Journal of Money & Economy
Volume:17 Issue: 4, Fall 2022

The purpose of the present research is to introduce and calculate the Return on Risk-Weighted Assets Index (RORWA) in Iranian commercial banks and to investigate the impact of banking health indices on this index. RORWA is more accurate than other risk-adjusted indicators like RAROC or RORAC. Also, newer banking health indicators have been chosen to examine the impact of these indicators on the Return on Risk-Weighted Assets Index (RORWA), which are more contemporary. The statistical population of this study is 16 Iranian commercial banks listed on the Iran Stock Market from 2012 to 2021. The method used in the research is the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Regression using the data of the last 9 years of mentioned banks and also based on the statistical significance tests performed, the type of data is Panel Data. First, yearly data have been collected, and then we used Eviews software to analyze the information and test the hypotheses stated in the research. The results show that five of the six banking health indicators, including Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Quality, Earning Quality, and Systematic Risk, affect RORWA and their relationships with each other are direct. But Liquidity Quality does not affect RORWA index.

The purpose of this study is to plan new customer acquisition and keep customer loyalty to banks by identifying the factors that influence banking services marketing and growth and development of marketing systems. The purpose of this research is "Designing and testing a banking services marketing model based on a systematic fundamental data method in Bank Saderat Iran", which was prepared in order to provide a new paradigmatic model of banking services effective on customer preferences. This study used a mixed exploratory approach with qualitative techniques on systematic foundation data. The qualitative model of banking services was extracted and tested using survey methods and structural equations. The Foundation's data analytics division's work is a paradigmatic model in the field of banking services, consisting of 22 components. This model has undergone validation and testing on banking service customers and can be used for future research as a new model in the area of ​​marketing mix for banking services.

The objective of banks’ policymakers is risk management. Merging of banks is a method to improve risk management. Operational risk and market risk are two of the most crucial risks for banks, serving as the foundation for other risks. Therefore, the management of these risks is important. Iran merged five banks in 2017. One of the concerns of this program’s administrators and banking researchers is whether the merger of banks can enhance the management of operational risk and market risk. To answer this question, this article investigates the short- and long-term effects of bank mergers on operational risk and market risk using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. To measure operational risk and market risk, we used the Basel Committee’s guidelines and Sepah Bank’s financial statement data for 2011-2022. For the purpose of measuring the integration of banks, a dummy variable has been considered, during the 2011-2017 that it is one and it is zero before 2011 and after 2017. Results indicate the merger of banks increases operational risk in the short- and long-term, while market risk increases in the short-term and decreases in the long-term. Investing in assets ratio has little impact on operational risk, but can reduce market risk. The relationship between the increase in deposit interest rate and operational risk is negative, while there is positive relationship between market risk and deposit interest rate.

Financing the government's budget deficit has conventionally taken place in the economy of Iran via borrowing from the Central Bank. However, bonds are the major way to finance the budget deficit in most countries, not admitted due to Shari'ah-compliant financial regulations in the legal system of the Iranian economy. Iranian economy intellectuals have presented an alternative source of funding termed Islamic treasury bills that differ from conventional bills. The present study is set to analyze the impact of Islamic treasury bills as a procedure for covering budget deficits on selected macroeconomic variables, including inflation, investment, gross domestic product, etc. The analysis was performed by applying the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model for the Iranian economy as an open economy, considering the Islamic treasury bills for reducing the government's budget shortfall. The results revealed that if the DSGE model is employed, the macroeconomic variables under the study will manifest a different and occasionally negative impact in a short-term period; however, in a long-term period, the issuance of treasury bills may positively affect mentioned variables.

Although Islamic banking has been in use for a while, it has only recently begun to receive the attention it deserves and has become very popular. It has been warmly welcomed by people all over the world, and these Islamic banks have been successful in obtaining sizable business not only in Islamic countries but also in non-Islamic countries. There are still disagreements over a number of underlying concepts and practices despite notable advancements and achievements. Islamic banks in Pakistan have emerged as an alternative to conventional banks but they are still facing tough competition from these banks. They are offering services in Pakistan with the concept that they are working under the rules of Shariah and Quran. However, there is a debate over the practices of the profit and loss sharing mode of financing by Islamic banks in Pakistani society and that whether these services are really Islamic or not.This study aimed to describe the perceptions of Islamic scholars in Pakistan regarding Islamic banks and investigate whether they perceive the existing Islamic banking system as really Islamic. Data was collected through a questionnaire from Islamic scholars and clerics. Firstly, reliability of the data was checked through Cronbach alpha and Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that Islamic scholars and clerics are dissatisfied with the way of Islamic banking operations.

The purpose of the present research is to examine the role of factors related to jihadi management and organizational spirituality in Sepah Bank employees in the southeastern region of the country and to present a favorable model. The present study is descriptive and correlational, and has been done by survey method. The statistical population of the study included all employees of Sepah Bank in the southeast region, and sampling has been done by the two-stage cluster method in order to analyze the data by descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation tests and structural equation modeling), and SPSS software was used. In this study, in order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire of factors related to jihadi management and an organizational spirituality questionnaire based on the Likert 5-item spectrum were applied. To measure validity, using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability value to raise a question of factors related to jihadi management was 0.931 and organizational spirituality was 0.981. In the present study, the significance level is considered 0.05. The findings showed that the model of explaining jihadi management based on organizational spirituality based on the following: increased organizational spirituality; reduction of opportunism; service spirit and responsibility; providing better services to customers; and ultimately the realization of organizational spirituality.