نشریه گفتمان طراحی شهری
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، پاییز 1402)

Problem: 

In some historical periods in Iranian cities such as Tabriz, there is a physical response to the fears caused by wars and insecurity, which urban narratives are shown among the general public, especially people of age, such phenomena also exist in the mentality of the people.

Target: 

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the state of the architectural elements of the historical city of Tabriz, such as alleys, fences, gates, neighborhoods, residential areas, etc., in the face of urban fears.

This research is of the research-fundamental theories type, and the interpretative-historical research method and the means of collecting information in the form of library, historical documents and texts and based on content analysis.

Findings show that in the past, the city was built using research studies such as gate, tower and barrow, fence, moat, narrow alleys and covered alleys, houses with short doors, lower outer and inner courtyards, etc. The level of the crossing in the three areas of territory, surveillance and the appearance of the environment gave a suitable answer to the concept of urban fear. In future researches, there is a need to examine each of the elements such as the house in more detail.

The main goal of the upcoming research is to explain the principles and spatial qualities of campuses based on the environmental preferences of female students.

Methods :

The nature of the research is qualitative and exploratory based on the methodology of content analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews with a total of 40 female students of the faculties of literature and humanities and basic sciences in each of the two studied universities of Tehran and Shahid beheshti is done.

According to the narrative of female students, eight criteria of urban location, university campus structure plan, faculty architecture plan, likeability, university brand, attention to the dignity and rights of female students, the attractiveness of university activities and events, and the importance of hangout in the university are among the environmental qualities. It is effective in improving the presence of female students in university campuses.

Based on the environmental preferences of women, in addition to physical factors, non-physical factors are also effective in the presence of women in university campuses. In addition, the space may have a suitable physical quality, but it is gendered in a way that gives the woman the feeling of being subjugated and under control. For this purpose, the physical qualities of university campuses are necessary and not sufficient to promote the presence of girls.

Bicycle is one of the most important Types of non-motorized travel and one of the most important components of the clean urban transportation system. The paradigm shifts on and clean modes of travel have affected approaches to transportation and traffic engineering and also concepts of modern theories of this urbanism which is needs to scientific study. Furthermore, Despite the high position of the bicycle in the transportation aspects of cities, until now urban studies in the field of bicycles have been more practical, and theoretical approaches and theoretical insights have not been studied on the bicycle in a centralized and coherent way among the theories of urban development and urbanism.

The aim of this research is to read theoretically and qualitatively the position and dimensions of the bicycle in modern theories of urban planning as a form of range on new concepts and approaches, movements, intellectual movements; With the help of two angles, the general knowledge of the theories and the specific knowledge of the theories from the perspective of the position and place of the bicycle in the theories.

The research approach of this study is qualitatively, based on documentary research and library studies and for Theoretical recognition of the position and dimensions of the bicycle in new theories of urbanism; it has used fourteen theories as a form of concepts, approach, movements, or intellectual movement in two formats of general reading and special readings.

The findings of the research indicate the perceptible cognitive capacities in the direction of positioning the bicycle directly or indirectly under the desired patterns of bicycle deployment in each of these fourteen theories. Furthermore, there are complementary polygonal tools supporting bicycle deployment and different dominant scientific views have been applied in each one.

Positioning the bicycle among a wide range of concepts, charters and modern intellectual movements of urbanism is possible and, in this way, some of the noticeable theoretical gaps in this field have been filled.

Problem:

 The concept of urban public art and its emergence in the public sphere is one of the most important factors in strengthening and accelerating the process of the creative city. Street music as an urban public art, is an influential event in urban communities that seeks to improve the quality of social life, strengthen collective memories, increase the level of vitality and dynamism of the city and achieve creative urban development.

Target:

 The authors try to redefine the importance and significance of the urban public arts event in urban spaces, identify the feasibility of performing street music in social environments. The green corridor of Shahrchai and the Khayyam Jonubi sidewalk of Urmia city have been studied.

In this regard, in the present study, information has been collected with the aim of application and descriptive-analytical nature and by using documentary-library methods, questionnaire and interview tools. The statistical population and sample size consist of two groups of experts, thinkers and university professors and active members of street music, which includes 60 samples including stratified or group sampling method. For quantitative analysis, the methods of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman Correlation, Swara and Cocoso have been used.

According to the findings, the social, cultural and environmental dimensions and the indicators of "possibility of live music performance" and "quality of environmental design" have gained the highest and lowest levels of importance, respectively. Also, the green corridor of Shahrchai has more favorable conditions than the performance of urban Public arts (street music) compared to the Khayyam Jonubi sidewalk of Urmia.

Home businesses have a historical background. With the advent of the virtual space, many people have started to create a business in their home environment for various reasons. This change has had many visible and invisible effects not only in the home and family, but also in the city. The upcoming research is focused on determining the ranking of the components and social dimensions of sustainable development under the influence of home businesses in order to determine their priority.

Descriptive-analytical research method with quantitative method and qualitative results and the results are based on the opinions of 35 experts based on the results of a specialized questionnaire. In conclusion, the 25 components and 9 indicators of the social subcategory of sustainable urban development based on the 2030 sustainable development document, using a structured questionnaire and its analysis with EXCEL and SPSS software, tries to make changes related to division and prioritization.

The components “Social Empowerment, literacy  , Quality Education , Social Responsibilities , Manpower Development, Social Confidence, Amount of Crimes, Neighborhood Development, Social Streaming” and the indicators “Education, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Social Security , Social Capital” are heavily influenced by home businesses .

The main results showed that home businesses, both online and offline, directly and indirectly have a significant impact on the social dimension of sustainable urban social development, And it is suggested to planning for sustainability goals of countries.

Problem:

 A look at the history of the presence of art in public spaces shows that with the change of the paradigm of public art from artist-oriented art to the creation of society-oriented art and audience-oriented art, the choice of the type of public art and the environmental qualities affected by it appear more important. What threatens urban spaces today is the weak connection between the building components of a place, which cannot meet the needs of citizens.

Target: 

The current research aims to investigate the effect of visual art on environmental quality and tries to create the necessary environmental quality in the design of future urban spaces by experts.

This research is developmental-applied in terms of type, and in terms of method, it has a nest-to-nest combination. To answer the research question, the qualitative research method is used in a nest-by-nest quantity. The statistical population is divided into two quantitative and qualitative parts. In the qualitative group of the statistical population, there were 14 experts who were selected by the snowball method. In the statistical population of quantitative research, the sample size is 180 people based on Cochran's formula and random sampling.

The analysis of the results indicates that according to the results of multivariate regression, the component of visual richness with the value of (1.000) has the highest factor contribution, in the second order, the component of enjoying the environment with the value of (0.920) And the lowest is related to the component of improving the individual sense of belonging with the value (0.244). The special attention of urban designers regarding the structure of spaces and the use of extraction measures from the impact of visual arts components in urban spaces in different scales can increase the quality of urban environments.

 In the last decade, public health planners have faced challenges related to the aging rate and the increase in mental health disorders. Research has shown that mental health issues are prevalent among older adults in Qazvin, but there hasn't been a comprehensive study on the impact of the social and built environment on mental health. Therefore, this research aims to identify the physical and social environment characteristics that can influence mental health.

This study is a cross-sectional quantitative research utilizing common mental health assessment tools, such as HADS and PSS, to gather data from 361 Qazvin's historical context residents. Additionally, an environmental quality questionnaire was used to collect information on the physical and social environment of the neighborhood. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS-25 software and the hierarchical regression method.

The data analysis revealed that individual, place, and socio-cultural factors played a significant role in determining the mental health of older adults in Qazvin City. The individual factors that affected mental health included age, gender, home ownership status, and marital status. The place factors that influenced mental health included satisfaction with the place, land use, quality of residence, security, walkability, and access to green spaces. The socio-cultural dimension also played a role in mental health, as factors such as social support and cultural activities impacted the well-being of older adults. The results of this study can help in planning and designing neighborhoods in a historical context to improve mental health.