نشریه غرب آسیا
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1402)

China's mediation between Iran and Saudi Arabia, which led to de-escalation of the relations between the two countries, is considered not only a turning point in Tehran-Riyadh relations, but also a turning point in the developments in the Middle East, as well as China's initiatives for world peace and security. The question of the article is what factors have been effective in China's success in de-escalating tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia? The hypothesis of the article, which has been examined in a descriptive and analytical way, is that the interweaving of interests between China and the Middle East region, especially the Persian Gulf, China's close relations with Tehran and Riyadh, and their perception of China's neutrality and fairness in interacting with these two countries. In addition, the increase in costs caused by the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia, which had placed the two countries on two strategic paths of "reconciliation" and "competition", paved the way for China's intervention and the success of this country's diplomacy. The findings of the article showed that China's initiative in reconciliation between Iran and Saudi Arabia adds to the credibility and thus the international authority of China and paves the way for the beginning of a period called "Chinese Peace".

 The issue of Turkish-Israel relations is a significant topic in regional studies. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1949, bilateral relations between Turkey and Israel have witnessed substantial growth and development in various fields. As two powerful players in the Middle East and the Mediterranean, the developments in the Mediterranean region have a crucial impact on their future relations. This research aims to investigate how the developments in the Mediterranean Sea will affect the future of Turkish-Israeli relations. The research hypothesis suggests that although Ankara and Tel Aviv share common interests and threats in the Mediterranean, these factors may limit their cooperation in the future. To evaluate the impact of Mediterranean developments on their relationship, the study employs the explanatory capacities of regional security theory, which identifies the influencing components as the main factors of a security complex. Additionally, this research uses future studies to examine the connection between Turkish-Israeli relations and the developments in the Mediterranean Sea. The results indicate that based on their shared interests and threats, Turkey and Israel seek to establish cooperative relations.

Security is the basic issue of all the governments of the world, whose external dimension is pursued by the foreign policy of the countries, and the security of the neighboring countries, which are the immediate environment of each country, are of special importance because the occurrence of security issues in one of the bordering countries increases the probability of the domino effect and leads to the creation of security problems in other neighboring countries or the region. The main question of the research originates from this issue and it is what is the state of fragility of the governments in Southwest Asia and what is the appropriate strategy for the security and promotion of Iran's position? To answer this question, the theory of regional security has been chosen as the theoretical basis and fuzzy logic as the research method, so that through examining the fragility of the governments of Southwest Asia, while recognizing the existing security threats, in the second step, the foreign policy appropriate to the existing situation will be developed. The result of the study of the state of fragility in Southwest Asia indicates that 13 of the 17 existing governments have warnings of fragility and creating security problems, and based on the theory of regional security, it seems that multilateralism in foreign policy, considering the status of each of the identified paths, will lead to playing a pivotal role for the Islamic Republic of Iran, in addition to providing regional security.

Since 2011, Turkey and Qatar have played a role as two active actors in the Middle East and Persian Gulf developments. With the Arab Spring in 2011 and the Syrian crisis, important changes took place in Doha-Ankara relations. The relations between the two countries improved significantly after the Arab Spring, and Doha has gained an important position as Turkey's regional ally in the country's foreign policy. The alignment of Turkey-Qatar relations, especially after the Arab Spring, has been the result of the existence of mental images and shared perceptions and mutual identity and ideological links, especially with regard to the Muslim Brotherhood movement. In this article, using the theory of social constructionism, we are trying to explain the factors affecting foreign policy and relations between Turkey and Qatar. The method used in the article is analytical-descriptive. The main question in this article is how to explain the regional relations between Turkey and Qatar (2011-2020) using social constructionism? The hypothesis is that: Based on social constructivism, Turkey-Qatar's common intersubjective perception and perceptions derived from the ideology of the Muslim Brotherhood, which led to a common identity, bring the two governments closer together at the regional level between the years (2011-2020).

If once the issue of "water war" was mainly considered in the writings of researchers for the future, now that future has become a reality and the world is actually involved in water war in different places. The Middle East and the Mesopotamia in its heart are not doing well in this regard, and we have been witnessing the effects of this drought and its crisis in the occurrence of intra-border and cross-border conflicts for years, and Syria and Iraq are prime examples of this. Perhaps two categories of factors can be considered in this context, the first is the natural factor, although the governments have aggravated it with their wrong plans and policies, and the second is completely done by human intervention, which has disrupted the ecosystem cycle and caused serious environmental problems. Created. One of the wrong policies and programs has been diverting water streams and creating numerous dams without planning and foresight. One of these noisy and harmful policies and programs is Turkey's water super projects, especially the Gap project, which has caused acute environmental problems for the downstream countries, namely Iraq and Syria, and then Iran, with the construction of various dams on the Tigris and Euphrates. The GAP project has many effects and environmental consequences, and this article tries to study this issue in a glance of international law, and while examining the legal dimensions of Turkey's actions, its security and environmental effects for the downstream countries will be determined. Therefore, in order to achieve the goals specified in this article, this central question will be addressed: "What are the security and environmental effects of Turkey's hydroelectricity (with emphasis on the GAP project) for the neighbors of this country (Syria, Iraq and Iran)?"

Chain reactions refer to the consecutive behavior of actors in the international arena, in which the acting action leads to another reaction and finally puts their relations in a certain direction. These hierarchical behaviors will be mostly equal or wider and are formed based on their understanding of each other's intentions. In recent years, the activism of Saudi Arabia and Iran has traveled a path from breaking off relations to re-establishing them, which mainly stems from their perception of each other's intentions. The ups and downs of the relations between Iran - Saudi Arabia in the Middle East have always had significant effects on the general relations of the region. Different religious and linguistic identity and non-complementary economy and the security view of the parties on their activism against each other, the relations of these two regional powers have led them to compete with each other in the best conditions. The purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze the relations between the two countries from the perspective of "chain reaction" and we are looking for an answer to the question of how the two countries' understanding of each other's behavior led to a sequence of reactions and how it ultimately affected their relations. It seems that the two countries' understanding of each other's behavior in the past has led to a sequence of negative reactions that ultimately led to the termination of their relations, and on the other hand, efforts to reduce tensions and common understanding of the higher cost of hostile relations in comparison Normal relations have caused the desire of both parties to re-establish relations