نشریه معارف دینی در آینه پژوهش
پیاپی 1 (بهار 1402)

Every moral school must show its rationality in four elements: logical, epistemological, semantic and ontological. Below each of these elements are questions that need to be answered in order to form a complete moral theory. The most important question concerns the ontological element, Its meaning is the determination whether the value and moral obligation are real or unreal. And there is a fundamental approach to this: realism and moral unrealism. Realists have used various things as the basis for proving realism, the most recent of which is the reliance on the love of nature. Our effort is to show that the above question can be answered on the basis of perfection. Perfection means either human or divine perfection. Relying on human perfection, a secular approach to moral values can be adopted and at the same time the rationality of moral values can be explained, but by relying on divine perfection, the most logical and reasonable justification for moral values is provided and the highest moral value makes sense.

How the Mahdavi world government was realized and how Imam Mahdi (pbuh) treats the followers of religions, Islamic sects and opponents, is one of the important areas of Mahdism research. This article intends to deal with the situation of the followers of these groups during the Mahdavi world government through a narrative-analytical method. To achieve this, the article is organized in two parts, The first part deals with the principle of presence or absence of followers of religions, Islamic sects and opponents, And the result indicates that the followers of the divine religions such as Christianity and Judaism will be present in that covenant, But the followers of different Islamic religions and the opposition will not be present. The second part deals with the situation of the existing groups during the Mahdavi world government, And the results show that these groups will be in complete security and comfort and will be dealt with on the basis of truth and justice.

Freemasonry, which began its political activities with the efforts of the British government in the 17th century, gradually spread its ideals globally among Western and Eastern civilizations. In line with the initial conditions of the early Qajar era, the wave of this movement also affected the reign of Fathali Shah Qajar and from that time on, Iranians became familiar with this movement in various ways. This familiarity created new awareness and motivations among the upper classes and Iranian diplomats, who turned the lodges into a center for introducing new programs and ideals to Iranian society. Antiquity as a Masonic-Western ideal sought to replace itself in the world by fading and sidelining the religious culture of nations. The aim of this paper is to answer the question of whether Freemasons and their organizations played a role in the ancient tendencies of Iranians and confronting religious thought from the constitutional period to Pahlavi. The result of the research shows that Freemasonry revived and nurtured the ancient thoughts of Iranians, which had existed in the minds of Iranians for centuries, in the 18th century, and promoted it to an ideological thought with a plan to confront religious thought. Masonic teachings caused them to highlight the history of ancient Iran and praise this period, and to attribute the backwardness of Iranians to the Arab invasion and the prevalence of religious thought.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of reverse teaching on self-directed learning and academic progress of students in the Analytical History of Early Islam course. The method of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of this study included all students of Arak University. The sample of the research was selected in the direct method and 58 people were selected and they were placed in two different groups by matching. The instrument used in the present study was the self-directed learning scale of Pintrich and DeGroot (1990). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods of univariate and multivariate covariance analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of univariate covariance analysis showed that reverse learning did not have a significant effect on students' self-directed learning, but it had a significant and positive effect on students' academic progress. Also, the findings of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that reverse learning did not have a significant effect on students' cognitive strategies and metacognitive strategies.

There are two faces and descriptions of Prophet David's personality in the Old Testament that are not compatible with each other, one is a servant of God and obedient to him, and the other is a sinful and rebellious face before the Prophet of Truth. Although the Old Testament mentions him as one of the important kings of Judaism, the Holy Qur'an places him among the prophets who also achieved the position of caliphate and apparent kingship. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, this research tries to explain the character traits and characteristics of His Holiness' rule in the two texts of the Old Testament and the Holy Qur'an based on the library documents after his introduction, and by stating the commonalities and differences, To introduce and explain the prominent features of that Prophet in the Quran. Among the most important findings of the research, we can point to the fact that Prophet David was the Messiah in the Old Testament, his infallibility in the view of the Qur'an, many miracles and the divine nature of his rule in two documents.

One of the most important causes of disease in today's societies is food waste, the cleaning of which is different in each medical school. This research has tried to analyze the life style of Imams (peace be upon them) in relation to the cleaning of such wastes. Despite the efforts of various researchers in the medical history of innocents, the present problem is a new and practical issue that the primary territory of waste production and behavioral measures corresponding to its cleaning have been investigated and extracted with a descriptive analytical method and documentary approach. The findings of the research indicate that the actions of Imams (a.s.) to clean food waste under three axes; Attention to reducing the amount of waste, attention to not stopping waste in the process of digesting and expelling waste on time has been summed up. By choosing a lofty and pleasant ideal, Masooman (pbuh) considered any worldly pleasures such as eating as a means of life, and for this reason, besides preventing the creation of excess waste without any internal dissatisfaction, he made the mind aware of various obstacles to digest and expel waste, including They have managed occupations and restrictions. The prominent advantage of the mentioned method, in addition to aligning with reason and nature, is controlling the needs of the body and balancing it with the power of faith, which is considered an exercise for self-improvement in order to achieve a virtuous life