نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای اقتصادی
پیاپی 12 (تابستان 1402)

Improving and developing the quality of life of villagers as a factor in increasing welfare, reducing rural-urban inequalities and achieving sustainable rural development, is of great importance. This is while economic sanctions have affected various aspects of the life of the Iranian people, including the villagers. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the impact of economic sanctions (2018 to 2020) on the quality of life of villagers in Kashmar. In terms of nature, the present study is a quantitative research, in terms of purpose is in the category of applied research and in terms of method is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. The required information in this study was collected using documentary studies and a researcher-made questionnaire and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.951). The statistical population of the study includes villagers living in 13 villages in the central part of Kashmar city. Using Cochran's formula and error level of 0.05, 369 households were selected by simple random sampling . Findings According to the significance level of 0.00 of all indicators in the one -sample t-test, indicate that economic sanctions have significant effects on the objective and subjective dimensions of the quality of life of villagers . Also, the values of the averages show that the most and the least effect of sanctions in the mental dimension related to the indicators of future hope (4.02) and life satisfaction (3.81) and in the objective dimension the most impact on the ability to save, respectively. (43.4) and purchasing power (4.39) of the villagers and the least impact on the health index (3.78) . Also, the results of the Preference Selection Index (psi) model, according to the final score of Torbeghan village (3.095) and Jardavi (2.416), respectively, have accepted the highest and lowest impact of economic sanctions.

The corona virus and its effects and consequences have caused many challenges in the economic and livelihood situation of the people, thus, in order to prevent the further spread of this virus, countries have taken various measures and methods which have caused the lack of on time supply and disruption in the marketing of rural products, which ultimately have affected the supply chain of the villagers' products. Kermanshah province is considered as one of the most important provinces of the country in the field of agricultural production, due to its diverse climatic conditions and the potential of natural resources. About 30% of the province's workers are working in the agricultural sector.Hence, the main purpose of the present research is to analyze the impact of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic on the supply chain of agricultural products in the villages of Kermanshah province so that the effects of the corona virus on the supply chain of agricultural products of investigated villages be identified. the present research is developmental-practical and qualitative, which was conducted using the grounded theory method. Purposeful sampling of the snowball was used. 40 local officials were used as participants, who were interviewed fully and data collection continued until reaching theoretical data saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interview. Maxqda software was used for managing and coding of documents and finally the analysis has been done The research led to the identification of 117 categories and 6 classes such as supply of inputs, production situation, production problems, product sales situation, product sales problems, product marketing and 1 broad category: supply chain spread of Corona has affected the supply chain of agricultural products in the investigated villages, which led to identification of some cases. In this regard, things like cost increase and lack of things like poison, fertilizer, workers and machines. Transportation and lack of electronic sales of products, market governance and traditional sales methods, failure to take special measures, failure to find a new way to sell, increase and decrease in sales and production of some products, etc., were identified. Planning and taking actions in line with the identified effects can help improve the situation of the supply chain of villagers' products in the covid-19 pandemic

One of the perennial and exacerbated challenges facing the political and managerial system of Iran has been inflation. Extensive efforts have been made by researchers and executive officials in this country to identify its causes and overcome it. In the meantime, understanding the consequences and impacts of inflation in various geographical dimensions is a critical endeavor that can lead to the development of practical programs to rationally confront inflationary conditions. Peripheral settlements and their developments provide a tangible platform for spatially identifying the effects of inflation in each geographical region. Therefore, this article examines and analyzes the effects of economic inflation on the livelihoods of Peripheral settlements in Birjand. This descriptive-analytical research uses both documentary and survey methods in its investigations. The results show that inflation during the years 2018-2022, with its financial dimension, has caused a fundamental decline in the economic assets of residents. It has resulted in a significant reduction in household savings and increased household debt. Consequently, many households have chosen to move from Birjand to Peripheral areas to alleviate the financial burden of inflation on their households. Furthermore, the different effects of inflation on the overall dimensions of sustainable livelihoods between different villages were significant, indicating the spatial differences in the impact of inflation on the sustainability of the area's livelihoods.One of the perennial and exacerbated challenges facing the political and managerial system of Iran has been inflation. Extensive efforts have been made by researchers and executive officials in this country to identify its causes and overcome it. In the meantime, understanding the consequences and impacts of inflation in various geographical dimensions is a critical endeavor that can lead to the development of practical programs to rationally confront inflationary conditions. Peripheral settlements and their developments provide a tangible platform for spatially identifying the effects of inflation in each geographical region. Therefore, this article examines and analyzes the effects of economic inflation on the livelihoods of Peripheral settlements in Birjand. This descriptive-analytical research uses both documentary and survey methods in its investigations. The results show that inflation during the years 2018-2022, with its financial dimension, has caused a fundamental decline in the economic assets of residents. It has resulted in a significant reduction in household savings and increased household debt. Consequently, many households have chosen to move from Birjand to Peripheral areas to alleviate the financial burden of inflation on their households. Furthermore, the different effects of inflation on the overall dimensions of sustainable livelihoods between different villages were significant, indicating the spatial differences in the impact of inflation on the sustainability of the area's livelihoods.

Economic growth and development is one of the basic goals of all the countries of the world, so far, many influential factors have been presented for this goal. The government's construction budget is one of the most important and essential factors influencing economic growth. If the central government cannot make fundamental changes in accordance with regional needs and tastes, the provision of public goods and services will lose its efficiency, and local governments can improve efficiency, and this efficiency improvement comes from local governments' awareness of the needs, capacities, and tastes of local people. By knowing the needs and talents, the productivity increases and ultimately the production rate increases. In Iran, the Provincial Planning and Development Council is in charge of allocating the annual provincial budget, and for many years, this council has been allocating provincial budgets to various affairs (public affairs budget, defense budget, economic affairs budget, and social affairs budget) and cities. The aim of the present research is to investigate the economic effects of the allocation of credits for the acquisition of provincial capital assets by the Provincial Planning and Development Council in the territory of Iran. The data of this research was collected through the website of Iran Statistics Center for all provinces during the years 2018-2019. This research is practical in terms of its purpose and was analyzed using ordinary least squares panel data method in the environment of Eviuse program and its results show that with a one percent increase in the budget of economic affairs, the GDP per capita increases by 0.241848 percent. With a one percent increase in the public service budget, the GDP per capita increases by 0.102297 percent, with a one percent increase in the social affairs budget, the GDP per capita increases by 0.09448 percent, and with a one percent increase in the military budget, the GDP per capita increases by 0.074006 percent. Since one of the basic goals of governments is to achieve economic growth, politicians In order to achieve this important goal, the planners, especially the Provincial Planning and Development Council, should pay more attention in allocating budgets to economic affairs, public affairs, and education and health sector budgets in order to increase the productivity of the labor force and ultimately the economic growth of the country.

The aim of the current research is analysis of factors affecting the development of competitiveness in religious tourism. Case study: Ritual ceremony in Zanjan city). The current research aims to create practical understanding and knowledge for tourism policy makers in the field of identifying indicators that affect the competitiveness of religious tourism based on the competitiveness indicators of travel and tourism; The report of the World Economic Forum (2015) is applied research in terms of its purpose and a descriptive survey from the point of view of the data collection method. In the present research, firstly, through the study of theoretical literature and experts' survey, the evaluation of tourism competitiveness indicators and items has been done. In order to determine the main and final indicators of tourism competitiveness in the studied area, was used survey of 15 scientific and executive experts in the field of tourism in Zanjan city. Then, by using the Dimetal technique, the internal relationships of these indicators were determined from the point of view of the influence and effectiveness of the factors, as well as their cause and effect relationships. Finally, by presenting the model obtained from the internal relationships between the variables using the Dimetal technique; The test of this initial assumption model in the studied area was done by modeling the structural equations using the partial least squares method in PLS software. The results of examining the fit of the measurement models, structural model and general model at the 95% confidence level showed that the model is generally meaningful and all the main paths of the research were accepted and the model has appropriate fit and explanatory power. The criterion of conditions and legal framework in the studied area have an importance of 0.86, 0.83 and 0.73, respectively, on the criteria of infrastructure improvement, environmental preparation and cultural-natural resources and in general on improving the competitiveness of ritual ceremonies in Zanjan city. Among the sub-items of these variables that are effective in improving competitiveness; The sub-variable of marketing, branding and improving the image of the religious tourism destination at the international level with an impact of 0.98, also; The sub-variables of comprehensive and integrated participatory planning of the institutions involved in religious tourism and intangible differentiation, interactive, meaningful, innovative and future-oriented experiences have had the highest impact with an impact of 0.86.

Agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors of the countries of the world and its role in economic, political and international development and stability is undeniable. Agricultural development is considered the most important priority in the national development programs of developing countries and is one of the most important and influential sectors in Iran's economy, which plays an important role in the political and economic independence of the country. In the country of Iran, the agricultural sector has an important position in the history of this country due to the comprehensive impact it has had in the field of solving economic-social challenges (providing independence and food security, creating employment, sustainable development and preserving the environment). It reveals the necessity of making new investments in this sector (Abdolahi, 1385: 169). . Therefore, paying attention to greenhouse production in terms of vegetables and summer herbs has become one of the most productive sectors in the marketing of agricultural products. Based on this, the present research aims to investigate the factors and limitations of the development of greenhouse crops in the rural areas of Jiroft city. For this purpose, the statistics of this research are 5 rural areas of Jiroft city, which in recent years have attracted a lot of attention from farmers and experts in this field due to the various greenhouse activities and having the necessary conditions for greenhouse export. . This research was of a descriptive-analytical type and the required data was collected by the survey method (questionnaire) and its distribution among 30 experts in the field of agriculture. In order to know the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of greenhouse products marketing, SWOT strategic model was used and then with the help of QSPM matrix, the most important planning strategies and strategic management of marketing in the villages of the region were identified and prioritized. The results of the internal and external matrix showed that the areas of Jiroft city are in an aggressive position, which means having the maximum capability and ability to realize the desired vision. According to the results obtained from the quantitative evaluation matrix, the perspective considered for the marketing potential of greenhouse products of this region was included in 4 cases to realize the competitive position, the first priority with "the readiness of the region to invest and stabilize" It is the polar position of the region.