فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 51، تابستان 1402)

The present research studies the relations between Iran and Armenia in the geopolitical developments of the Caucasus region. The Caucasus, the connecting region of Europe and Asia and the meeting point of great civilizations, is considered one of the most important geopolitical and geoeconomic regions of the world. From a security point of view, Russia is trying to stabilize its past political, economic and military position in the Caucasus and the United States is also seeking to develop its influence and interests with economic investments and geopolitical energy management. Also, the Caucasus is the arena of activity of actors such as Turkey, Israel and the European Union who have entered this region with economic and political goals. In the meantime, intra-regional factors such as energy equations, crises and ethnic conflicts, political and social developments in the countries of this area and economic instability due to the free economy have also provided favorable grounds for intense regional and global competition.

The importance of cities as the dominant form of human settlements is clear, on the other hand, the vulnerability of cities is increasing despite the natural disasters that have occurred in recent years. Today, the occurrence of natural disasters and the damage caused by these accidents have made making cities safer, becoming a long-term but achievable challenge; So that in order to quickly return to the pre-crisis situation when natural hazards occur, urban communities are determined to reduce the damages to some extent. Meanwhile, resilience is an important way to strengthen urban communities by using their capacities. The purpose of the present study is to identify the indicators of urban resilience to natural disasters. This research was conducted based on the development goal and "descriptive-analytical" nature in the survey method in 1401 in the city of Kermanshah. Data were collected using document reviews and questionnaires. The sample size was determined by using the census method, 20 people. Judgment sampling and snowball sampling were used for sampling. The data from the fuzzy Delphi method were analyzed to identify 38 sub-indices effective in resilience against natural disasters, weighting the factors or criteria of the proposed model and classifying them into four general groups: structural-physical, management-policy, socio-cultural and economic. After ranking the resilience indicators of Kermanshah against natural disasters, it was determined that the structural-physical index ranked first, the managerial-policy index ranked second, the economic index ranked third, and the socio-cultural index ranked fourth. The results of the examination of the sub-criteria related to the physical criterion showed that among the resilience indicators, the physical index was the most effective, therefore the zoning of the city of Kermanshah based on the level of physical resilience and active urban participation and sharing experiences to increase the resilience of the city of Kermanshah and lay the groundwork for Attracting participation and preparing people to face critical times seems necessary.

Geopolitics is one of the factors affecting the foreign policy of countries. The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has also been affected by geopolitical factors. The main goal of this article is to investigate the position of geopolitics in directing the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question has been raised as to what effect geopolitics has had on the direction of Iran's foreign policy after the Islamic Revolution. It has been hypothesized that geopolitics, by explaining or measuring the impact of each of the factors affecting the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, will help the diplomatic apparatus in designing and implementing a realistic foreign policy and make it easier to achieve national interests and national security. The results of the article show that the practical and theoretical view over the past years in Iran's foreign policy, the lack of attention to the strategy of looking to the East and unilaterally looking to the West, has caused neglect of other centers and sources of global power and wealth, especially near the borders. but in recent years, the strategy of looking to the east has turned into a regionalist strategy by the Islamic Republic of Iran in the geopolitical and geographical perspective, because Iran is one of the countries that has a geostrategic advantage in terms of its geographical and political location. , geoeconomics and geopolitics are beneficial. Based on this, the strategy of looking to the east, which has scientific

Apart from the economic aspect and the exchange of goods, Iranian markets were considered as one of the most important centers of communication and social relations in every city. The reason for the successful presence of people in this place is the existence of the market structure and its constituent organs, each of which has an independent identity and a meaningful link for the presence of people and human activities. In fact, patterns and proper spatial arrangement in Iranian markets have created a direct link with physical layers and a meaning to create continuity in the architecture of the market so that the spaces can be used independently and in connection with each other at the same time. Understanding the effect of spatial arrangement in the market and the effect of existing patterns that create experience in the individual is one of the goals of the research. Based on this, this research examines the shoe market of Tehran. This applied research is of a descriptive analytical type with a qualitative approach, which collects information with the method of document review, ethnography and field work techniques, non-interventional observation and analyzes the information with the method of reasoning and graphic analysis. The present study examines how the objective characteristics of the spatial patterns of Tehran shoe market adapt to the subjective perception and experience of the individual and the characteristics of the resulting outputs. According to the studies conducted based on the findings of the research, the result obtained is the synchronicity and connection of the spatial arrangement and the mutual connection of the physical and perceptual functional systems in the shoes market leads to the creation of meaning in the space and its effect on the experience of the people present in the market.

Housing is one of the most basic needs of human life and is considered as the smallest component of settlements and is still recognized as the most important need of new societies. Providing this need is always more vital for vulnerable groups. The present article was formed with the aim of adapting the strategy of the national housing movement plan to the neighborhood-oriented planning system in Sanandaj city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research data was collected by library and document method and using a questionnaire. The results of this research showed that the combined SWAT-EHP method was used to present the strategy, which first included the qualitative part and Then a quantitative SWAT part was performed. After determining the internal and external factors and then formulating 4 strategies based on relative weighting (AHP) and absolute weighting of the weighting factors and then the strategies were determined, and based on the value obtained for each strategy, its priority was determined. The chosen strategy in this research is the WO strategy, which is the strategy of adaptation or minimizing weaknesses and making the most of opportunities. The proposed strategy is economically oriented and based on long-term and continuous planning. Considering the size of residential units, the uniformity of patterns used in the design of residential units, services, etc. (especially in complex buildings), it seems that the voids governing the said housing pattern are not taken into consideration. Provision of public spaces and services in this

According to the global trend, the concern of senior executives about attracting and maintaining talents and professional human resources in order to achieve their desired growth is increasing. The purpose of this research is to provide a model of evidence-based policies to attract and retain knowledge workers in Iran's aviation industry. This research has a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) and the means of collecting information is referring to documents, interviewing experts and a 28-question questionnaire. The statistical population of this research includes 11 university professors and academic staff of the country's aviation industry, which is based on targeted sampling. were selected and the interviews were reviewed and coded using the theme analysis method. The results of the research led to the design of evidence-based policy formation patterns in the field of recruiting and retaining professional employees at four levels. The first level was formed by the Law on Coordinated Salary Payment System, Law on National Employment, and Law on Civil Service. The second level of the model was formed from the evidence taken from the investigation of the recruitment and retention processes of the country's aviation industry, the evidence taken from the expert employees of the Iranian aviation industry, and the organizational problem of the permanent migration of aviation industry experts from Iran. The third level of the model was formed by the corrective measures in the policies of attracting and retaining employees of the aviation industry.

The main goal of this article is to investigate the impact of the structure of the international system on the nationalization movement of the oil industry. This means that the political developments in any society, especially the Iranian society, which is directly related to the international system and colonialism, are often influenced by the policies and goals of different countries. Therefore, the rise and fall of governments, especially during the Pahlavi era, were often related to the policies and goals of the world's colonial powers. Among others, we can mention the role of America, Soviet Union and England. One of these important developments that has left a significant impact is the nationalization of the oil industry For this reason, the current research is trying to address the question of how the developments of the international system, including the colonial competition of the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom, have affected the issue of the nationalization of the oil industry in Iran. The effect of this variable on the results and achievement of the movement in question has been mostly negative and inhibiting, and although in the short term and in the initial stages of this movement, it had a facilitating process to some extent, but in the later stages, it has created serious obstacles on the way to achieving the goals of this movement.

The current research aims to explain the geopolitics of the role of the media in building the identity of the Kurds of Iraq and Iran and its impact on Iran's national security, and in this way, the constructivist school has been used to investigate and provide an understanding of the cultural similarities of these two groups. According to the topic of the research, the best research method is ethnography and historical analysis, but it was not possible for the researcher to be in Iraq and ethnography of the elephant Kurds of this country for some reasons and also due to the lack of resources in this regard. The method of historical analysis has not been possible either. Therefore, the researcher, considering the lack of available resources and by using the presence of Fili Kurds who have temporarily or permanently lived in Iran, as well as online communication through social networks with Fili Kurds living in Iraq, using the qualitative research method (in-depth interview). Has used. The method of data analysis, thematic analysis, was chosen and in this regard, the inductive or bottom-up approach was used. The statistical population of the research has been key informants who are fully familiar with the culture and religion of the Elamite clans and the Fili Kurds of Iraq. The sample size is 17 people (9 people from the tribes of Ilam province and 8 people from the Kurds of Fili Iraq) and have been selected purposefully. The method of collecting information is the

Today, platforms have become one of the most important communication needs of users for the development of services and businesses. Among the platforms, social messengers are responsible for almost all of people's daily affairs, including family, friendship, and even administrative and financial relationships through their functions and functions, in the same way that people use these types of social platforms to plan and organize their daily affairs. And their relations pay attention to the fact that the management of messengers outside the territorial space and outside the sovereign space can create tension and even cause disruption in daily life. According to this introduction, the main goal of the current research is to analyze and examine the characteristics of desirable native messengers from the perspective of Iranian users. The question of the research is, what are the most important characteristics of desirable native messenger from the point of view of Iranian users? This research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature, and in terms of results, it is developmental research. In order to identify the characteristics of a comprehensive native messenger with a user-centered view, the meta-analysis method will be used from the results of 13 researches identified in this regard in the Iranian ecosystem. The results of the meta-analysis of these researches will lead to the identification of the native characteristics of the Iranian ubiquitous messengers from the users' point of view.

In government organizations, empowerment and agility of employees has become one of the most important concerns of government managers over the past decade or two. Therefore, in this study, the researcher has studied the design and explanation of the appropriate model of human resource agility in government organizations of the Islamic Republic of Iran: a study of the Ministry of Interior. The present study is qualitative-quantitative and is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. Also, the findings of the present study have been done in the qualitative part according to the interviews with 32 experts and in the quantitative part by distributing questionnaires among 141 employees of the Ministry of Interior. Data analysis was performed in the qualitative part using Delphi analysis and in the quantitative part using structural equation modeling. The process of data analysis and statistical tests was performed through two softwares, SPSS and PLS. The results obtained from the qualitative section identified a wave of 7 dimensions and 35 indicators in the form of agility model in the Ministry of Interior and the results of the quantitative section show that organizational flexibility in both behavioral and skill dimensions has a significant effect on organizational agility. Also, operational flexibility does not have a significant effect on organizational agility.

Ethnic diversity in Iran is such that it can be referred to as a polyethnic society. Therefore, the political organization of space and the preparation of the land, the nature of laws from the theoretical and practical aspects, economic, cultural, social, political policies, etc. require a definition that spiritual integration is its final output. Based on internal and external written sources and descriptive-analytical method, assuming this, what opportunities and threats, as well as strengths and weaknesses, have the role of ethnic-linguistic components in Iran's geopolitical crises? Analytical explanation of the effective components of ethnic-linguistic components can create other geopolitical crises such as development crisis, geographic isolation crisis and participation crisis.Ethnic diversity in Iran is such that it can be referred to as a polyethnic society. Therefore, the political organization of space and the preparation of the land, the nature of laws from the theoretical and practical aspects, economic, cultural, social, political policies, etc. require a definition that spiritual integration is its final output. Based on internal and external written sources and descriptive-analytical method, assuming this, what opportunities and threats, as well as strengths and weaknesses, have the role of ethnic-linguistic components in Iran's geopolitical crises? Analytical explanation of the effective components of ethnic-linguistic components can create other geopolitical crises such as development crisis, geographic isolation crisis and participation crisis.

Belief and conviction are fundamental concepts and play a fundamental role in the behavior of people in every society and have a significant impact on the destiny of every nation. Mosul, the second largest city in Iraq, was attacked by ISIS, Mosul is located 400 kilometers from Baghdad. The Tigris River divides Mosul into two halves. The proximity of Mosul to the Turkish border from the north and Syria from the west doubles the importance of this city. Mosul was occupied by ISIS in 2013 with the help of regional and foreign military forces. As a result of destruction, the city changed its historical face. The petrified approach of ISIS and the support of Wahhabism in this event resulted in the destruction of the city of Mosul. Based on this research, belief, which is the foundation of religious and ethnic mentality, played a key and effective role in the process of building and destroying the city of Mosul. This research was done based on Max Weber's sociological theories and with the library method, computer site and news reports in a descriptive-analytical way.

Stock market crimes have common characteristics with economic crimes, and on the other hand, the reasons for committing them and the motives that lead to the occurrence of these crimes are subject to the system of economic crimes, on the one hand, and crimes specific to trade and business in The stock market, on the other hand, becomes In order to prevent the commission of stock market crimes, such as trades based on secret information, manipulation of prices and other related crimes, it is necessary for the stock exchange organization to take the tools and facilities for committing these crimes from potential criminals (measures of empowerment). On the other hand, increase the costs of committing stock market crimes in such a way that according to the cost-benefit theory, committing a crime seems costly for any accounting crime. Educating the victims and strengthening the purpose of the crime (enhancing measures) are other measures in this field. Statutory or non-criminal prevention in the form of drafting regulations and establishing preventive institutions is one of the most important tasks of the stock exchange organization in preventing stock market crimes. Criminal prevention is carried out in the form of criminal justice response to crime, to create a sense of deterrence in the perpetrators of the duties of the stock exchange organization, which is done in the form of reporting, complaining and announcing the crime and proceeding with the proceedings. In this article, an attempt has been made to address the most important tasks

Political geography and internationalization of higher education has become a necessary strategy for governments on the one hand in order to properly face the phenomenon of globalization and on the other hand due to its benefits in political, economic, cultural-social and scientific dimensions. . The purpose of this research is to evaluate the role of the higher education system of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the political geography and internationalization of science in the Islamic Republic. In terms of orientation, this research is based on conceptualization and with a qualitative approach and scientific and operational theoretical coding in the higher education system. In order to collect data from the descriptive-analytical method, using the analysis of the data collected in the library method. Finally, a summary of the results showed; The diversity of educational groups from scientific conditions, the anomalies of scientific institutions and the selective view of policymakers are among the interfering conditions of Iran's higher education system in different geographical regions of Iran, which lead to the creation of an evidence-based monitoring system in the policy-making process Existing weaknesses and threats are turned into potential opportunities.

Financing methods for the continuation of activity and the implementation of profitable projects are very effective in the process of growth of companies and cause the continuation of the life of companies in today's competitive world. so; The main purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the financing of a joint stock company on the purchase and development of shares. According to the main purpose of the research, the orientation of this research is practical. The statistical population of this research includes all the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period from 2013 to 2019, which was determined using a non-random method and according to the availability of information, including 120 companies, and using Eviews software, 10 were selected. In the first part, research hypotheses were investigated using descriptive statistics and panel data econometric method. All research variables are static at the I_0 level and there is a long relationship between the variables of the number of stock purchases, net cash from financing activities, net cash from issuing long-term debt, net cash from the sale of shares after deducting dividends paid. There is company size, company profitability, and company liquidity. Further, by using the Chau-Hasman test, it was determined that some of the research models are mixed with fixed effects and some are random effects. In the following, the hypotheses of the research were examined and the results obtained show that; The financing of a joint-stock company has an effect on the purchase and development of the stock market. The research findings also show that companies can obtain the financial resources they need from within (for example, from the place of accumulated profits), or from outside. provide the company (through issuing shares or bonds, borrowing from the banking system).

This research was carried out with the aim of designing a model for the selection of competent managers in order to fulfill the governance affairs of the government (case: Executive bodies of Kerman city). The research method was a qualitative type of thematic analysis. The experts of the study were the managers of executive bodies of Kerman city and members of the academic staff of Azad University. Experts were selected using selective and purposeful sampling method and data collection continued until reaching theoretical saturation. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was semi-structured interviews. Clark and Bran's six-step method was used to analyze the data. In short, the results showed that the model for the selection of managers in order to fulfill the governance affairs of the government in executive bodies consists of 551 codes, 26 basic themes and 6 main organizing themes. The components of the model include: selection (expertise related to the field of management, consultation with other managers and competent people and an experienced selection board), assessment and measurement (examination of individual characteristics, personal information, medical certificate, interview and written test according to the field) required), preparation of managers (gaining experience in a parallel post for a certain period, hierarchical and gradual selections, assignment from other organizations or cities, ability to learn and train), appropriate work history (checking qualifications, management skills, ability and power to do things related, managerial ability and expertise, personal research, work experience research and general background check), moral ability (accuracy, truthfulness,

The imbalance of the environment, due to the industrial destruction of nature, has caused the pollution of resources including water, soil and air. The existence of a common earth among the people of the world has created common interests for humans, which should achieve more coordination in this field every day. One of those coordinations is the coordination on the basis of civil liability caused by causing damages to the environment, which has many theoretical and practical benefits that are good in the existing relationship between the environment and the stability and continuity of human life. It shows and on it We want to examine the civil liability caused by environmental damage from the point of view of jurisprudence and domestic law. The topic of protecting the environment for human benefits and eliminating the destructive effects of industrial activities has become a serious issue in the modern world and has threatened humanity. To deal with this threat, it needs a decisive action by taking appropriate measures. The practical procedure of the courts of Iran is based on the responsibility based on fault, and as it should be, it is not responsible for all this pollution and destruction and compensation for the damage to the environment, so considering the need for special compensation. environmental damage and civil liability arising from it, which It has a special place in the science of law.

The importance of innovation in today's fast-paced and changing world is not hidden from anyone. Today, almost all the countries of the world are seeking to encourage and develop creativity and innovation as one of the main advantages for the survival of companies in order to increase productivity and improve the economic situation. One of the industries in which providing innovative products is one of the requirements of resilience in a competitive environment is the fast-moving products industry. The purpose of this research is the effective factors of the process model of the successful launch of innovative fast food products in Iran's dairy industry. Using the purposeful sampling approach, a total of ten people were selected as participants in the research. Using the quantitative-interpretive structural modeling approach, the effective factors model has been presented. The results showed need-oriented product development, market segmentation strategy, positioning strategy based on differentiation, competitive conditions, gaining competitive advantage, managing the organization from the lower and effective levels and creating value, increasing customer satisfaction, increasing market share, increasing customer loyalty. Improving the image of the company, economic analysis of the product have been influential variables.

The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Turkey (the Justice and Development Party period) has been influenced by the identity attitude towards the West in recent decades. identity; As a tool for making the foreign policy of both countries, it has had a significant impact on the formation of the concept of national interests. The definition of the leaders of Iran and Turkey from the West has been the basis for the definition of national interests. The basic question of this article is the comparison of the consequences of the way of looking at the West in the foreign policy of Iran and Turkey, and it has also been tried to make this comparison within the framework of the constructivist theory. The consequences of the identity attitude towards the West were compared in issues such as the transformation of discourse power into objective power, the continuity and discontinuity of international policies, the exploitation of geopolitical capacities, the level of development and the relationship between domestic and foreign policy. Therefore, Iran's national interests are based on identity and value-based achievements, and Turkey's national interests are based on economic priorities. Therefore, Iran's national interests are based on identity and value-based achievements, and Turkey's national interests are based on economic priorities.

Persuasion is a process that influences the mentality of people by resorting to reasoning and feeling in the form of verbal, non-verbal and media skills, often to change their behavior and force them to take a certain action. In other words, the conscious effort of a person or organization to change the attitude, belief, values or views of another person or group is called persuasion. In general, persuasion is the basic and ultimate goal of all communication behaviors. In terms of results, this research is considered part of developmental research because it seeks to explain the audience persuasion model in media organizations through the design of the model. In terms of its purpose, this research is an exploratory research. The methodology of this research is of a qualitative type, which often uses qualitative data using thematic analysis method. The results of the analysis of Saadi's speech show that the analysis of audience persuasion styles in Golestan Saadi, which was carried out with the aim of investigating the themes of persuasion and changing the audience's attitude, after extracting the text sentences and summarized sentences, sub-themes were categorized in the form of main themes. And from the present themes, finally, the audience persuasion model based on 19 persuasive components based on the words of effort has been obtained. In the present model, the recognition of the media audience and how to persuade its perception and recognition through the media have been discussed and investigated.

The increasing use of plants in the use of chemical drugs and their raw use in traditional treatment topics has caused the demand for medicinal plants to increase drastically in the world and has caused different countries in the world to invest, plan cultivation and production. A lot of medicinal plants act and this factor has made it impossible to supply medicinal plants naturally. Therefore, many of these plants must be cultivated in large fields. Among these medicinal plants is the yarrow plant, whose economic cultivation has helped to improve the agricultural economy of different regions, and with its medicinal use, it grows the health economy of the regions and leads to the creation of employment and reduction of unemployment and economic growth in becomes the national level, and this made the present research to evaluate the economic cost benefit and examine the profitability of the cultivation of this medicinal plant in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari region. The results of the research show that: Secondly, the present value of the net income of the activity is 54 billion Rials. The profitability index of the benefit-cost ratio was estimated at 3.36, the present value of the net income of the activity was 77 billion Rials and the benefit-cost ratio index was calculated at 3.5 units. Therefore, according to the positive profitability index of the net present value and the benefit-cost ratio greater than one in different interest rates, doing this business is economical.

This concept, the problematic hero, was first proposed in the 20th century by the Hungarian critic Georg Lukács and confirmed in a practical way by the Romanian critic Lucien Goldman. According to these two theorists, the contrast between literary and social structure has made literature a means of responding to social issues. The author of realist novels chooses his hero from his favorite environment and makes him a representative of the fellows of the society where he lives. The "problematic hero" in pursuit of qualitative and authentic human values in a ruined world and is marginalized by criticism of the society. The purpose of this article, which is based on the descriptive-analytical method, is to express the worldview of the "problematic hero" in the novel "Al-Thalj Yaati Man Al-Dinza" by Hana Mina and the effective factors in the creation of this type of hero; Since dealing with the story from a sociological perspective and with the approach of explaining issues such as the "problem hero" is considered one of the types of interdisciplinary criticism, it becomes necessary to research the works of Hana Mina, which has not been studied from this point of view. make The achievement of this article indicates that Fayyaz, with such characteristics as trying to correct social corruptions, reviving the true values, is clearly manifested as a "problematic hero". The "problematic hero"'s attempt to revive the society's ruined values, such as standing against the enemies' conspiracies, remains fruitless, and he is doomed to failure

The issue of power is the most important element in the world of politics, and what share of this power women have had in contemporary Iran, and how the ruling discourse of Iran during the Islamic Republic era has represented the division of labor in the political sphere, and whether the basis of the division of political labor is gender. is it or not.. For this purpose, by examining some of the official and important texts of the discourse of the Islamic Republic, this discourse has been analyzed and its constituent elements detailed. The political activities of women in Iran have started since the constitutional period and have continued their life with ups and downs. During the Pahlavi period, the political awareness of women in the society was very low and the participations were often related to certain classes and were ordered from above. There is a hypothesis that the traditional society of Iran became more aware and more self-confident following the growth of public education, that they were able to accompany a political revolution, and after that, women in the political body of the society sought to play political roles and challenge the order. Masculine political structures and power have been the main approach in this study is the determination of gender-political identities by the ruling discourses with a historical perspective on women's activity during the Islamic Republic, which of course shows the limited role of women in politics influenced by contemporary traditional patrimonialism.

The Internet and social networks, like many other phenomena, have positive and negative consequences, and by planning and raising the level of public awareness, we can take advantage of its positive effects and minimize the negative consequences. The rapid growth of technology and especially the ever-increasing progress in the fields of communication, satellites and the Internet has caused rapid changes in human societies and has had many positive and negative effects. In the meantime, the effects of the Internet and cyberspace in social relations are more than in other fields and have caused many changes and transformations. The purpose of writing this article is to examine the harmful activities of cyber space communication in Iran's legal system. Therefore, the structure of the article has been compiled in 8 sections and each section has several speeches. Also, the examples of harmful activities are specifically given, its components are analyzed and the civil responsibility resulting from it is described in the legal system of Iran.

This article aims to analyze the role of gender (women and men) in committing white collar crimes in Iran and Norway. According to Sutherland's definition, white-collar crime is a crime committed by people who are "respected and have social status." Studies clearly show that women are under-represented in official statistics related to certain types of organizational white-collar crime. However, what exactly creates such a pattern is worthy of reflection and interpretation. There are several possibilities in this regard. One interpretation is that because access to occupational and organizational positions is stratified by gender, women have fewer opportunities to commit certain types of white-collar crime; Especially those crimes that allow the offender to use the organization as a means to deceive and conspire against the victims. Therefore, the limited access to job positions explains why women are not accused among this type of white-collar criminals. This interpretation is based on the implicit assumption that if women have access to similar job and organizational positions, they will act like men. However, there is a possibility that women behave differently than men even if they have the same situations and opportunities. Maybe women are actually more law-abiding than men. Another possibility is that men and women commit crimes equally. But the criminal justice system

Undoubtedly, Iran's nuclear issue has been one of the most important issues in the history of foreign policy, and its importance in the last decade has caused Iran's domestic and foreign policy to be affected by it. The beginning of the nuclear crisis, from the Saad Abad statement to the JCPOA, left several strategies for Iran's elites, and this era should be evaluated in a context related to regional environments. Based on this, this article, with descriptive-analytical method based on library studies and mass media follow-up, tries to examine and analyze the model of nuclear crisis management in the government of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad on the regional policies of the Islamic Republic in Southwest Asia. The results of the present research show that the government of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's adoption of a confrontational policy in the nuclear issue was more a result of the personal beliefs and ideals of the ruling movement than it was subject to the currents and patterns of behavior governing the world system and the geopolitical realities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The management of the nuclear crisis, the regional policies of the Islamic Republic also faced fundamental challenges.

Determining issues and problems by political units can help them in negative and positive exploitations. After the collapse of the bipolar system and the defeat of Saddam from the coalition forces in 1991 and the fall of the Baath government in 2003, the issue of Iraqi Kurdistan emerged as an active political geography phenomenon in the region and the world; which caused the formation of the self-governing government in northern Iraq; However, the implementation of this plan has internal and external consequences, which is the subject of this research. The conflicting and non-transparent policies of Kurdistan parties with the central government in the economic and security fields and excessive alignment with Turkey have caused a crisis and dissatisfaction of other parties in the Kurdistan region, and these conditions have led to the balance of power among political currents with regard to The common historical background, the patriotic union to be closer to Iran as a regional power. This research has analyzed and explained the internal and external crises of the Kurdistan climate by using the descriptive-analytical method and library-internet and documentary sources. The results of the research show that the results showed that the Kurdistan Regional Government is facing many internal and external challenges.

The present study has been done by examining the important options of economic and physical indicators of rural areas of Kermanshah city in order to analyze and evaluate the quality of life of villagers. The purpose of this article is the effect of quality of life indicators from the perspective of villagers with a modeling and structural equation approach. The present research is applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research in nature. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample of 350 heads of households was determined. These numbers were selected by simple random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results obtained from the study show that the level of satisfaction with the quality of life of villagers in Kermanshah is not in good condition; Because according to economic indicators, the coefficient of having a suitable income, meeting the basic needs of life, the employment situation in rural areas has been unsuitable. Regarding the quality level of infrastructure, the ratio of electricity, telephone and radio and television antennas is in favorable condition and other indicators such as access to communication, access to safe drinking water, fuel distribution station and access to financial and credit services Poorly rated. And other indicators such as resistance to natural hazards, use of resistant materials, aesthetic shape and form, separation of livestock, waste collection methods, have not been favorable conditions.

The urbanization system and its rapid trend in developing countries has led to widespread influx into cities and the emergence of suburbanization in cities. Numerous studies have been conducted on the issue of informal settlement in Madarshahr from different dimensions, but unfortunately this issue has been forgotten in intercity cities and other small towns. The incurable pain of the affected metropolises and they will drown in the vortex of the suburban storm. The research method is field survey method. The method of data collection (field (questionnaire, interview, observation) is Imi Library. SPSS software was used to analyze the results of the questionnaire as well as documentary information. Taken.The city of Marand, as a growing middle city and the third largest city in East Azarbaijan province, is facing unbalanced urban growth in the form of marginalization and physical, economic and social problems. Therefore, forgetting this city in order to prevent the rapid growth of this phenomenon before treatment, will suffer the same pain over time, in which the mother city of Tabriz is trapped, which has left neither a way nor a way forward for urban planners.The results of the study indicate that the growth trend of suburbanization in this city is expanding day by day and will have unfavorable consequences for urban planners. Therefore, if this issue is not addressed, Marand city will face a challenge like Madarshahr. Your neighbor will suffer.

Tourism has a significant impact on the economic, social, and political dimensions of a country; it creates employment and stimulates economic capital. Many experts believe that the growth or recession of this industry in any country is largely due to the domestic and foreign policies of the government. With this introduction, the present research aims to improve the process of attracting tourists to Iran in the1404  vision, with an emphasis on the role of foreign policy. This research is applied and was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods. The data collection method in this research is based on library and field studies (questionnaires). The research population consists of experts in the field of tourism and foreign policy, and a sample size of 50 people was estimated. Data analysis was performed using the average test and one-sample t-test method in SPSS software and the numerical taxonomy model in MATLAB software. The results of the research show that cultural, political, and development policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran's 1404vision in the field of tourism are less effective, and economic policies have no significant impact on the success of tourism.