نشریه بهداری رزمی دفاع مقدس و مقاومت
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 7، بهار و تابستان 1400)

Social health is one of the dimensions of health. One of the intrinsic duties of the health system is to provide the necessary basis for improving the quality of life of individuals and developing social health indexes. This issue causes social security feeling that is necessary for sustainable national security. The aim of the current study is to explain the relationship between social health and sustainable national security.

A library study was performed by reviewing scientific documents using the study keywords.

"Lack of poverty"; "lack of violence"; "controlled population growth"; "judicial justice (equality before the law)"; "human rights"; "free public education"; "public access to health services"; "security"; "freedom of opinion"; "feeling satisfied with life"; "insurance coverage"; "equitable distribution of income"; "employment and lack of unemployment"; "ethnic-racial and regional nondiscrimination"; "democracy" and "government legitimacy and democratic oversight of government" are components of social health.

The relation between social health with national security and social security is similar to the relation between blood circulation in the heart. Social health is related to social security and, consequently, national security and its sustainability. Sustainable security is culturally centered social security. This concept's definitive requirement is social security, which is rooted in social health.

Induced demand refers to performing care or unnecessary services to patients or clients of the health system by applying power and ordering the specialists of the system. Induced demand arises as a result of various economic and structural factors, health market factors, and the behavior of service recipients and vendors. In our country, induced demand is one of the challenges of the health system; it increases the costs of the health sector and reduces its efficiency. One of the main challenges in the health system is the lack of causes of problems such as induced demand and its underlying factors. Explaining and analyzing this phenomenon can provide a clear perspective for decision-making. According to general health policies, prevention of induced demand for medicine and medical equipment and supplies is the responsibility of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, but practical activities have not been done yet. Despite the need for national applied research, we found a few credible databases about this phenomenon and there were limited researches that do not answer the questions and challenges in basic decisions. The aim of this study was to explain the strategies to reduce induced demand in the country's health services.

This study was done by searching credible scientific and international references with the keyword "induced demand" and reviewing the available upstream documents, collected information on the definitions of induced demand and its effective causes, induced demand methods in medical services, challenges and how to control it. An expert panel was held with 23 specialist and national experts. Findings were collected and completed and analyzed qualitatively.

According to the findings, induced demand is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon that impairs the efficiency and allocation of national resources. In addition to upsetting the balance of supply and demand in the health market, it imposes additional costs on the patient and wastes time. This phenomenon sometimes leads to treatment and misdiagnosis and medical complications for health system client. Structural (causes related to organizational structure and service delivery, service recipients, and causes arising from insurance organizations) and social causes underlie the macro causes affecting induced demand.

Induced demand is the result of the interaction of individual, social and organizational factors that have social, health, and economic consequences for the community and can be prevented by using multiple strategies to prevent induced demand in health services.

The purpose of this article is to explain the legal status and study the guiding role and expression of the performance of the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the Iraq-Iran war in the period 1359 to 1367 AH (1980-1988). The researcher intends to use theoretical and practical knowledge to explain the position, performance and valuable and exceptional experiences of this relief and non-profit organization during the war. The method of historical research and according to the subject, goals and time is based on intuitive-documentary study, books, articles, documents, statistics, reports of relevant devices and also personal experiences of the author, have been used to collect information. The mission of the International Committee of the Red Cross and international treaties are the basis for the legal status of the population charter. In order to play an effective role in the war, the performance and effective presence of this population have been examined from various aspects of support and spirituality at the domestic and international levels, and finally the top activities have been identified and explained as much as possible. In terms of innovation, this research is one of the few studies on the status, role and performance of the Red Crescent Society in the Iraq-Iran war, so as an effective step in this direction can be considered by the scientific community and relevant managers.

In addition to undergoing classical pharmacy training, military pharmacists have acquired capabilities that enable them to perform their assigned responsibilities well in operational situations and crises. Today, military pharmacists are an integral part of the world's armies. Due to their mastery of pharmaceutical services, military pharmacists are able to easily manage pharmaceutical affairs in operational areas or crises and determine and monitor the priorities of pharmaceutical services in operational or crisis areas.

This study was conducted using the method of reviewing and analyzing the content of the published papers.

The main task of pharmacists in military operations and crises is to monitor the supply chain of medicines and provide pharmaceutical services. Military pharmacists have a duty to ensure that the required medicines are available in the operating scene, timely transfer of required drugs, and proper storage including maintaining a cold chain for specific medicines, as well as monitoring the proper return of unused medicines to warehouses after the operation.

The main difference between military and civilian pharmacists is their presence in military operations. Military pharmacists have a duty to ensure that the medicines needed by the operational forces are present in the operational fields.

A transparent and realistic representation of the self-sacrifice and martyrdom culture requires identifying and rooting out harms and providing appropriate solutions to prevent or correct them. The aim of this study is to introduce the factors and barriers to promoting the self-sacrifice and martyrdom culture and to achieve the worthiest approach to preventing and correcting the threatening anomalies of the pure culture.

This part of the study is a qualitative and documentary analysis and has been done by searching reliable internal sources.

In a comprehensive review, four macro factors including "cultural", "economic", "political", and "international", and four specific factors including "strategic and policy-making", "environmental-social", "managerial and executive", and "promotion methods" were selected for this part of the study, and the damages related to each factor were identified.

The generalization of the humanizing culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom to the general culture, educational, training, scientific, and administrative system of the country will be possible through honoring the memory of the martyrs and the epic of their stability and self-sacrifice and identifying, preventing and solving problems, challenges, and obstacles of this genuine culture.

Due to the generality of existing bibliographies in various fields of science and the need to address specialized topics in the field of bibliography, the purpose of this study is to determine the publication statistics of sources that have dealt with the historical aspect of "martial medicine" in the post-revolutionary period.

For this purpose, by library research method, the database of the National Library of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the site of reputable publishers and etc. were examined. Then, the data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics.

After processing the data, the following results were obtained: A total of 105 sources (51 book titles, 42 article titles and 12 book chapters) have been written in the field of martial medicine. The most book publishing (6 titles) was in 1398, in 1397 and 1398 the most articles were written in 8 titles and the most book publishing place belonged to Tehran with 33 titles and then Mashhad with 5 titles.

Although relatively interesting statistics were obtained on research related to the historiography of martial medicine during the time of the Holy Defense, this study showed that in some areas there is still fragmentation and fragmentation. From a terminological point of view, there is still no single text and standard for the use of keywords and this issue requires terminological studies and research. There is still no single database for introducing data and historiographical achievements in the field of sacred defense martial medicine, and important and influential sections in this field have not yet been statistically reviewed and initially introduced.

The Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, simultaneously with the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran, have taken extensive and effective measures to control the disease and manage the consequences of this pandemic. This study aims to identify and categorize the dimensions of management and leadership of the armed forces to identify less introduced measures and efforts. The results of this study can be used as a practical and generalizable framework for crisis management efficiency in Iran and other armed forces worldwide.

The current qualitative study was performed by the document analysis method. First, all available documents and articles related to the management and management of COVID-19 were identified by reviewing electronic sources. All related multimedia files including audio, text, and video were also searched and collected by searching the Internet and referring to websites and databases with keywords based on the above criteria in the period March 2017 to October 1400. The selection of documents was purposeful and took into account the four criteria of JUPP. After the multi-stage screening, 75 documents were finally selected and analyzed after coding.

The response and actions of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran and other major countries involved, as well as the dimensions of effective management and leadership to counter the coronavirus pandemic, were identified and recorded in 22 fields.

The Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, considering the use of extensive capacities in the field of management and leadership, based on the experiences of the time of Iran - Iraq war, principles of organizational management and military leadership, and especially modeling and obeying the orders of the Supreme Command Such as strategy adoption, the flexibility of hierarchy, planning, and coordination, communication, freedom of action, trust, innovation in times of crisis, training and empowerment, the necessity of patience, religious and human motivations, teamwork, ... and also using medical and hospital facilities, it has been able to respond appropriately to the needs of patients caused by the corona epidemic and to contribute significantly to the health and treatment system of the country. These measures include: establishing a convalescent home, establishment of fixed and mobile hospitals, producing masks and disinfectants, screening plans, outpatient centers, traffic restrictions, designing a corona diagnostic test kit, establishing public vaccination centers, telephone counseling services, etc.

Chest injuries account for nearly a quarter of all deaths from trauma - after head and neck injuries. Although rapid and immediate interventions at the scene of the accident are generally necessary, the importance of time at the scene of the accident should always be considered as one of the priorities in transferring the injured to higher hospital levels. Generally, pre-hospital management and transfer in the case of war victims may be somewhat different from urban injuries, because the type and severity of injuries are different and significant.

Case Report: 

A 34-year-old combatant was shot following his activities in the war zone and was taken to the field hospital within half an hour after the injury. He had been shot in the left side of the body, which penetrated the right side of the chest. At the time of his visit, the victim was conscious and speaking, complaining of abdominal pain and shortness of breath.

Since many cases of pneumothorax have a traumatic origin, special attention is needed in the diagnosis of simple or tension pneumothorax; especially in the manner of chest injuries. This may be done in an urban trauma with a more regular assessment than in combat situations. However, bullet-induced chest trauma is much more difficult and therefore more important in a crowded, stressful, and life-threatening condition on the battlefield.

Damage prevention is always considered the first step. The use of personal protection equipment (PPE) such as bulletproof vests could be somewhat preventive. In case of chest injuries, special chest wound dressing adhesives and especially asherman chest seals could be useful.