information redundancy. Therefore, in the process of vaccination centers recommending, uncertainty in preferences can be modeled and personalized recommendations can be performed. Therefore, by using the information of users' preferences and properties of vaccination centers based on knowledge-based recommender systems, appropriate arguments can be made about which centers are suitable for users.

The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between land cover changes and changes in aerosol optical depth index in the Middle Zagros. In this regard, two categories of MODIS sensor remote sensing products were used. First, land cover changes in the study area were performed using MODIS sensor land use classification derivative product. In the second part of the research, the trends of dust events were investigated based on the station data of the dust codes of 4 stations of Khorramabad, Shahrekord, Yasuj and Abadeh. In addition, the trend of Aerosol Optical Depth Index (AOD) was examined using MOD04-L2 Madis sensor product for the statistical period 2000 to 2020. The results showed that there were 6 layers of rangeland, forest, agricultural, urban, residential, barren and water areas in the Central Zagros, in which the forest floor has decreased by about 123 square kilometers per year. Rangeland cover, which is the main cover of the study area, has remained relatively stable, and agricultural land uses have increased significantly, from 7% in 2000 to 9.5% in 2020. Urban and residential lands had also increased. On the other hand, a review of the 21-year time series trend of the AOD index indicates an upward trend over the last 21 years. Among the land use classes, the two categories of pastures and forests, which in fact occupy more than 90% of the study area, have shown an inverse relationship with the AOD index. But the class of agricultural lands was directly related to the AOD index. Therefore, the decreasing trend of forest floor in the region has been significantly associated with the increasing trend of AOD in the region and on the other hand, the increasing trend of agricultural land has been associated with the increase of AOD in the region.

Since the beginning of human being creation and beginning to live in this world, man has faced the threat of terrorism and has always tried to balance security threats and human needs. In this context, passive defense is one of the most effective and lasting means of defending against threats from a long history of human. One of the solutions has proposed to reduce injuries in the threat situations is the use of open spaces . Therefore, the purpose of the research is to evaluate urban open spaces and its role in reducing vulnerability during crisis with the passive defense approach in Tabriz . The present research is descriptive-analytical and with applied approach. Sampling were selected from 100 residents of Tabriz decuple regions from questioning surveys. The data were analyzed using ARC GIS software and multi-criteria decision making methods, MCDM and fuzzy analysis. The results showed that among the weight of sub-criteria, outdoor space has the highest weight with 0.621 value and the lowest weight was assigned to the sub-criterion of relative self-sufficiency 0.023 and according to the final map of fuzzy overly map, the area of open space in reducing the vulnerability of 10 regions was 4253469 m2 with the lowest area 5.55 percent and highest area 19.39% Equal to 14849144 m2 and has the most favorable open spaces in decreasing vulnerability, and in the among of 10 regions of Tabriz, region of 5,6,7, and 9 have an important role in decreasing of vulnerability and region of 1,2,4, 8,9 and 10 have the less effect in decreasing vulnerability.

The aim of this research is to explain the indicators of urban morphology based on sustainable development and evaluate the level of sustainability of neighborhoods based on these indicators. The present research is of a research-applied type. The indicators used in the research are building age, building materials, building quality, fractal index, texture status index, sky view factor (SVF), proximity to the main street, proximity to public transportation, proximity to shopping centers, proximity to Education centers, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Land Use Mixing. The results determined that Gol Park, Valiasr 1, Valiasr 3, Baghmishe Ghadim 3 are the neighborhoods with sustainable morphology. Also, Golkar, Valiasr 2, Kalantar Koocheh, Sangi Pol 1 and 2, Baghmishe Ghadim 1 and 2, Bilanko 1 and 2 are the neighborhoods with semi-sustainable morphology. In addition, the neighborhoods of Shahid Beheshti, Mullah Zeinal 1 and 2, Idealo 1 and 2, Yousefabad 1 to 3, Ghoshtkhaneh seylab 1 to 3, Valiasr 4, Abbasi 1 and 2 are the neighborhoods with unsustainable morphology. The results showed that neighborhoods with high social and economic status are generally sustainable neighborhoods and neighborhoods with low social and economic status and informal settlements including Shahid Beheshti alley, Mullah Zinal 1 and 2, Ideolo 1 and 2, Yousefabad 1 to 3, Ghoshtkhaneh seylab is 1 to 3, they are unsustainable. The total number of people living in neighborhoods with sustainable, semi-sustainable, and unsustainable morphology is 46.544, 79.603, and 89.851, respectively. Based on the results, texture status index, NDVI, and proximity to public transportation with weights of 0.18335, 0.12975, and 0.11036, respectively, are three essential indicators in explaining urban morphology.

Sustainable development on a neighborhood scale means improving the quality of life in it and including all environmental, physical, cultural, social and economic features and components without creating obstacles for the next generation. In this regard, urban land use as the core of the planning system has an important role in providing welfare services, access and meeting the needs and diverse needs of citizens at the neighborhood level, while land use is evenly distributed in urban areas. Do not cause the emergence of gaps and heterogeneity of stability in urban neighborhoods and naturally increase the dissatisfaction of a wide range of urban residents with the living environment and reduce their quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of urban land use on the sustainability of urban neighborhoods in Zabol.For this purpose, the research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection was documented and analyzed by spatial analysis. The results show that there are inequalities between neighborhoods in terms of access to service use and the concentration and density of service uses is in areas 2 and 3. This has increased spatial and welfare inequalities between neighborhoods and this has reduced the quality of life in some neighborhoods. have given.

The waste management without considering the role of people who are the main waste manufacturers, will be impossible. In our country, in discussion of waste management and collection, repulsion and recycling in terms of type and quality of wastes, is diffrent from other countries of the world and has different nature and taking action from any method and technology without examining and recognizing materials and compatibility of local factors, especially the issue of citizens' participation, will not be feasible.The present research with an explanatory approach has been addressed to the issue that the capacity of citizens participation in each dimensions of managerial decision making is to be explored. The results of 24 items in the form of 385 questionnaires in 10 municipalities showed that the score obtained in the Likret scale equals 3.08 . The highest extractive averages is related to areas 1, 2, 9 and 5 are 3.15, 3.13, 3.12 and 3.11, and the lowest average is associated to area 4 equals 3.03. Despite the fact that these areas are at the average of the Likert spectrum, there is a possibility of instability in this section due to the low levels of Urban mismanagement in this section.The study 44 Index of Waste sphere and Urban Management with opinion apply of 50 Related Experts to determine the importance of factors using interaction analysis method / structural in Mic MacFase software demonstrated that the most influenced direct factors of the system are: Creating social capacity, Active participation of beneficiaries people, Social trust, Social capital, Institutions and civil, society,organizations (CSO), Interaction and balance between participater and participating,Education of citizenship rights and NGO assignments. The effects obtained showed the role of social factors, cultural infrastructure and the role of beneficiaries.

Reading of any building and city construction requires the idea of environmental holism and therefore requires aesthetic perception. The urban landscape is in the heart of this idea. The one that is linked to quality of life in connection with the objectivism of the image and landscape of the city. In this article public interest is not considered in the conventional sense of city services and its equal distribution but also due to visualization of urban representation structures, city landscape and the quality of space in this structures are public interests and goods. Equal distribution of this public goods in improving quality of life can be examined both tangible and statistically. The research method is descriptive and analytical and a total of 120 people who is living in the district 2 of Shiraz municipality have been interrogated. The result of research indicate that desired quality and the reading of image and landscape of city have direct and significant effect on place belongness, investment flow, growth and quality of life.

With the expansion of urbanization on the one hand and the increase in population on the other, children are being ignored in modern urban developments and the need to pay more attention to them in cities is felt. To this end, urban spaces that can meet tangible needs such as access to utilities, housing, transportation and etc and intangible needs such as a sense of belonging, security and etc are essential for children This is called urban livability. Increasing the livability of cities is directly related to increasing the attractiveness of urban environments for citizens and can itself provide the basis for sustainable urban development. It is important to pay attention to children because they are future citizens of society and they create the link between the past and the future generations. The present study, by using futures study knowledge, identified key forces in the future of children's livability. In the first phase, using the Delphi method, we first identified some of the variables affecting the future status of urban living for children, Then we extracted 47 variables that were approved by experts and received the highest score. We divided these 47 variables into four environmental, physical, social, and economic groups. Then, using structural analysis method and creating a 47 * 47 matrix, these variables were compared using MICMAC software. Finally, 7 key forces were extracted that play the most important role in the future status of children's urban livability.

Salt domes are one of the unique geomorphological phenomena that are important in terms of economic development, environment and tourism.. It plays a significant role in earthquakes and land subsidence as an effective aggravating factor in tectonic activity. In this study, after identification and morphometry of salt domes in the southeast Fars region using eight tectonic indices, i.e., the activity status of the domes was evaluated. Then using differential radar interferometry, the amount of vertical displacement of the area was calculated. Finally, Geographically Weighted Regression was employed to determine the relationship between subsidence and collapse at salt domes. The results indicate that in addition to the movement of salt domes, tectonic subsidence factors have also been effective in the rate of vertical displacement in the region. The calculation of indices indicates that some salt domes are active, and the results of differential radar interferometry also indicate the region’s vertical displacement and tectonic activity. However, some salt domes, including salt dome S2 in the western part of Fasa township, with a high score in calculating the indices, were also in the range of uplift due to interferometry. Although other salt domes had a degree of uplift due to their unique characteristics, groundwater loss had caused the highest subsidence rate in salt domes S10, S4, S5, and S6. Therefore, besides the unique characteristics of salt domes, other factors such as subsidence due to groundwater overdraft which are about 70 meters, Comparing the two models, it shows that the GWR model with a coefficient of R2 of about 80% -99% and the lowest error of / 001. And OLS model with R2 coefficient shows about 0.23 and an error 0.07 and GWR model with higher accuracy confirmed the agreement between the two parameters

Rural development is not separate from urban issues because many rural and agricultural services are located in urban centers. The purpose of this article is to review and present strategies for the development of the Songhor as a city supporting agricultural service. This research is placed in the group of qualitative and quantitative research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of framework. Data collection tools include document analysis, observation and questionnaire. The research is descriptive-survey from the point of view of the nature and method of data collection and is applied from the point of view of the goal. Sampling was done in a non-probability and intentional way, which is compatible with the purpose of the study. The validity of the content of the questionnaire was examined and confirmed by obtaining the opinions of specialists and experts; The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha) was obtained and confirmed as 0.983 using SPSS software. After determining the members of the list consisting of 26 experts, 3 Delphi steps were carried out. The method of data analysis in this research is the use of strategic factors analysis matrix. In this way, at the beginning, strategic factors were determined in the form of SWOT matrix, and finally, with the formation of QSPM matrix, the strategies of "Using branding capacity for economic development" with a total attractiveness score of 6.71, "Development of suburban communication network to get out of geographical isolation" and "Completing the production chain in the agriculture and animal husbandry sector" with a total attractiveness score of 6.39 and "Increasing incentives and creating attractions and investment platforms to attract investors and creating jobs in the private sector" with a total attractiveness score of 6.33 are introduced as the most important development strategies of the city of Songhor became

the statistics of the ECMWF database were used for the observation data of the two stations of Semiram and Urmia during a 21-year period (1996-20016).In order to investigate the effects of climate fluctuations, the daily data of dynamic micro-rotation of the CORDEX project was used for the output of the ICHEC-EC-EARTH model under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 radiative forcing (RCP) scenarios for the period (2017-2037). By using the data of the stations and the outputs of the micro scale model, and by using the perceptron neural network and linear regression, the performance was simulated. Then, to evaluate the efficiency of the models, R, R2, MSE, RMSE, and NRMSE statistics were used, and the non-parametric Menkendall test and age slope were used for the performance trend. The result of comparing the output of artificial neural networks with the linear regression model shows that the error rate of the neural network is less and the simulated results are close to the real observations to a very acceptable extent. The phenological stages, including bud blooming to fruit ripening in the stations under both scenarios, and in all the phenological stages in the future period will be completed earlier than the base period, and the length of the growth period will also decrease. The amount of future yield in Urmia station under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios respectively yield 3.7 and 2.2 tons per hectare and in Semiram station yield 1.4 and 3 respectively tons per hectare will decrease. The results show that in the future in the study areas, with the change in the time of occurrence of the length of the growth period, all the phenological stages as well as the declining performance of apple trees will be subject to climatic fluctuations

Climate diversity and land use / land cover change have a significant impact on hydrological regimes, especially in arid and semi-arid regions with critical water shortage problems. Therefore, estimating and evaluating climate change and land use and its consequences in each catchment is essential. This study examined the climate change of Kiwi Tea Basin using the data of four models of the Fifth Climate Change Assessment Report (CMIP5) under both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5) using the LARS-WG6 microcirculation model. Changes in precipitation and temperature during three different periods (2040-2021, 2060-2041 and 2080-2061) compared to the base period (2019-1987) have been studied and for calibration and validation of LARS-WG6 model, observational data and output data of models with The use of F and T tests as well as RMSE, MSE, MAE and R2 indices were compared and evaluated. Based on the results of most of the models and the average of the studied models, in general, it is expected that the amount of precipitation and the minimum and maximum temperature in all the studied models will increase compared to the base period. Also, the results of evaluating land use changes with object-oriented classification showed that rangeland use with an area of 1224.18 and 1046.59 square kilometers, respectively, covered the largest area in both periods, while in 1987, residential use with an area of 3.66 square kilometers and in In 2019, water use with an area of 3.77 square kilometers had the lowest area. Also, the most modified use of rangeland use was dryland agriculture (181 square kilometers), which indicates thedestruction of rangelands