مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 734 (هفته دوم آبان 1402)

Although exercise is known as an effective factor in maintaining and improving bone strength; it is not clear that its effects on bone-forming and bone-eating cells of different age groups are the same. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance-endurance training on the number of osteocyte, osteoblast, and osteoclast cells in femur bone tissue in male rats of different ages.

In the present study, 30 male Wistar rats in three age groups of 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 96 weeks were randomly divided into 2 groups of 5 each, training and control. Resistance-endurance exercises were performed for 6 training sessions per week for 6 weeks. Rats were sacrificed under carbon dioxide gas. H&E staining was used for tissue microscopic examination.

The results of one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test showed that higher amounts of osteoblast and osteocyte cells and lower amounts of osteoclast cells in trained rats of all three age groups were significant compared to their control group. The comparison of exercise groups showed that the number of osteoblasts in the child and adult groups, the number of osteocytes in the adult group, and the number of osteoclasts in the adult and elderly groups were higher.

The results showed that resistance-endurance training led to an increase in bone-forming cells and a decrease in bone-eating cells. However, the effects of exercise on bone formation in younger age groups were more than in old age. Nevertheless, the prevention of exercise from the process of bone loss in older age, especially old age, was evident.

One of the chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis (MS). Betaine has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of betaine on tissue changes of the cerebellum and motor activity in the experimental model of MS.

In this experimental research, 20 adult male rats (12-week-old) were divided into control, Ms, Ms+ betaine and betaine. To create the MS model, animals were fed food containing 0.5% cuprizone for 12 weeks. For treatment, betaine was given at a dose of 1% in drinking water for the last 6 weeks. At the end of period, in order to measure balance and motor coordination, rotarod, open field, and inverted grid tests were performed, and the cerebellum of the animals was studied in terms of histological alterations.

Motor activities and maintaining balance in the MS group showed a significant decrease compared to control group, while treatment with betaine improved these symptoms. In the histological studies, tissue changes in Purkinje cells, such as a decrease in the number, condensation and pyknosis of the nucleus, a decrease in the diameter of the cell body and the nucleus of these cells were seen in the MS group. While the MS group receiving betaine, the changes were clearly improved and the Purkinje cells were able to maintain their number and shape.

The betaine can be considered as an effective biomolecule in the process of nerve regeneration and improvement of motor behaviors in patients with MS.

The covid-19 epidemic has led to a severe challenge in the educational system. This study evaluated the readiness of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences regarding the reopening for face-to-face training during the covid-19 pandemic as a community-based intervention.

In a cross-sectional descriptive study in 2020, the Community Readiness Model (CRM) was used to evaluate the level of readiness of members in the Medical Universities of Isfahan. A standard semi-structured community readiness tool (CRT) was used to collect data. The total readiness score is the average score of the five of the questionnaire. The standard t-test, the one-way ANOVA were conducted to determine differences in mean scores of community sections, and the ANCOVA to evaluate the effects of intervening.

The interviewees were 28 informed individuals in four departments of the academic community. The final readiness score was 6.03 ± 2.9 equivalent to the initial stage of the CRM. students’ awareness of university condition and relevant consequences, gained the highest score (7.14 ± 2.69), whereas financial resources Received the lowest score (4.82 ± 2.94). Significant differences existed between the student section and other sections (P < 0.05).

It is essential to evaluate the readiness for implementing any community-based intervention. analyze the views of stakeholders, and adopt relevant strategies for the readiness that must be done to achieve the expected results. In order to achieve the expected results in the implementation of any community–based intervention, it is necessary to analyze the opinions of stockholders and adopt relevant strategies.