نشریه علوم سیاسی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 101، بهار 1402)

The primary objective of this study is to analyze al-Fārābī's approach to the Islamization of political philosophy. To achieve this, the study explores the following questions: Did al-Fārābī Islamize political philosophy through the manipulation of Greek theoretical foundations and presuppositions? Did he render practical wisdom in terms of both the experiences of Muslims and religious rationality? Furthermore, did al-Fārābī solely follow the argumentative framework and outlines of Greek philosophy, and then developed his own principles, objectives, and challenges? A systematic analysis and examination of the written works of al-Fārābī, also known as the Second Teacher, reveal the following key findings the establishment of Greek political philosophy on Islamic theoretical foundations, its subsequent reconstruction in alignment with Islamic ideals and by drawing inspiration from Quranic concepts, and the advancement and exploration of political philosophy problems within a novel framework. As a result, al-Fārābī was able to introduce novel issues pertaining to virtuous communities, citizenship ethics, and governance methodologies. By harmonizing philosophy, religion, and Quranic values, he presented his political philosophy with a foundational, idealistic, and axiological perspective that remained consistent with Islam.

The objective of this research is to examine the moral role of institutions and its developmental implications for Iran. The study aims to address the issue of distrust and non-cooperation in the relationship between the government and the people of Iran. Drawing upon a theoretical framework that combines phronetic and institutionalist approaches, as well as incorporating Aristotle's virtue theory in understanding the function of institutions according to institutionalists, the research employs qualitative analysis to explore the moral function of institutions as intermediating variables in development. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide insights into the developmental implications of such a function for Iran. The findings indicate that during specific periods in Iran's history, notable institutional arrangements were in place to facilitate the adjustment of government-people relationships. These periods demonstrated increased predictability and transparency, leading to higher levels of cooperation and mutual trust between the government and the people. Consequently, these improved dynamics resulted in enhanced developmental indicators across various economic and political domains. Consequently, based on the established hypothesis that the relationship between the people and the government is a crucial variable in the development process, the moral function of institutions, defined as enhanced trust and cooperation, can be viewed as an intermediary variable within this process.

Irrespective of its historical context, the Islamic Revolution exhibits distinct fundamental characteristics that contemporary political thinkers have identified and articulated. Examining these features and formulating them in a persuasive manner can contribute to the development of a comprehensive model of revolution that transcends spatial and temporal boundaries. The primary objective of this research is to address two key questions. Firstly, what are the essential philosophical features of the Islamic Revolution as perceived through the lens of political wisdom? Secondly, how have contemporary philosophers formulated and presented these features in their arguments? To accomplish this, I employ an argumentative approach that involves analyzing the fundamental data found in the works of contemporary political thinkers. This method allows for a comprehensive examination of the essential features of the Islamic Revolution, which can be categorized into two main groups: internal construction and external construction. The internal construction encompasses features such as monotheistic construction, sharia-based construction, conscious construction, while the external construction includes cultural construction, construction based on inner societal transformation, and general construction. Throughout the research, we present arguments supporting the inclusion of each feature in the model of the Islamic Revolution. The findings suggest that the Islamic Revolution possesses distinct characteristics that, while sharing certain similarities with other revolutions worldwide, set it apart. These features can be traced back to intangible sources within the revolutionary society, shaping its internal dimension and defining its fundamental essence. Additionally, other features stem from the objective manifestations of the society, which define how the Islamic Revolution is objectively structured, and yet portray its external appearance. The Islamic Revolution can be characterized as a monotheistic uprising, driven by a profound sense of consciousness and a commitment to sharia. Additionally, by leveraging cultural dimensions and fomenting an internal revolution among the masses, it successfully mobilized diverse segments of society to dismantle the existing ruling system and establish an ideal state.

The primary objective of this research is to examine the foreign policy options available to the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Palestinian issue. By employing a qualitative research methodology, we conducted interviews with 21 experts specializing in political science, management, future studies, and history. Additionally, administrators from the Palestinian embassy in Tehran were included in the sample. The experts and administrators were selected through the snowball sampling method. The interviews were carried out until saturation was reached. Subsequently, a thematic analysis was performed, resulting in the identification of 10 key themes. The findings revealed potential, likely, and desirable foreign policy scenarios for the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the Palestinian issue. Among these scenarios, the preferred option is the establishment of democracy and the formation of a unified state in Palestine through a referendum.

The primary objective of this research is to examine the goals and fundamental principles of achieving fair and just political progress as proposed by al-Fārābī. Considering al-Fārābī's influential position in Islamic political thought and philosophy, a reevaluation of his ideas can provide a foundation for a theory that advocates for equitable political advancement. In the present day, marked by four decades of revolution characterized as a period of progress and justice, a critical drawback in the Islamic Republic of Iran is the absence of a concrete and attainable theory across various domains, including just political progress. Hence, it holds immense significance to pursue such a theory and draw insights from the perspectives of early Islamic thinkers. This research employs a speculative-analytical approach and a systematic methodology to explore the foundational components of progress. The hypothesis put forth in this study is based on al-Fārābī's perspective on the objectives and principles of political progress, encompassing both worldly and spiritual dimensions. The ultimate aim is to attain true perfection through a justice-centered trajectory of political progress, leading to happiness in the afterlife via political life in this world. The findings demonstrate that justice-centered political progress rests upon four essential pillars: ideology, leadership, populace, and governance. These pillars must not only fulfill their individual roles in the process of development but also maintain interdependence and mutual coherence.

One crucial aspect of political development is social participation, particularly the involvement of women in politics. The objective of this research is to address the following fundamental question: What are the indicators and roles of identity-related actions in women's political engagement? The research is based on the hypothesis that women's participation in elections is significantly linked to the structural and identity frameworks of Iranian women. To investigate this, a mixed-method approach was utilized, and the findings were analyzed using regression analysis and step-by-step processes involving individual, identity, and structural v  ariables. The results reveal that women's political engagement has increased following the Islamic Revolution. Political participation during this period indicates a significant correlation between female identity frameworks and their involvement in politics. Out of the 14 variables examined, the most influential factors on political identity, and subsequently political engagement, were individual identity, gender identity, future orientation, and age.

The Constitutionalist era in Iran brought about a period of significant transformation, where Iranians were exposed to a multitude of new terms and phenomena, resulting in heightened awareness. This newfound awareness laid the groundwork for a shifting of power dynamics and eventually led to structural changes within the country. However, it is important to note that religious, political, and elite figures, shaped by their distinct backgrounds and interests, did not equally reflect these changes. Consequently, varying interpretations of key concepts such as freedom, equality, and law emerged, which were then reflected in the press and media of the time. This research aims to examine the representation of the concept of freedom in the press during a specific historical era, utilizing van Leeuwen's model as a framework. The focus is on analyzing newspapers such as Qanun, Habl al-Matin, Sur-e Esrafil, and Mosavat. The research method employed is content analysis, drawing upon van Leeuwen's theory of representation. The theoretical framework is based on his model, which comprises four key categories: authorization, moral evaluation, rationalization, and mythopoesis. These categories contribute to the discursive construction of legitimization, demonstrating how each element plays a role in legitimizing concepts within representations. Consequently, this research investigates the legitimization of events presented in the press utilizing van Leeuwen's model. Data has been collected from documents and the aforementioned newspapers during the two-year period of the Constitutional Movement, spanning from spring 1285 Sh to summer 1287 Sh.

The pursuit of an effective social rationality is a significant preoccupation for Muslim intellectuals, especially in the wake of the modern era. The central inquiry revolves around the means to attain rationality while navigating the abstract and unidimensional perspectives on reason and rationalism held by Muslim philosophers and theologians, which finds expression in practical wisdom. This pursuit embodies a rationality that not only maintains religious authenticity but also establishes connections with instrumental reason and empirical science. Such a rationality aims to bolster the material and spiritual prowess of the Islamic world, compensating for past inactivity and failures in competing with the modern Western civilization. There are already general studies of this topic, but has clearly presented a theory of an efficient social rationality. This study explores novel interpretations of religious texts and leverages religious sensibilities to apply instrumental and calculative rationality, along with common-sense scientific approaches, to individual and societal contexts. By doing so, it presents a fresh understanding of rationality within a distinct theoretical framework, offering a unique perspective on this significant subject matter. The research methodology employed in this study is argumentative-deductive, and the method of ijtihad is utilized to analyze religious texts. The theoretical framework primarily draws inspiration from Mulla Sadra's perspective on existence and the nature of human beings, while also expanding beyond the confines of the Sadraean approach in practical terms. One implication of this research is its significant contribution to the development of Islamic human sciences and, by extension, facilitating theoretical discussions on the revival of Islamic civilization. Moreover, in the short term, it can assist in addressing governance issues through the lens of Islamic rationality.