نشریه سلامت معنوی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 5، تابستان 1402)

This research has investigated the role of the spiritual therapy model on the primary maladaptive schemas and personality traits of addicted elderly men and women.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group with a three-month follow-up phase. The statistical population of the research included all elderly married, both men and women, who are addicted to drugs (opium, heroin, glass) in Karaj city camps. Thirty people were selected as available samples and included in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. For data collection, Yang's maladaptive schemas questionnaire, Eysenck's personality questionnaire for adults (EPQ-RE), and spiritual therapy intervention training were used in 10 sessions of 60 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention during the research. Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as mean and standard deviation, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used for data analysis.

The findings of the research showed that the spiritual therapy model has a significant effect on the primary maladaptive schemas and personality traits of elderly addicted men and women (P≤0.005).

Spiritual therapy is a suitable solution for controlling addicted people and provides a suitable prediction of factors that increase or decrease the tendency to addiction.

Spirituality is developing as the fourth dimension of human health. Comparative studies and exploiting the experiences of successful centers and countries are necessary to increase the quality of spiritual care and identify its strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this study was to compare education courses of spiritual care in Iran, Canada, America, England, and Europe.

The study method was descriptive-comparative. The elements of spiritual care training courses were searched and selected among the sources of Iran, America, England, Canada, and Europe in Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, Magiran, and Science Direct databases. Matching and comparison of data was done using the model of George F. Brady (1969).

Differences in the objectives, target group, and content of spiritual care courses were observed in the 4 investigated regions. Care at the end of life as well as crisis intervention and screening and evaluation were among the most frequent educational keywords. In all countries, training in spiritual interventions for end-of-life and bereavement, description of the condition and initial screening, consideration of the theoretical foundations of spirituality, conflict resolution, and spiritual confrontations are carried out.

Designing a training course based on a native and cultural approach can improve the quality of providing spiritual care services and provide the basis for the creation of a specialized field of spiritual care in hospitals. Promoting the quality of spiritual care in Iran's health care system requires the formulation of a codified executive model and reforms in the objectives, target group, and content of existing courses in Iran.

Adolescence is one of the important and sensitive periods for every person, especially girls. Spirituality and personal values can play a role as components affecting psychological well-being in this age period. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and spiritual care and personal values in adolescent girls.

This was a descriptive and correlational study on teenage girls in Bandar Abbas City in 2022. The entry criteria included age in the range of 14 to 19 years, and willingness to participate in the research. The sampling method was also available from the sampling type. In order to collect data, psychological well-being questionnaire, spiritual care questionnaire, and personal values questionnaire were used and the research participants were requested to complete them. To analyze data, statistical methods of Pearson's correlation and regression analysis were used simultaneously. The analyses were done using SPSS software version 26.

There is a significant relationship between psychological well-being, spiritual care, and personal values (P<0.05). This means that with the increase in psychological well-being in teenage girls, their spiritual care and personal values also increase and vice versa. Also, the combination of research variables significantly explains psychological well-being (P<0.05, R2=0.44). This means that variables of spiritual care and personal values can predict psychological well-being by 44%.

The results of this research showed that spiritual care and personal values can be important predictors of the psychological well-being of adolescent girls. Increasing spiritual care and personal values in adolescents can help increase the psychological well-being of girls.

The behavior and parenting style of the parents will have the most profound effect on the mental and spiritual health of the children. the purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between perceived maternal parenting style and the spiritual health of individuals, and in this regard, the role of sibling relationship as a mediating variable was investigated.

The statistical population includes all people who have access to WhatsApp and Eitaa social networks. Two hundred and fifty people were selected by the available sampling method and completed the online research questionnaire with their knowledge and consent. The tools used in this research were Buri's Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) to investigate the perceived parenting style, Palutzian and Ellison's spiritual health questionnaire (1982), and Furman and Buhrmester 's sibling relationship questionnaire (1985). The structural equation method and SPSS and AMOS statistical software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the research variables and sibling relationships play a mediating role in the relationship between perceived parenting style and spiritual health. Therefore, parenting style has the ability to predict spiritual health through sibling relationships. Also, the authoritative style was related to spiritual health, increasing warmth, reducing conflict and competition, and the authoritarian style was related to decreasing warmth, increasing conflict and competition among children.

Parents can provide the ideal relationship between siblings and their spiritual health by using positive parenting methods. Considering the importance of the quality of sibling relationship and its facilitating role in spiritual health, it seems that it is necessary for parents to pay attention to this issue; Therefore, it is suggested to hold educational workshops for parents on the topic of desirable parenting, to improve the parenting style and create a warm and intimate relationship between siblings in order to achieve spiritual health.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had many effects on various aspects of health, including the spiritual health of nurses, and has created challenges. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate nurses' spiritual health and related factors in the post-corona era.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 260 nurses working in the hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences who have cared for patients with COVID-19 in recent years, in 2022. Sampling was done by simple random method. The data collection tool was the Spiritual Health questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23.

The mean spiritual health score was 68.10±7.7 and the mean religious health and existential health were 32.95±4.45 and 35.38±5.04, respectively. Also, gender, marital status, and having a job except for the medical staff explain 43% of the variance in nurses' spiritual health (R=0.436, P=0.001). In the post-corona era, the spiritual health of women was higher than men, and it was higher in married nurses.

The spiritual health of nurses in the post-corona era was at an average level. The male gender, being married, and having a job except for the medical staff were more effective in spiritual health. Therefore, it is suggested that hospital managers consider the necessary plans to improve the spiritual health of nurses.

In today's world, attention to spiritual health as an important part of life has attracted the attention of thinkers. Human excellence is a concept that is raised in religion along with spiritual health. This research has been conducted with the aim of examining the relationship between the foundations and dimensions of spiritual health on human excellence from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini. By deeply examining his works and opinions, this study seeks to understand the factors and concepts that influence spiritual health and human excellence.

In this research, an analytical-descriptive method has been used. The main concepts under consideration, including different dimensions of spiritual health, have been evaluated and analyzed by a careful study of Imam Khomeini's works and opinions. This method of deep analysis allows us to gain a better understanding of the relationship between spiritual concepts and human excellence in Imam Khomeini's system.

Considering the examination of the foundations and dimensions of spiritual health, four main relationships that help human excellence have been identified. Proper connection with God as a concept from the transcendental field, connection with oneself as a basis from personal space, connection with others as a social and collective relationship, and connection with the environment as a natural field, help achieve spiritual health and human excellence and in a reciprocal and dynamic cycle, human excellence affects the dimensions of spiritual health.

The results of this research show that self-knowledge, control and moderation of its powers, and attention to human spiritual capacities are among the main factors in achieving human excellence in Imam Khomeini's view. In addition, the importance of serving God's creation, especially caring for patients and deprived people in increasing spirituality and human excellence has been stated. Also, contemplation about creation and nature leads to strengthening insight, gratitude towards God, and strengthening faith. This research shows that proper interaction and balance in connection with God, oneself, others, and nature play a key role in achieving spiritual health and human excellence in Imam Khomeini's view. Thus, spiritual interactions can help human growth and excellence and lead to achieving proximity to God which is the main goal of an excellent human being. This relationship is presented as a conceptual model in this research.

Natural childbirth after cesarean section or V-back is increasing in Iran. However, the decision to perform V-back is very stressful and challenging for mothers and their families due to the low information about it. Examining the lived experiences of mothers who were able to choose and carry out natural childbirth after cesarean despite the current situation and have experience with both types of delivery can be useful for the country's health managers in making decisions and providing implementation plans and programs. It also improves the health of mothers and the future generation, as well as helps to solve the country's demographic challenges, and may help mothers choose the optimal and healthy method of childbirth for themselves and their loved ones. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of examining the psychological functioning and explaining the lived experiences of these mothers.

This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the hermeneutic phenomenological method in the period of 2021 to 2022. The participants in this research were 17 women with a history of natural childbirth after one, two, or three previous cesarean sections, who were selected in a targeted manner and with a maximum diversity approach. Data were collected through in-depth individual and face-to-face interviews and analyzed using the seven-step method of Dickelman et al.

In the data analysis, one of the main themes called "spirituality" was identified. This theme was formed by three sub-themes: "Spiritual capital with the use of spiritual intelligence", "Effort and Trust" and "Prayer and Appeal".

From the data analysis, it was concluded that the role of spirituality has been very effective in creating the purposefulness and resilience needed to overcome the fears and challenges in the path of V-back.