فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 128 (آبان 1402)

The experience of cardiovascular diseases affects various physical, psychological, social and existential aspects of the patient. But, after studying the research background, it was found that Each of the conducted studies have studied only one of these dimensions. Therefore, the absence of a research that examines all the mentioned components in relation to each other is a sign of the existence of a scientific gap in this field.

The present research was conducted with the aim of studying the "disease experience" in people suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

In this qualitative research, interpretive phenomenological method was used. Sampling was done using the purposeful sampling method and in order to collect data, a semi-structured interview based on the axes proposed by Spradley (2016) was conducted individually with 16 cardiovascular patients. The data were analyzed based on the 6-step strategy of Smith, Larkin and Flowers (2021) and using MAXQDA-2020 software.

From the analysis of the findings, the central category of "Disease-caused Transformations" was identified, which includes five main categories of phenomenal body, agency barrier, communication interference, difficult emotional experiences, and existential challenges.

According to the obtained results, it can be said that cardiovascular diseases cause profound changes in various aspects of the patients' personal and social life. Using the categories identified in the current research can be a guide for specialists to evaluate that In which of the categories of "pathological changes" does the cardiovascular patient have more serious problems and as a result, it can help specialists in designing and implementing interventions according to the same category.

The study of intelligence, its theoretical basics, and new theories of it refer to enriching the environment in different ways and its effect on increasing intelligence. in the meantime, the lack of research regarding the education of parents through the native package and its effect on children's intelligence was felt.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the parenting behavior model educational package based on the lived experiences of parents with gifted children on the verbal profile of preschool children with moderate intelligence.

This applied research was semi-experimental and was done with the help of a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The population of this research was parents and their children of preschool age in Arak from October 2020 to October 2021. Due to the spread of Corona virus, the research was conducted in a preschool center and parents and their children were divided into two groups of 10 people, experimental and control, with a random sampling method. for gathering the data, the Tehran-Stanford-Binet intelligence scale(Roid, 2000) was used, and then the parents of the experimental group received 13 one-hour online educational sessions. Then the post-test was performed on the preschoolers. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 26 with the help of the univariate covariance analysis model.

The results of data analysis showed that the scores of the experimental group in two intelligences, knowledge and quantitative reasoning, has been significant increase (p<0/05) and it did not have a significant effect on the intelligence of fluid reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and verbal working memory.

Based on the findings of this research, the parental behavior model educational package has increased the scores of knowledge and quantitative reasoning intelligences and it can be used for parenting training.

The ability to create and maintain safe and stable intimate relationships at the beginning of cohabitation helps couples to experience a secure attachment style in emotional communication. Insecure attachment style is one of the most important causes of interpersonal problems in the relationships of young couples. Studies have shown that immunization of couples is effective in improving attachment behaviors and increasing their sexual satisfaction. Research by the researchers showed that so far no intervention based on mentallization and educational package of building a lasting connection on attachment behaviors and sexual satisfaction of insecure spouses in the early years of married life.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating The effect of the integrated intervention of mentallization and educational package of building a lasting connection on attachment behaviors and sexual satisfaction among insecure spouses.

The design of the current research was a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to counseling and psychological service centers in the north of Tehran in 2022, who were living together in the first five years of their life. Using the purposeful sampling method, 24 couples with insecure attachment style were identified as the statistical sample of the present study and were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (12 couples in each group). The combined intervention of mentallization and educational package of building a lasting connection was implemented for 12 weeks of weekly training of 120 minutes for the experimental group, but the couples of the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect data, questionnaires of Relationship Scales (Bartholomew and Horotiz, 1991), sexual Satisfaction (Larson et al., 1998) and Brief Accessibility, Responsiveness and Engagement Scale (Sandberg et al., 2012) were used. The data were analyzed using the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Benferoni's post hoc test and SPSS25 software.

The findings of this research showed that the integrated intervention of mentalization and the educational package of building a stable bond has a positive and significant effect on the attachment behaviors and sexual satisfaction of couples (p<0.01) and the results have continued after two months of follow-up.

According to the obtained results, it seems that couple therapists can use the integrated intervention of mentallization and educational package of building a lasting connection to increase sexual satisfaction and optimize attachment behaviors in couples with insecure attachment style who are in the early years of life together.

Breast cancer is the most common disease and the second cause of death in women, which has many physical and psychological complications, and anxiety is one of them. Today, with the advancement of psychology, there are various ways to reduce stress and anxiety, especially for diseases such as cancer. Among these methods is treatment based on acceptance and commitment.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on disease perception, self-care behaviors and treatment adherence in female patients with breast cancer.

The current research design is a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population of the research includes all female patients with breast cancer aged 25 to 45 who were referred to the oncology department of Imam Hossein Hospital in the second half of 2018, 40 of whom were selected through purposive sampling along with screening and based on Cohen's table, using The effect size and power of the test was selected as sample people, these people were replaced in two experimental and control groups using a random method. The experimental group underwent Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). In order to collect research data, a long-form disease perception questionnaire, a Madanlo treatment adherence questionnaire, and a self-care ability questionnaire were used.

The results of analysis of variance with repeated measurements showed that acceptance and commitment-based treatment (ACT) was effective on the perception, adherence to treatment, and self-care ability of female breast cancer patients, and this effect was stable in the follow-up phase.

According to the findings of this research, it can be said that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) as an effective intervention can be effective on the perception, adherence to treatment, and self-care ability of female patients with breast cancer. Therefore, the use of psychological services in parallel with the process of treating people with breast cancer is necessary for faster treatment.

Previous researches have investigated the effects of cognitive rehabilitation and neurological treatments on a wide range of disorders, including learning disorders. The review of the studies shows that few studies have done a comparative study of cognitive rehabilitation and neurological treatments on learning disorders in order to choose the best treatment method.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of electrical brain stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation on hand-eye coordination of children with specific learning disorders (dyslexia) aged 7 to 13 years.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with specific learning disorders in districts 7 and 10 of Tehran in 2020. The research samples consisted of 3 subjects, including 2 test groups of 15 people and a control group of 15 people. The data collection tool included hand-eye coordination evaluation test (Fernandes et al, 2013), tdcs device and cognitive rehabilitation program (Maggio, 2019). The instructions for cognitive rehabilitation training consisted of 21 one-hour sessions. Data analysis was performed using multivariate covariance analysis and spss24.

The findings of the research showed that the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on hand-eye coordination of dyslexic students was more than the effectiveness of electrical stimulation of the brain from the skull.

The results of this study can help therapists of learning disorders in choosing better treatment options. Also, the results of this study can provide more effective applications of cognitive therapies to professionals

little research has compared the efficacy of Myers/Briggs typology training and schema-based training on psychological well-being. This gap in the literature is particularly relevant to the context of Yazd students, who may face unique cultural and educational challenges that impact their psychological well-being.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of Myers/Briggs personality typology training and schema-based training on students' psychological well-being.

The present research method was a semi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all the students of Yazd city in 2023, of which 60 people were selected using the available sampling method, 20 of them placed in the control group and 20 in each experimental group. Psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff, 1989) was used to collect information. For the training interventions of the experimental groups, the personality typology training packages of Catherine Myers and Linda Kirby translated by Arsam Hordad (2021), and the training package based on Yang et al.'s schema (1950) were used. Members of the control group did not receive any intervention. Descriptive statistics and variance analysis with repeated measures were used in SPSS version 26 software for data analysis.

The findings showed that Myers/Briggs personality typology training and schema-based training increases students' psychological well-being (p>0.05). Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the efficacy of Myers/Briggs personality typology training and schema-based training on psychological well-being.

Based on the findings, it is possible to help improve the mental health of students by designing educational courses and workshops and providing the necessary conditions for their implementation. Additionally, universities can organize various workshops and seminars with the focus on preparing students for university life.

Numerous studies confirm the effect of psychological factors on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as blood pressure. These diseases affect the quality of people's emotions and health. So far, various treatments have been performed to reduce blood pressure, but it seems that the role of psychological treatments such as treatment based on acceptance and commitment in regulating emotions and consequently reducing blood pressure has not been paid enough attention.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion regulation and blood pressure reduction in people with coronary heart disease.

The present research method was applied and quasi-experimental designs of pre-test-post-test and 6-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all people with coronary heart disease who were referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Nowshahr. The sample of this study includes 30 people with coronary heart disease who were selected using Convenience Sampling. The data were obtained using the emotion regulation questionnaire of Granfsky et al. (2001) and a sphygmomanometer. The protocol used in this research was based on the proposal of Herbert and Furman (2011), which was designed and implemented in 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The data were analyzed using the Mancova method and analysis of variance with repeated measurements, and the above statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS-26 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores before and after the intervention between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). The average blood pressure of the subjects in the pre-test of the experimental group was 15.16 and in the post-test stage, it was reduced to 12.83, while there was no significant change in the control group. Finally, the findings indicated that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment statistically affects emotion regulation and blood pressure reduction in people with coronary heart disease.

It can be concluded that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment can be used as an effective intervention to improve emotion regulation and reduce blood pressure in people with coronary heart disease.

One of the important issues in the field of educational psychology is the relationship between parents' marital compatibility and students' academic performance. To explain the relationship between marital adjustment and academic performance, it is necessary to identify mediating factors between them. A possible factor is student happiness. However, no study has investigated the structural relationship between marital adjustment and academic performance of students with the role of happiness mediator.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship between parents' marital compatibility and children's happiness with their academic performance.

The current research was descriptive, of correlation and structural equations type. The statistical population includes high school students of Farhang, Imam Hossein (AS), and Shahid Esfahani high schools in Babol city in the academic year 2021-2022, among which 300 students were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. To gather data, we utilized two questionnaires: the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (Argyle Valley, 1990) and Graham Biaspanier's Marital Compatibility Questionnaire (1976). For evaluating academic progress, we analyzed students' first-semester grade point average using descriptive statistics methods (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inference from structural regression equation modeling. The data was analyzed with the help of spss18 and amos23 software.

The research model has been approved, and it shows that the academic achievement variable can be explained by two predictability variables (R2=0.48), namely marital adjustment and happiness. These variables have both direct and indirect effects, and are statistically significant at a level of 0.05.

Considering the significance of the relationships between the investigated variables, the results of the present research emphasize the necessity of the role of marital adjustment and the behavior of learners with regard to happiness with the educational system, which can be used as a framework for designing educational programs in order to strengthen marital adjustment and academic performance of students.

Problem solving skills and learning styles are important issues in all age groups. Although the factors affecting it have been investigated in many researches, but investigating the effect of mindfulness on problem solving styles with the mediating role of learning styles has been less investigated.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of mindfulness on problem solving styles with the mediating role of learning styles.

The current research was descriptive and of correlation and structural equations type. The statistical population of the research included all Secondary School Students of Garmsar city in the academic year 2020-2021, and 341 of these students were selected by random cluster sampling. In order to collect data, five fact mindfulness questionaair (Baer et al., 2006), Learning Style Orientation Inventory (Towler & Dipboye, 2003) and Problem Solving Styles Questionnaire (Cassidy & Long, 1996) were used. In order to analyze the data, the correlation method and structural equations were used with the help of SPSS-22.

The results showed that the five components of observation, description, action with awareness, non-judgment and non-reaction had an effect on the problem-solving styles of Secondary School Students in Garmsar city with the mediating role of learning styles (P<0.05).

Based on the obtained results, learning styles can affect learning by indirectly affecting problem solving styles. Therefore, the results of this research can have important implications for educational professionals in the field of education, including the impact of mindfulness and learning styles on problem solving.

As a natural process of maturation, aging has both positive and negative aspects and causes new alterations in a person's social and psychological standing. Therefore, psychological therapy can assist the elderly in recovering from their individual, societal, and economic impairments. In this context, it appears crucial to identify more effective therapies.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of logotherapy with acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing elderly loneliness.

The research design was quasi-experimental and consisted of a pre-test, a post-test, and a control group. The statistical population comprised all elderly residents of Tehran in 2021, 45 of whom were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group from among the elderly residing in health homes in Tehran. Data was collected using Adult social and emotional loneliness scale (ELS; DiTommaso et al., 2004). In the current study, the first experimental group received logotherapy (Frankel, 1963), while the second experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT; Hayes, 2004). The control group did not get any intervention. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using one-way and multivariate covariance analysis.

Adjusting the pre-test scores revealed a significant difference between the groups of logotherapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and control in terms of loneliness at the post-test stage (P<0.05), and the two intervention groups compared to the control group had a significant effect on loneliness and its components, But the effectiveness of the two intervention groups was not significantly different (P<0.05).

Acceptance and commitment therapy and logotherapy, despite the use of unique techniques, have efficient and practical origins and features that reduce the feeling of loneliness in the elderly.

The development of the career path is a topic that has been widely studied in the scientific texts of psychology and has been mentioned in the theories related to occupational psychology. Also, several studies have been conducted on the developmentof children's career paths, but no specific research was found that provided a model for the developmentof children's career paths.

The current research was conducted with the aim of modeling the development of children's career path based on a grounded theory study.

The current research was carried out with a qualitative approach, on a grounded theory method is of the emergent type. The statistical population of the research included all specialists related to the subject of the research who had a scientific background and related experience, and 18 of them participated in this research using theoretical sampling. Also, in order to collect data, semi-structured in-depth interview method was used. The interviews continued until reaching the saturation of the categories and forming the essence of the basic domain. At the same time as the interviews, data analysis was performed and validated with the emergent method including substantive coding (including open and selective coding) and theory using ATLAS.ti8 software.

In the data analysis, 306 non-repeated codes, 29 fundamental codes and finally 9 categories and 3 theoretical codes emerged. According to the participants in the research, in general, the Developmentof children's career path is formed as a path from adaptation to adaptability and includes factors, process and competencies.

According to the findings, it seems that the development of children's career path is a complex and continuous process that is influenced by several factors, including family background, gender, culture, school experiences, and personal interests and abilities. Therefore, to effectively guide and support the development of children's career paths, a holistic approach that includes various components is necessary.

Confusion in the marital relationship has an important role in the quality of life, on the other hand, the quality of life of couples depends on their communication beliefs. Various studies have investigated the effect of schema therapy on behaviors related to emotional divorce, but the extent of the effect of schema therapy on communication beliefs and the quality of life of couples has been neglected.

The present study's purpose was to investigate schema therapy efficacy on communication beliefs and the quality of life of couples.

The present research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population included women with low compatibility referring to counseling centers covered by Tehran's welfare between May and June 2021, in the first stage, 108 people were selected using the available method, and after completing the marital compatibility questionnaire, 30 people with compatibility were selected. They were randomly selected and placed in groups. The experimental group underwent schema therapy in 10 sessions of 90 minutes. The data collection tool was Idelsen and Epstein's Communication Beliefs Questionnaire (1981) and Quality of Life Questionnaire (World Health Organization, 2004). Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software and analysis of covariance.

The findings showed that the average social, physical, psychological, environmental health, and overall health has increased, and it is statistically significant in the schema therapy group compared to the control group. The average score of belief in the destructiveness of opposition, belief in the changeability of the spouse, mind reading, sexual perfectionism, and belief in sexual differences in schema therapy has decreased, and this reduction in the schema therapy group is statistically significant compared to the control group. P<0.05).

Schema therapy leads to improving the quality of life and changing communication beliefs in couples involved in the conflict. Considering the effect of schema therapy on the communication beliefs and quality of life of couples, it is suggested that counseling centers and welfare centers pay attention to this approach to improve the quality of life and change the communication beliefs of couples involved in a conflict.