پژوهشنامه جغرافیای انتظامی
پیاپی 41 (بهار 1402)

Security is a concept that finds meaning in urban societies. Without a sense of security, no urban space will be a place for the presence and social interactions of citizens. The purpose of this research is to compare the factors affecting the feeling of security in the informal settlements of Karaj metropolis. In this research, after examining the related theoretical bases, the components of "life security, dignity security, financial security" were obtained as indicators affecting the sense of security in the informal settlements of Karaj metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The data collection tool in this research was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. whose validity was done by formal method and its reliability was done by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the research was the citizens of the informal settlements of Karaj metropolis, and the sample size was considered to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. Kalak has the lowest sense of life security and Islamabad neighborhood has the highest level of security and sense of life security. It should be noted that the highest average rating of the feeling of financial security is related to the neighborhood of Islamabad and the lowest is related to the neighborhood of Kalak. The investigated neighborhoods have significant differences in terms of the importance of life. The highest sense of life safety is related to Islamabad and the lowest is related to Qazalhasar neighborhood.

The tourism industry, as one of the top developing industries, has a special place in the economy of countries today, and with its effects, it plays an active and effective role in improving the economic, social-cultural and environmental structure of societies. One of the effective factors in promoting and growing tourism development is the development of a sense of social security. In this regard, the current research aims to analyze the sense of security of tourists in Ilam city and the performance of the police in the direction of the sustainable development of tourism by using the IPA technique. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of method. The statistical population of this research is the residents of Ilam city, 300 people were selected as the sample size using Cochran's method and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by alpha.The findings of the research, based on the Pearson correlation test analysis, which was carried out to investigate the relationship between tourists' sense of security and tourists' loyalty in Ilam city, show that the relationship between tourists' sense of security and their loyalty is significant with a significance level of less than 0.01 at the 0.99 level. and with a correlation coefficient of 0.468, this relationship is direct, that is, with the increase in tourists' sense of security, their loyalty to tourism in Ilam city will also increase.

  Vandalism, the deliberate destruction of public or private property and a kind of disease in the modern age, is considered to be the birth of different spatial structures.The purpose of this research is to explain the effect of spatial structure on the occurrence of vandalism in Zanjan city. Based on the work method and nature, it is placed in the framework of descriptive-analytical research. The data of this research was recorded in the form of Cartesian coordinates using GPS and analyzed in SPSS and GIS software and presented in the form of tables and maps. In order to analyze spatial distribution, Cornell geostatistics and kriging tests have been used.The statistical population of the current research is the city of Zanjan and the statistical samples of all vandalism manifestations in the uses of public spaces in the neighborhoods of karmandan and Golshahr. The results of SPSS indicate that more than 50% of vandalism occurred in dense coordinates of the population such as green space use and residential use. The second most important use by vandals is the areas outside the scope of vision and supervision, which includes 14% of cases in karmandan and 46% in Golshahr. The exposure and use of security systems in educational, sports, workshop and commercial uses has acted as a shield to prevent vandalism and caused these uses to suffer a very small percentage of vandalism.

Today's cities are facing all kinds of urban problems and damages in parallel with the increase and expansion of the population and physical spaces. The city of Chalus is not an exception to this rule, somehow the occurrence of all kinds of thefts of second homes in this city is much higher than other cities.

The current research is applied in terms of type and purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The information required for the research has been prepared by documentary method. For this purpose, the crimes of second house theft registered as a statistical population have been studied. Using statistical tests in the ARCGIS environment, the centers of thefts in Chalus city have been identified and spatially analyzed.

The findings show that the seasonal distribution of thefts from second homes in Chalus city was in the summer season, 84 thefts in the fall season, 79 thefts in the winter season, and 58 thefts in the spring season. Based on this, the most theft occurred in the summer season, so that the oval of standard deviation in the city of Chalus is located in the direction of northwest to southeast with an average elongation, but it has differences in different seasons.

The pattern of distribution and dispersion of crimes also depends on the time, place and seasons of the year, which means that the number of thefts has also changed with the change of hours during the day and night.

The riot in the prison is a rarely occurred experience. Despite the evident attempts to escape from prison in most prisons, it happens rarely due to the coordination and planning for mass escape in prison by disrupting the order of the prison and clashing with the officers. Due to the spread of the Covid-19 and it's concerns, in March of this year (1399), a number of prisoners were sent on leave. Subsequently, other prisoners also requested to use leave under the pretext of being safe from the disease. However after the dissemination of the news of prisoners escape in some prisons of the country, including Saqez city and in some foreign countries, prison escape became a security phenomenon of prison riot, which was considered as one of the most important and sensitive policing and security missions of Faraja. The purpose of the current research was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of riot in the prisons of the country.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and it is analytical based on interview. The statistical population include employees and employees of prisons involved in riots caused by Covid 19.

In this research it was attempted to prepare an analytical pattern of riot by conducting interview with employees and employees of prisons while identifying the strengths, weaknesses and causes of riots. Also, based on the research findings some suggestions were offered in order to prevent riots.

Considering the occurrence of some recent movements in prisons by the enemies of the system in order to cause families and other people being dissatisfied from the existing situation, it became a proper platform to create insecurity; Therefore, all judicial and security agencies of the province and the country need to take appropriate measures in order to deal with this type of unrest and use modern facilities, equipment and training to deal with the main factors and the motivators in time.

Several factors are effective in the occurrence and spread of violence. One of these factors is defenseless or crime-prone urban spaces. Defenseless or crime-prone spaces have many characteristics that can be separated into two categories, physical and social, which make spaces susceptible to violence. From the point of view of urban designers and architects, physical characteristics and from the point of view of sociological and psychological theorists, social characteristics play a greater role in predisposing spaces to the occurrence of violence, therefore, in the present research, while

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The necessary data were collected and analyzed using mixed research methods (quantitative and qualitative).

 In the current research, which was conducted in the 19th district of Tehran, the visibility factor that occurs due to lack of light, fog, and natural factors was found to be the most important factor in urban homeless spaces, and in order, proximity to natural areas such as forests, large gardens, and areas Abandoned is natural, and after that the factors of visibility obstacles that cause hiding in the mentioned

The neighborhood scale of crime-prone spaces includes dark spaces at night, hidden corners and out of sight of residents, spaces with dense vegetation, abandoned spaces, checkerboard network of accesses,