نشریه مطالعات دفاع مقدس
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، تابستان 1402)

During the Holy Defense period, Iran faced a wide military sanction from Western and Eastern countries. The armed forces, using the facilities available in their creative and innovative forces, worked with all their might and ended the imposed war with courage, perseverance, innovation and creativity with victory. In these years, Iran's defense orientation in the field of weapons and military achievements has been based on security needs. Therefore, the industrial growth and development in various sectors in the field of military products production, including weapons and armor, naval, missile, air, etc., has gained a new boost, and it doubles the need to pay attention to politics by taking advantage of the lessons learned from the holy defense. The purpose of this research is to compile lessons learned from the holy defense in the policy making of defense science and technology. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting library information is using a phishing tool. The results of the research show that the policy making of defense science and technology is influenced by the factors of the perspective of the armed forces, mission and mission, environment (internal and external), defense policies, defense strategy, doctrine and principles of war, which can have strategic consequences in the organizational structure, human capital, Bring education, research, technology and defense equipment and weapons.

The purpose of this research is to explain the strategic role of Nahaja in supporting the economic dimension of the national power of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the eight years of holy defense, and since the research seeks to analyze a phenomenon that started in the past and ended in the past, in a historical way - An analysis has been done. This research is of an applied-developmental type and has benefited from two communities of experts and the community of experts. The size of the statistical population is 64 people, 19 of whom were interviewed or invited to expert meetings, and the rest were used to complete the research questionnaire. Data collection has been done using interview tools and questionnaires in both library and field methods. The research results show that Iraq's economy was almost paralyzed as a result of the performance of Iran's air force, and if it were not for foreign aid, Iraq would not have been able to survive against Iran. Because Nahaja had destroyed all his refineries and power plants. Destruction of Iraq's equipment and infrastructure, especially the oil and refining infrastructure, preservation of its own oil industry, and preservation of the country's territorial integrity, were the most important strategic measures taken in the imposed war, which made Iran come out of the war proud.

Today, the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran are a powerful, provincial and popular armed force in the eyes of the people. Clergymen, as one of their most basic tasks, have played a pivotal role in strengthening the Islamic revolution and system. Just having the military power of the armed forces cannot be the cause of success and victory, the authority and success along with the equipment and military forces with the weapon of faith and self-sacrifice created by the clerics strengthened the structure of the armed forces. The question is, what is the role of clerics in strengthening the structure of the armed forces by emphasizing the thought of Imam Khamenei? Using the method of thematic analysis, the researchers conceptualized the data obtained from the speeches of Imam Khamenei (Madazla Al-Ali) with the MAXQDA software, and based on these concepts, the primary themes include knowing the right path, being sharp, and the excellence of culture. , real knowledge, lack of indiscipline, hard work, follow-up, jihadi effort, moving forward, tact and political judgment were counted. Then, organizing themes including awareness, cleverness, knowledge, vision, tirelessness, inspiration, spirit of hope, determination, determination, frost and resourcefulness were obtained. Finally, by combining and integrating the universal themes, five factors of insight spirit, promotion of moral values, preservation of jihadi spirit, presence in the scene and identification of sedition and conspiracy lines were extracted.

The future war and drawing a clear picture of it has always created problems for strategists and analysts of military issues. Success in drawing a picture close to what will happen and preparing for it will give a great advantage to any country. It is important to look at the future war from the perspective of readiness and support. Preparedness and support in the holy defense is considered as a wonderful experience, a combination of different generations of wars, and it is necessary to use the experiences of this battle and other contemporary wars that happen continuously. On the other hand, in order to respond to the various scenes of an upcoming battle, there is a need for different preparations and support in order to provide the power to confront and direct all kinds of conflicts and wars in the domestic and cross-border dimension. In this article, according to the experiences and scientific learnings of preparation and support in holy defense, as well as the analysis of contemporary battles, the proposed features of preparation and support for future wars are stated. This research is applied in terms of type and descriptive and survey in terms of method and is conducted in a combined (qualitative-quantitative) manner. In this research, the method of qualitative content analysis as well as the method of paired comparisons was used to prioritize the characteristics of readiness and support for future wars. And finally, using pairwise comparisons, the number of ten features has been presented.

This paper was coducted to recognize the elements of professional ethic from the perspective of Shahid Soleimani by applying analytical-descriptive method. The field of the research is qualitative in terms of purpose, applicable, and it is documentary in the type of analysis. In order to gather the necessary data to answer the research questions, all the available documents related to the present topic have been collected utilizing the data collection approach and have been analyzed in a qualitative manner. From the four evaluated sources, concepts have been identified and obtained, which by classification and 218 categorizing these concepts and identifying their commonalities and differences, sub-concepts 10 were investigated, and then during selective coding process, four principle components including: (a) personal morality (flexibility, empathy, and deep attraction), (b) task-oriented morality (commitment, inspiration, and communicative transparency), (c) legal morality (balanced processing, moral perspective), and (d) justice morality (participation perspective, extroversion) were identified. Eventually, this research was conducted by presenting the practical pattern of identifying the personality dimensions of the martyr Haj Qasem Soleimani with the goal of preserving and teaching such valuable traits to the future generations of our territory, Iran.

With the beginning of Iraq's military invasion, the management of the holy defense continued with Imam Khomeini's guidelines. He stated that the principle of defense against aggression is obedience to God's order and defense against this imposed war is the defense of pure Islam and an obligatory principle and a shari'a duty. The main question of the article is "How was the soft power campaign of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the holy defense era?" The hypothesis of the article is that, while explaining the causes of war and the necessity of defense, he has formulated the basic slogans in the war of initiative and the components of the defense policy based on soft power. The main lines of Imam's policies, influenced by; "Imam's (RA) jurisprudential thought about Jihad in Islam", "Imam's (RA) historical experience of the behavior of the system of domination and arrogance in Islamic countries and Iran", "His understanding of Saddam Hussein and the Ba'ath system of Iraq" and "Statements and actions of Iraqis" against Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. This research, with qualitative method, examines the defense policy of Imam (RA) against threats and defense against the attacker with the aim of confronting it in three components: "Imam Khomeini's (RA) jurisprudential thought about Jihad in Islam", "Imam Khomeini's historical experience" has recognized the behavior of the system of domination and arrogance in Islamic countries and Iran", "prominence of "holy defense" in order to "issue the values of the revolution".

The study examines the causes of US troops entering the Persian Gulf during the sacred defense and how Iran and Iraq act against US actions. Depending on the nature of the subject, the type of applied research is a descriptive research method with the mixed approach and the method of compiling field and library information. After studying the literature, the background of the research, the reasons for the arrival of US troops into the Persian Gulf during the sacred defense period, and the way Iran and Iraq act against US actions, extracted by the researcher, and then to value the reasons for the entry of US troops into the Persian Gulf. The Likert spectrum was adjusted at five levels whose validity and reliability were reviewed by 10 experts and finally the final questionnaire was arranged and distributed among the 100 specialized staff in this field by targeted sampling method. The results of this study showed that three factors confrontation with the Islamic Revolution, competition with the Soviet Union within the Cold War and support Iraq in the war with Iran as strategic reasons and four factors to adopt Iran to adopt Resolution 598, support for maritime freedom The southern Gulf states and the military support of them and the destruction of the Stark Navy were identified as tactical reasons (excuses) of the arrival of US troops into the Persian Gulf during the sacred defense.

Memorial architecture affects people in terms of shape, plan and design purpose. Therefore, it is necessary to know the basics of building design in criticizing its architecture. The history of architecture has presented forms and structures in line with social events. One of the important contemporary events is the Islamic Revolution and the era of holy defense. Islamic revolution has important concepts in social, economic and artistic issues. Respecting the martyrs and fighters and trying for inter-generational dialogue led to the design of monuments, memorials and museums. The purpose of this research is the comparative comparison of war and holy defense museums. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the body, circulation and spaces by using case examples and using descriptive-analytical research methods. Based on the importance of the research and with the aim of identifying the design patterns of the museums of war and holy defense, this research tries to answer the following question with a comparative study: What are the physical-conceptual characteristics that shape the museums of war and holy defense? Results show; the war museums and holy defense museums are completely different in terms of content and form in such a way that the symbols, space creation and physical expression are inconsistent.

In this research, the identification and prioritization of the effective factors in the resilience of the internal security during the holy defense era is done with the fuzzy decision hierarchy analysis (FAHP) method. The identification and validity of the collected data was accompanied by the opinion of experts (the commanders at the time or the officials present with the experience of the holy defense period). After refining more than 100 factors and calculating their compatibility rate, finally 28 factors had the required reliability for the present study. After de-fuzzifying the factors and determining the initial weight of each, the final weight and rank of each criterion was determined. The findings indicated that Imam Khomeini's (RA) mobilizing power and his leadership, the primary rank and the optimal use of existing capacities and potentials, have been assigned the final rank.The findings indicated that Imam Khomeini's (RA) mobilizing power and his leadership, the primary rank and the optimal use of existing capacities and potentials, have been assigned the final rank.