نشریه اقتصاد توسعه و برنامه ریزی
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

In the present study, the impact of positive and negative shocks of oil revenues, inflation and exchange rate in different economic growth states on the efficiency of the banking network using threshold structural vector autoregression model in the period of 1398:4-1387:1 It was discussed seasonally, according to the results, the effect of a positive shock to oil revenues in economic recession and boom is similar to the efficiency of the banking network, and it had a positive effect in the short term and a negative effect in the medium term. But the effect of positive shock to inflation and exchange rate on banking efficiency depends on different regimes of economic growth. The positive shock of inflation in the recession has had a negative effect in the short term and a positive effect in the medium term on the efficiency of the banking network. In the conditions of prosperity, inflation has had a positive effect on the efficiency of the banking network in the short and medium term. The positive shock of the exchange rate in recessionary conditions has only a short-term negative effect on the efficiency of the banking network, but in the conditions of prosperity, the positive shock of the exchange rate has a positive effect on the efficiency of the banking network in the short term and a negative effect on the efficiency of the banking network in the medium term.

Reducing infant mortality is known as one of the goals of development and an as the indicator of health. One of the factors affecting health in countries with natural resources such as oil is economic dependence on natural resources. It is stated in this way that at first the income from the sale of natural resources can have a positive effect on health, and with the increase in rent resulting from that, the state of institutional quality has weakened, leading to an increase in income inequality and a decrease in gross domestic product, and therefore has a negative effect on health. . Therefore, this study investigates the effect of oil rent on infant mortality using Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach with (ARDL) to investigate the effect of oil rent on infant mortality according to institutional quality and income inequality index during the period 1984 to 2021. The estimation results showed that the oil rent had a U-shaped effect on the infant mortality index in the long term. But this relationship has not been confirmed for the short term. The effect of democracy, GDP and urbanization on infant mortality has been negative in the long term, and the effect of the Gini coefficient on this indicator has been positive in the long and short term. The effect of the corruption control index on infant mortality has had a positive effect in the short term, which confirms the theory of economic wheel greasers.

Public transportation system plays an important role in economic growth and urban development, including reducing transportation costs and increasing efficiency. To increase the share of public transportation systems in urban travel, measures need to be taken to improve their management and increase their efficiency. In this regard, the most important step in planning for this area is to revise or redefine the routes of the network lines. This process is known as a strategic step in managing long-term programs for the network. Given the growing trend of urbanization in large cities and the need for reliable and efficient public transportation, optimizing and improving the performance of public transportation networks is of great importance. Efficient planning and operation of transportation systems require accurate estimation of passenger waiting times. In this article, using a queuing system, simulation and optimization of urban public transportation system have been investigated with a case study of the Isfahan Bus Company in order to reduce waiting times at bus stops. In this study, first, the current performance of Isfahan's public transportation network was examined using simulation, and then by making changes to the network and various parameters, optimal solutions for reducing waiting times were proposed. The results of the simulation of Isfahan's bus transportation system show that significant improvements in the performance of the public transportation network can be achieved by making corrective changes to the structure and scheduling of the buses.

Distribution of income and wealth is one of the problems and issues that exist in developing countries. This research aims to identify the factors affecting income distribution in the group of Islamic countries of Iran, Malaysia, Egypt, Algeria and Turkey during the period of 2004-2017 using panel data method. The results of Limer's F test showed that it is a panel model at a probability level of less than 0.05.In this regard, the results of the Hausman test indicate the randomness of cross-sectional effects. The estimation results of the model indicate that the logarithm of the GDP with a coefficient of 0.14, the logarithm of the price index with a coefficient of 0.07 and the logarithm of the population with a coefficient of 0.43 have a positive and significant effect on the Gini coefficient.The positive relationship between GDP and the Gini coefficient indicates the necessity of income redistribution mechanism. Considering the positive effect of inflation on the Gini coefficient, it is better to apply appropriate monetary policies to reduce inflation in the countries under review.

One of the most important topics that organizations are currently facing is the effective and efficient management of the supply chain. The main objective of this research is to rank contractors using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method. Firstly, existing frameworks for developing supply chain strategies are analyzed. Then this process is implemented to select the appropriate supplier in a case study. In this study, information on four criteria for evaluating contractors and information from three contractor companies is collected through interviews with experienced professionals. The contractor evaluation method in this research is performed by pairwise comparison of contractors, considering each criterion and its weight. Using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process algorithm, relevant calculations are performed, and contractor companies are ranked. As a result, the best contractor is introduced to the company. This method can be used to improve supply chain management and enhance the quality and efficiency of supplier selection processes. Additionally, this method helps organizations make better decisions in the contractor selection process and achieve significant improvements in their supply chain performance.

Achieving sustainable economic growth requires a lot of investment in infrastructure to increase production capacity and revenue. These investments include not only physical investment, but also human investment, research and innovation, education, health and labor migration. Thus, one of the most important factors affecting economic growth, in addition to labor and physical capital, is human capital.This article examines the causal relationship between education, health, and economic growth in 12 developing countries during 1983 - 2020. For this purpose, using Granger's causality method for panel data, the causality relationship between these three variables is examined in the short -run. In order to estimate the long-run relationship, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method is also used. The results indicate that in the long-run, there is a two-way causal relationship between the economic growth index and the health index, as well as a two-way causal relationship between the health index and the education index. However, there was no causal relationship between education and economic growth in the long- run, although in the short -run there was only one causal relationship between economic growth and the education index.

One of the important economic goals of governments is to achieve the growth of national income and fair distribution of income. In meeting these goals, governments should use financial policy tools such as; Current and construction expenditures should be used for fair distribution of income and control of extreme fluctuations in per capita incomes and ultimately the growth of national income. In this research, the aim of this research is to investigate the impact of current expenditures and construction expenditures of the government on the growth of national income and the Gini coefficient in Iraq, and the VAR method has been used in the returns from 2006 to 2021. The results of the research indicated that; The impact of government current expenditures and government construction expenditures have had a positive and significant impact on the growth of Iraq's national income, but only government construction expenditures have had a positive and significant impact on the income distribution index (Gini coefficient). The results of the variance analysis of the research models show that the greatest impact on the growth of national income and the Gini coefficient is from the side, respectively; economic growth and oil income, and the lowest impact on the two variables of national income growth and the Gini coefficient is related to government construction costs. Therefore, the planners in the country should pay attention that, for the economic growth of this country, the redistribution policies of the oil income of this country should be chosen in principle and optimally.

Financial crime is one of the major challenges of the legal and judicial systems of the world today, and the experiences of countries show the fact that the application of punitive punishments and strict strategies have not been very successful in curbing such crimes. Criminologists consider preventive approaches to be more effective, and among these approaches is a happy economy, which includes components such as life expectancy, GDP, sustainable development, income, job, education, and the like. This method is based on the premise that financial criminals can be prevented by curbing economic problems and improving people's income and livelihood and strengthening people's mental well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the happiness economy mechanism in the prevention of financial delinquency. The research method is descriptive and analytical and the research findings indicate that life expectancy, gross domestic product, sustainable development, income, job, and education reduce financial delinquency.

According to verse 89 of Surah Nahl, which is an explanation of everything, it is understood that the book of the Qur'an, the immortal miracle of Prophet Muhammad Mustafa, expresses everything in all periods of time, and this explanation includes the plan of life and happiness of all the worlds until the Day of Resurrection. The economy, which has been and is one of the important pillars of human societies since the dawn of time, is not an exception to this rule, the reason being that the basic pillar of society's survival is the issue of economy, of course, this importance has not remained the same in all periods of time and with the passage of time. The time and progress of world science has taken on a huge face. And no one has ever denied the importance of this issue and that it is intertwined with other social issues. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the economic instability in the country and the strategies to deal with it by relying on verses and traditions. We have collected therefore, it is necessary to look for solutions and methods appropriate to the approaches of this important category

Poverty and economic inequality is a permanent problem that has always created challenges for societies. In this study, the role of poverty as one of the indicators of economic inequality in the spread of financial development has been investigated. In addition, the current research seeks to answer the question whether the impact of poverty on financial development depends on the level of trade openness of countries or depends on other factors. To achieve the aforementioned goals, a threshold panel model has been used for 35 developing and developed countries during the time period of 2000-2021. Also, in order to avoid the endogeneity problem, the 2SLS method and the use of instrumental variables have been used. The results indicate that as long as the degree of commercial openness is less than 71%, the increase in poverty causes a sharper decrease in financial development in the economy, and when the degree of openness is greater than 71%, the increase in poverty causes a smaller decrease in financial development. Also, the results of the model estimation show that the logarithm of per capita income, savings and population density have a positive and significant effect on financial development. The general conclusion indicates that increasing the degree of openness of the economy reduces the limiting effects of poverty on the expansion of financial development.

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the effect of administrative corruption on GDP per capita in 11 selected oil exporting countries as countries with natural resources, which due to the existence of rents caused by oil, the possibility of administrative corruption in them is higher due to the possibility of rent-seeking activities. For this purpose, the country risk corruption index (ICRG) was considered as the main independent variable and the control variables of foreign direct investment, foreign trade and human development index, inflation and population growth rate were also considered. The research model was estimated for the period of 2012-2021 using the generalized method of moments (GMM). The results of the estimation of the model indicate the positive effect of the first lag of GDP per capita, corruption control, foreign direct investment, foreign trade and human development index on the GDP per capita of the selected countries. On the other hand, inflation and population growth rate have a negative effect on the GDP per capita of selected oil exporting countries during the studied period.