نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی
پیاپی 13 (بهار 1402)

The urban environment is a dynamic collaboration of various organizations working together to achieve multiple goals through an unpredictable process of negotiation and mutual demand adjustment. Given that one of the key strategic challenges facing urban organizations is the influence wielded by groups capable of imposing constraints on them, strategic planning should encompass not only the development of a competitive advantage and value creation strategy but also a legitimacy strategy. This legitimacy strategy should be aimed at justifying the organization's actions through a political bargaining process with other city institutions. The current study aims to investigate and prioritize the influential factors of power in shaping strategic thinking of urban management in Khorramabad city. This research follows an applied approach in terms of its objectives and employs a descriptive survey methodology. The research variables encompass the components of power that impact strategic thinking, identified and ranked using the Delphi method and the TOPSIS model. The study's target population includes urban management specialists and experts from Khorramabad, comprising academic scholars, executive managers, and strategy design and implementation consultants, totaling 14 individuals. In the initial stage, examining strategic thinking models, city power theories, and extensive expert consultations identified ten key components. Subsequently, the Delphi method was employed across three rounds to refine these components through expert opinions. In the final step, the TOPSIS method was applied to establish a ranking among these components. The analysis outcomes revealed that the primary influential components of power in urban management's strategic thinking include the power sources of urban organizations, the motivational dynamics of stakeholders, and the patterns of interaction among key stakeholders within the urban power landscape.

The fabric of the historical centers of Iranian cities along with its physical and semantic works, represents the attractiveness, distinctiveness and unique characteristics of the city's location, history and culture. This is while these valuable and identity -giving pillars in the cities are facing many problems in physical, social, economic, cultural, etc. dimensions, and ignoring the problems of these tissues due to the passage of time and the long life of its valuable buildings. It can lead to the destruction of the culture and identity of a society. The historical and central fabric of Hamedan city as one of the old and civilized cities of the country due to the conflict between the past and modern functions, has suffered from limitations in infrastructure and physical capacity in the fabric and has created heterogeneous relationships between its functional content and physical structure. . In this regard, the aim of the current research is to identify and determine the physical limits of the historical fabric and the central core of the city. The study method is analytical -descriptive and based on map information (1956) and using the expert opinions of research experts, four options were presented for the scope of the historical context of the city. Next, using the Delphi method, the indicators for determining the appropriate physical range were extracted and the proposed ranges were prioritized using the hierarchical method (AHP). Based on the findings of the research and the analysis of the proposed options based on the indicators, the first option (the central ring of the city) with a score of 1.29, received the highest percentage of desirability as the physical area of the historical context of Hamedan city.

Urban resilience refers to the ability of an urban system on a temporal and spatial scale to maintain or quickly return to the desired past functions. Today, one of the major issues and problems that most megacities of the world are dealing with is natural hazards that always threaten human settlements and human lives and can cause losses and casualties in a short period of time. Leave a very wide space. In this regard, the present study was compiled with the aim of evaluating the dimensions of urban resilience against natural hazards in Khorram Abad city. The current research is an analytical research in terms of its purpose, application, and in terms of the method of data collection, and in terms of its implementation, it is a survey type, and in terms of the research method, it is of a quantitative type. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software, combined models (FARAS + FKOPRAS) and FBMW were used. The results of the sample T - Tech test in the dimensions (economic, social, physical -environmental, institutional -organizational) showed that the state of urban resilience in Khorramabad is weak, and based on the combined models (Aras Fazi and Cooperas Fazi), the social dimension with a weight of 34.00, the highest level of resilience and the institutional -organizational dimension with a weight of 30.00), the lowest level of resilience in Khorram Abad city against floods. Have given In the following, based on BMW's fuzzy model, in the economic dimension, the subject of planning in order not to cause damage to household appliances with a weight value of 0.043, the maximum amount of resilience, in the social dimension, the subjects of education. Against risk preparation, awareness and knowledge with a weight value of 0.040, the highest level of resilience; In the institutional -organizational dimension, the issue of the state of awareness of urban residents when facing the flood crisis with a weight of 0.027, and in the physical -environmental dimension, the item of building density with a value of 0.031, has the highest level of resilience. Have given.

Urban spaces are parts of the urban fabric that the general public has physical and visual access to, and it is considered a platform for human activities and establishing social interactions. Wide use of space for social activities shows the success of urban spaces. Patterns of space use, including patterns of pause and movement of users, are factors that determine the efficiency of these spaces. Considering the importance of this topic, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the perceptual -behavioral patterns of users in the public spaces of Panj district of Tehran by using the method of space layout and depth map software was used to achieve this goal. For this purpose, a series of analyzes of the importance of structure and interconnection was carried out at the level of five regions, and the three components of connection, integrity, depth and the degree of their relationship were examined according to the scale of the area. According to the relatively checkerboard structure of the study area, the main thoroughfares, which have an arterial role, had the greatest potential in terms of the connecting quality of the spaces. The lowest amount was related to residential complexes in the west of the region. The highest degree of connection was related to the center of the region to the south of the region. The western and northern parts of the region had greater spatial depth. The topography of the northern regions has affected the form of the accesses and has caused the greater spatial depth of these regions compared to the southern regions of the region. Among the other results of this research, there is a relatively logical relationship between the two indicators of interlinking and index connection, and as a result, the degree of perception of these indicators (R2=0.16). That is, generally, with the increase of connection, the interconnection of the spaces of zone five increases. Therefore, the simultaneous analysis of these two indicators in the targeted spaces of Region 5 has the greatest affinity with the analysis of the qualities affecting public spaces .

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the futures of post -Covid -19 urban management paradigm with emphasis on urban resilience in Tehran metropolis. For this purpose, macrotrends and interactions between them were analyzed and ranked. In terms of purpose and nature, this is a developmental -applied and a descriptive -analytical research, respectively. In this study, first, reviewing the theoretical literature, and next, using the opinions of experts (n=40) through Delphi technique, the most important macrotrends were extracted. MICMAC software was used to analyze the cross effects of macrotrends and determine direct and indirect influence and effect of each macrotrend. A total of 74 macrotrends were identified in 8 general dimensions (urban economy, social, environmental and urban environment, physical and urban infrastructure, management and urban institutions, urban security, politics and rule, individual -psychological) that a total of 5402 cases of interactions between macrotrends were rated as cross effects. According to the outcome of Cross -Impact Matrix (CIM) and Matrix of Direct Influence (MDI), among the macrotrends along with resilience management of Tehran metropolis after COVID -19 pandemic, in management, social -participatory and economic foundations terms, the integrated urban management, participation of citizens and public institutions to deal with crisis, inflation rate, level of citizens' trust in urban authorities and managers, increasing investments in Tehran metropolis (domestic and foreign investments) to re -build spaces and urban infrastructure, paying attention to and increasing research and development expenditure of knowledge -based businesses, electronic -city infrastructure, accountability of urban managers for their managerial functions, slum dwelling and organizing it, housing accessibility (purchase or rent), migration (elites, physicians, specialists, etc.) had the most influence, respectively . According to the calculations, there were 15 influential, 5 planar, 6 influenced, 8 independent and 40 regulatory macrotrends. Based on the analysis on the type of macrotrends distribution and direct influence of macrotrends on each other, the resilience system of Tehran is unstable and future scenarios for resilience of Tehran metropolis should be considered based on key basic factors .

In recent decades, paying attention to worn out and inefficient areas, whose main cause of wear and tear is economic decline, has become important because the wear and tear of urban areas has a direct effect on cultural, economic and social issues. In this regard, the current research seeks to identify economic factors that are effective in facilitating regeneration in worn -out areas, so that by achieving an economic stimulus model, steps can be taken in the direction of revitalizing worn -out and inefficient areas. This research, which is applied research, is based on library studies, observation and field observations and has been prepared by descriptive -analytical method. The study area is the dilapidated and inefficient fabric of the central part of Zanjan city, which has an area of 492 hectares and has been noticed by managers and officials of urban restoration and regeneration. In the research process, after examining the economic criteria affecting the regeneration process in inefficient contexts, 5 criteria of "economic value", "investment", "economic activities within the context", "branding" and "providing the necessary financial resources" with 12 components It was identified as effective economic criteria in facilitating the regeneration of worn out and ineffective tissue. These criteria, while adapting to the conditions of the scope of the research study, were examined using the fuzzy Delphi technique in two stages, and finally, in the process of performing the fuzzy Delphi technique, 5 criteria and 10 components out of the 12 mentioned components were found to be effective economic criteria in facilitating the regeneration of worn tissue. and inefficient in the central part of Zanjan city were determined and confirmed. The ranking these criterias by the method of hierarchical analysis shows the importance of the role of each of the effective criteria in facilitating the regeneration of the central tissue of Zanjan; which are: first rank: providing financial resources, second rank: economic activities within the context, third rank: investment in the region, fourth rank: brand construction in the region and the fifth rank: the economic value of the region. The results of this research, which can be generalized to the marginal inefficient areas of Zanjan city, can be an important step in the implementation of urban regeneration policies and urban revitalization programs. Although all these things require detailed, comprehensive and realistic planning.

This study emphasizes the pivotal role of sustainable tourism, especially geotourism, in both economic growth and environmental preservation. With many geotourism attractions, Dehglan has the potential to provide solutions for employment and infrastructure challenges and exploit its natural beauty as an outstanding geotourism destination. However, previous research in this field has been limited, which makes this study's scientific assessment of the potential of geotourism. The objectives of the research include evaluating the potential of geotourism through Kubalíková and Comanescu evaluation models and providing a strategic framework for the development of geotourism in Dehglan. The research approach is a descriptive -analytical approach that includes library research and specialized surveys. This study first creates a theoretical framework through literature review and then conducts a survey with 12 experts; Experts evaluate geotourism attractions using Kubalikova and Comanescu models and provide insights through semi -structured interviews. The results show that "Shida Mountain" and "SormehLi Mountain" are prominent geotourism attractions in Dehgolan city, whose cultural, historical and religious narratives have significantly influenced their attractiveness. The holistic geotourism development approach is the integration of natural and cultural elements while addressing the challenges and opportunities among the issues emphasized in this study. This study pioneers a comprehensive assessment of geotourism and strategic planning in Dehgolan Countyand provides innovative insights for researchers and policy makers. This emphasizes the importance of holistic development, infrastructure improvement, effective marketing and sustainable practices. This research serves as a road map for the sustainable growth of geotourism in Dehglan and sets a standard for future geotourism efforts in this region.

Today, if we do not have the awareness and readiness to deal with natural and human disasters, it can cause irreparable damage to citizens. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the dimensions of urban resilience in the five regions of Urmia. The present article is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive -analytical in nature. Data collection was done in two forms: documentary and field survey. The statistical population of this study is the residents of 5 Regions of Urmia and using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 384 has been obtained which has been randomly distributed in the area. In this study, the independent variable of urban resilience and related variables include social and cultural, economic, environmental, physical and institutional dimensions. Data were analyzed quantitatively using statistical methods such as one -sample t -test, Kruskal -Wallis and Spearman correlation. The results of this study show that the dimensions of urban resilience in region one are above average, in region two below average, in region three above average, in region four at average. Finally, in the region, five social and cultural, economic, environmental and physical dimensions are above the average level and the institutional dimension is at the average level. In general, the rate of urban resilience in the five regions of Urmia is above average. The results of ranking the regions show that region one is ranked first and region two is ranked fifth. There is also a significant direct relationship between dependent and independent variables .

Landslides is considered as one of the major natural hazards in mountainous areas. Identifying the effective factors in the occurrence of landslides in a basin and zoning its risk is one of the basic tools to achieve solutions to control this phenomenon and select the most appropriate and practical management option. The present study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the occurrence of landslides and its zoning using the LIM model. For this purpose, after obtaining the weight of each of the factor maps and the weight column of each unit (including: altitude, slope, slope direction, drainage density, distance from the river, distance from the road, lithological units, distance from the fault, Vegetation, land use, annual rainfall and soil hydrological groups) The final weight and landslide zining map was obtained using a model from the algebraic sum of the 11 factor layers. According to the results, arounf 34 % of the study area located in the range of high to very high risk, around 41 % in the range of low to very low potential risk, and the rest in the range of medium potential of landslide occurrence. The results of the maximum values obtaned for the final weight of different variables indiated that slope, distance from the road, land use, vegetation, height, lithology, distance from the river, rainfall, soil hydrological group, slope direction and the distance from the fault have the most to the least influence on the occurrence of landslides in the studied region, respectively. In general, the research results can provide useful information to planners in various sectors, including agriculture, industry, environment, etc.

Vegetation is one of the most important components of the ecological life of the environment due to its great impact on various ecosystems and also due to its direct impact on human livelihood and life, is a fundamental and important factor. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate vegetation changes in the central Zagros using satellite numerical data. In this regard, vegetation data of MODIS sensor with a spatial resolution of 250 m in the period 2001 to 2018 were obtained. These data were analyzed using Python coding language in relation to topographic measurements of height, the amount and slope direction by moving window raster processing method and cell -to -cell analysis method. The results showed that the maximum vegetation density in the central Zagros is observed in April to June and its minimum in January. The heights of the central Zagros show the highest rate of vegetation index in spring and the lowest rate in the winter. The maximum value of vegetation index occurs at an altitude of 1500 m. Vegetation index in the central Zagros has an upward trend up to a slope of 95% and then decreases slowly. The minimum vegetation index rate is observed in the southern direction from 150° - 200° of North azimuth and its maximum in the North direction is from 300° - 360° of North azimuth. The maximum vegetation altitude (M.V.A) descends to lower altitudes in cold months and ascends to higher altitudes in the warm months of the year. In general, the trend of changes in vegetation index shows an increase in vegetation index in this mountainous unit.

The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the impact of social capital on the development of health tourism with the mediating role of the feeling of public safety. The current research is of applied type. The research method is descriptive -analytical. The statistical population of the study includes specialists and experts in the field of health tourism in Lorestan province in the number of 62 people, and the sample number was determined by the total census method. The research tool consists of a 55 -question questionnaire, which consists of 15, 15 and 25 questions in three main parts: sense of security, social capital and health tourism. The validity of the questionnaire was based on form and content, and the reliability of the whole questionnaire was confirmed based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.81. The collected data were analyzed based on structural equation analysis in PLS software. The results indicated that, in general, social capital had an effect on the development of health tourism with the mediating role of public safety feeling, and according to this, social capital had an effect on health tourism, social capital had an effect on public safety feeling, and public safety feeling had an effect on health tourism. Based on this, taking advantage of the participation of local people in the development of health tourism in Lorestan province, while creating public trust, becomes the basis for increasing social capital and ultimately security.

With the beginning of modernization in Iran, whose more objective effects appeared in the cities from the beginning of the Pahlavi regime, the historical neighborhoods that had shown their dynamism and stability over time began to decline, and the new context, which mainly gradually developed around the sector from the forties It has been built historically, in these contexts, many of the characteristics of historical neighborhoods have not been formed, thus the historical and new neighborhoods in Gorgan city have faced changes and challenges in terms of sustainability, which should be recognized. In the current research, looking at the category of neighborhood stability, its different dimensions and the level of neighborhood stability in 8 neighborhoods of Gorgan city were investigated. According to the nature of the research, the research questions and objectives, the present research method is descriptive -analytical and consists of two phases. In the first phase of the research, the spatial expansion process of Gorgan city during the last 45 years was investigated, for this purpose, satellite images were used. was discussed and at this stage the models VIKOR, SAW and Capeland technique were used, the results of the research findings showed that in the 45 -year period of time, Gorgan city has faced a lot of urban expansion and new neighborhoods in the form of additional neighborhoods and settlements and development plans A city was formed. Among the indicators of economic, physical, environmental and social stability, the old neighborhoods of Gorgan city do not have their previous stability; And the formation of new and unplanned neighborhoods and the integration of villages in the city of Gorgan, including Ozineh, Anjirab, and New Gorgan in the years after the revolution, shows that these neighborhoods were only a place for the lower strata of society to live, and it is a sign of the function and identity of the neighborhood and the stability of the neighborhood in them. It is not visible.