فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی
پیاپی 75 (پاییز 1402)

Although John Rawls in his Theory of Justice did not explicitly talk about neut-rality, the theory of neutrality in political philosophy of the 1970s became more pr-ominent as a result of this book. The neu-trality approach of a state in the institution of family which is based on Rawls’s and Dworkin’s thoughts and is supported by Locke, Kant, and Mill’s attitudes, is the opposite of perfectionism which supports the neutrality of a state in presenting a desirable model of interference and not preferring special pattern. This com-parative survey by the aim of explaining how far a family as a private sphere is influenced by public territory, tries to determine the concept, kinds, extension, and levels of the state’s neutrality and some of the examples of the neutral regulation based on the theoretical founda-tions of the guarantee of the rights and freedoms and applying the harm principle in family legislation.

The health of the family depends on the continuity and health of the couple's relationship, and this relationship is the central core of the family system. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between self-differentiation and marital conflict resolution styles with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in married women in Isfahan City. For this research, descriptive-correlation method of structural equation modeling was used. The statistical population included marr-ied women in Isfahan City in 2022, and 200 married women were selected using the available sampling method. The data collection tools included the standard questionnaire of conflict resolution styles (Rahim, 1983), the self-differentiation questionnaire (Skowron & Friedlander, 1998) and the cognitive regulation of emotion questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2002). In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling method with path analysis approach was used by spss26 software and bootstrap method was used in Amos24 program to analyze mediated relationships. The findings sho-wed that there is a significant relationship between self-differentiation and cognitive emotion regulation strategies, between self-differentiation and marital conflict resolution styles, and between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital conflict resolution styles in married wo-men (p<0.001). Finally, adaptive and mal-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a mediating role in the relationship between self-discovery diff-erentiation and marital conflict resolution styles in married women (p<0.001). In sum, the findings of this research showed that differentiated people who use adap-tive emotion regulation in marital conflicts are able to adequately control these emo-tions and reduce marital conflicts when faced with difficult emotional experiences.

As a result of occurrence of numerous changes in life and sudden events, the interactions of couples face fundamental challenges. In order to achieve a deeper understanding of the meaning attributed to divorce and the role of life changes in divorce, based on the lived experience of couples applying for divorce, this research was conducted qualitatively and with a phenomenological approach. In order to collect data, a semi - structured and in-depth interview was conducted with 16 -people applying for divorce in the age range of 27-45. The interviewers were selected by purposive sampling method. Maxqda software was used to facilitate data analysis. Based on the research fin-dings; people's understanding of the mean-ing of divorce was identified in the three main themes of liberation, end point and realistic acceptance, as well as the factors of changes in the situation of living toge-ther such as changes in status: personal health, job status, network relationships, sexual relationships, style life, changes in the environment, unexpected events, sudd-en change in status and value transfor-mation were identified as the main grou-nds for divorce, and each case can be res-olved by carefully examining the issue and managing it properly, or by preve-nting the issues from becoming critical.

Many factors affect the structure of the family and its strengths, disrupt its func-tions, and can even lead to the collapse of the family. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between sex-ual satisfaction and gender perspective with family breakdown. The survey rese-arch method and data collection tool are a questionnaire. The statistical population is people living in areas 5, 7, and 8 of Tabriz City, and based on Cochran's formula, 384 have been investigated as the statistical sample. A stratified random sampling me-thod was used to select the sample. The results show that there is an inverse and significant relationship between sex-ual satisfaction and family breakdown, so the higher the sexual satisfaction of coup-les in married life, the less family breakd-own occurs. Also, the findings indicate that there is a direct relationship between gender attitudes and family breakdown. The results show that family breakdown occurs less among couples who are more educated. The results also show that fam-ily breakdown occurs less among couples who have good jobs in terms of social status.

This study to examines the mediating role emotional intelligence can play in the rela-tionship between work-family conflict and love schema with respect to the extram-arital relationships among couples who both work. The research method was corr-elation of structural equation modeling. The statistical population was all couples were both employed in Tehran. The sample size was 212 people who were selected by available sampling method. The research tools included Schott's Em-otional Intelligence Scale, Carlson's Work -Family Conflict Scale, Singles' Love Schema Scale, and Mark Whatley's Atti-tude Scale towards Extramarital Relation-ships. Data analysis was done using SPSS-26 and AMOS24 software. The results showed a significant positive relationship between work-family conflict and unst-able love schema on the attitude toward extramarital relationships. The effect of safe love schema, unstable love schema, and work-family conflict on attitudes tow-ard extramarital relationships with respect to the mediating role of emotional intelli-gence was significant. The clingy love schema on attitudes toward extramarital relationships was not significant. The results showed that work-family conflict and love schema are good explanations for extramarital relationships in working cou-ples and emotional intelligence can play a suitable mediating role. When work-fami-ly conflict occurs, the pressure caused by one role affects the person's performance in another role.

This study aims to determine the effecti-veness of emotion efficacy therapy on trust in close relationships and interper-sonal forgiveness among women injured by the trauma of husband infidelity. The research method was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with two-mo-nths follow-up.  The statistical population was the women injured by the trauma of husband infid-elity who used the services of counseling centers in Isfahan City, after screening with the post-traumatic stress disorder me-asurement scale (weathers et al. 1994), 30 people were selected by purposive sam-pling and they were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research tools were Trust in Close Relationships Ques-tionnaire (Rempel & Holmes, 1986) and Interpersonal Forgiveness (Ehteshamza-deh, et al. 2011). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of varia-nce. The experimental group underwent 8 session of 90-minute emotion efficacy therapy intervention by McKay & West (2016), but the control group received no treatment. The results showed the effect of emotion efficacy therapy on Trust in Close Relationships (P<0.001, F=9.75) and Interpersonal Forgiveness (P<0.001, F=0.003) in post-test, and stability of this effect was in the follow-up. According to the results of this research, emotion effi-cacy therapy can be used to improve trust in close relationships and interpersonal forgiveness of women Injured by the tra-uma of husband’s infidelity.

The few researches that have studied the burnout experience of Iranian parents in recent years have not developed or tested conceptual models and speculations regar-ding parental burnout in a meaningful way. Therefore, this study investigates the mediating role of parenting stress in the relationship between mothers' mindful pa-renting and their experience of parental burnout. This research was a descriptive-cross-sectional study, and its statistical population included mothers who had preschool children in the academic year of 2019. The statistical sample was compr-ised of 369 mothers who participated in this research by completing online quest-ionnaires. The research tools included the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA), the Parenting Stress Index- Short Form (PSI), and the Mindfulness in Parenting Quest-ionnaire (MIPQ). To examine the conce-ptual model, Structural Equation Mode-ling was used. The findings showed that mindful parenting explains nearly 78% of the variance of parental burnout only thro-ugh mothers' parenting stress. However, it does not have a direct effect on parental burnout. The findings, in addition to prov-iding a better understanding of parental burnout, can be applied in educational or therapeutic interventions aimed at redu-cing parental burnout.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between child temperament and the quality of mother-child relation-ship and to determine the moderating role of the mother's reflective functioning in the relationship between these two vari-ables. The statistical sample consisted of 270 mothers who were obtained by convenie-nce sampling method and answered three questionnaires of middle childhood temp-erament, parental reflective functioning and child-mother relationship scale. Pear-son correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data. The ana-lysis showed that with the exception of the component of distractibility, all other components of the child's temperament and all three components of mother's refl-ective functioning had a significant relat-ionship with the quality of mother-child relationship. The results of regression ana-lysis to examine the moderation hypoth-esis of mother's reflective functioning showed that mother's prementalizing mod-es was a significant moderator of the rela-tionship between child level activity, rhy-thmicity and attention span and per-sistence with the quality of mother-child relationship. interest and curiosity in men-tal states also significantly modified the relationship between rhythmicity and attention span and persistence with the quality of mother-child relationship.

High-risk behaviors is one of the most important issues in adolescence. The rela-tionship between parental interaction with adolescents and their emotional security is an important subject. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship bet-ween high-risk behaviors and adolescent family communication patterns with reg-ard to the mediating role of emotional sec-urity. The research method was descry-ptive and correlational. 300 students from Kermanshah high sc-hools were selected by stratified cluster sampling and answered the Iranian Adole-scent Risk, Family Communication Patte-rns, and Emotional Security Questionna-ires. Data were analyzed by SPSS-25 and Lisrel-8.8 software using correlation coe-fficient, regression coefficient, and path analysis. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant correlation bet-ween high-risk behaviors and adolescent family communication patterns (P<0.05). Emotional security is also as a mediator between these relationships (P<0.05). According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the family and the communication network that exists thro-ugh its different communication patterns play an important role in the occurrence or absence of high-risk behaviors in adoles-cents, but also the level of emotional sec-urity of adolescents should be noticed.

The present qualitative study aims to reveal the conflicts between young women and their parents in choosing a spouse in a phenomenological framework. The stati-stical population was all the young women who were in conflict with their parents when it came to choosing a spouse in Isfahan city and 15 young women were selected by purposeful sampling. The research tool was semi-structured intervi-ew. The data were analyzed by Colaizz analysis. The first theme is power dynam-ics with sub-themes: the young women power struggle with her parents to improve the conditions before marriage, the young women Inclination against the parents' idealism in marriage, the parents' Inclin-ation against the daughter's idealism in marriage, the second theme is the financial conflicts of the actor. The young women conflict with her parents over seeking financial independence before marriage, parents' materialism against the compreh-ensiveness of the young women criteria. The third theme of communication confl-icts with the sub-theme: generational gap, conflict between daughters and sisters in the field of marriage, general parent-daughter conflicts in different fields, con-flicting beliefs of parents-daughter in the field of marriage and the fourth theme of attitudinal-belief conflicts of Bazir theme: conflict over religious attitudes Between parents and daughters, the criteria of par-ents and daughters were different in marriage.