نشریه غرب آسیا
پیاپی 2 (پاییز 1402)

West Asia has been on a different track from the beginning of the second decade of the twenty first century. The behavioral essence of national and transnational players has not transformed but the important point has to be the fact that the performance of transnational players has created a very different understanding regarding capacities and opportunities among region’s countries especially American allies This new reality points to a higher level of comprehension which necessarily leads to a more behavioral independence regarding defining national interest and priorities in realm of foreign policy. American strategic indolence in the region which started by Obama administration coincided with China’s quest to expand its influence in this geography have created security conditions which means the appearance of a new political context to shape decisions by the region’s countries. Article’s question points to what policy America as the most incisive and interventionist player in West Asia has chosen as sufficient for maintaining its position and what behaviors by regional players have been adopted to fortify and enhance their position. The choice of limited responsibility ( strategic indolence) as general American policy in the region has created opportunity to play greater role by other relevant transnational players which inevitability has caused more power for national players in West Asia to formulate behavior and to fashion inter player relations in order to provide optimal national interest.

The competition between America and China has expanded in various fields in recent years. For this reason, creating a position and political influence to play a greater role and change the balance in favor of each of the competing powers in the regions of the world has become one of the priorities of the two countries. Among the most important of these regions is the Middle East due to its resources, diverse markets and strategic location. This article seeks to explain the policies of America and China towards order in the Middle East. In this regard, the leading article seeks to answer the question of what effect the competition between America and China in the Middle East has had on the equations and order of this region? The hypothesis of the research is that due to the importance of mastering the order in the Middle East, the two countries, America and China, are trying to create their desired order in the Middle East. China seeks to create an endogenous order against the exogenous order desired by the United States in recent years in the Middle East.The current research was written using descriptive-analytical method and in the framework of aggressive realism theory. The tangible result of the new order in the Middle East in the shadow of the competition between China and the United States is that the great powers, especially the United States, have lost their control in this place and no one is trying to impose new governance systems on the countries of the region. They act in their own interests, rather than taking sides to rebalance their international relations.

Tools and systems based on artificial intelligence have special features that make the countries which own the aforementioned technologies gain more military and economic competitiveness by benefiting from them and can upset the balance of power in the international system in their favor. The future geopolitical, military and economic superiority of the world will be determined by the powers that manage new technologies such as artificial intelligence to their advantage. Russia and China have challenged the US-led world order by investing in and competing for new technologies in the economy, military modernization, and tools of social control. This process has also started in West Asia. Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates are among the pioneers in investing in artificial intelligence in this region and have various plans to exploit artificial intelligence in economic and military fields. The main question that we seek to answer in this article is how artificial intelligence-based technologies will change the future balance of power in West Asia. The findings of this research show that artificial intelligence will change the balance of power in the West Asian region by increasing the economic and military power of countries. In this way, Saudi Arabia and Israel are changing the balance of power in this region in their favor by increasing their military and economic power due to artificial intelligence. This research has been done based on explanatory research method and using statistical and library data.

This paper examines the reasons for the formation of two fundamental discourses that determine the strategic policy and foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. These two discourses have been formed by two prominent and influential politicians in the history of the Islamic Revolution, the Supreme Leader and the late Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani. The main question of this research is that in Iran after the Islamic Revolution, what are the reasons for the formation of two discourses of revolutionary independence and international linkage? To answer this question, this hypothesis can be proposed that by examining the contemporary history of Iran's foreign policy, we can understand the process of forming these two discourses. The method considered for this research is descriptive documentary method and books and articles have been used for data collection. The purpose of this research is to explore the reasons for the discourses shaping the strategic policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran that ultimately shape the country's foreign policy. This research finally comes to the conclusion that the two discourses of international Linkage and revolutionary independence each have a separate historical background and have traveled an independent path to become a discourse.

environmental crises, as one of the main factors in global policies and one of the most important challenges of human society, are increasing day by day. Due to its climatic characteristics and geographical location, Iran is very effective in terms of the consequences and effects of environmental crises, and geographically, many environmental problems are located near the borders of Iran with neighboring countries.Iran is one of the most important and influential countries from the environmental point of view and has many environmental challenges with neighboring countries. Iran's environmental problems are in direct connection with neighboring countries. The extent, position and special geographical, geopolitical, Geo-economic, Geo-strategic and Geo-cultural position has made Iran one of the most important and vital areas in the field of environment, which has an impact on the environment of the region and even the world.This research seeks to answer the question that what are the most important environmental challenges affecting the security environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its western neighbors (Turkey and Iraq) during the years 2010 to 2022? In response to this hypothesis, it has been proposed that the water crisis, micro dusts, climate changes and the drying of wetlands are among the most important environmental challenges affecting the security environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its neighbors during the years 2010 to 2022. The hypothesis verification method in this article is descriptive-explanatory.

Soft power as one of the pillars of international politics has gained a high position in the present era; The reason can be found in the efficiency and success of soft power compared to classical forms of power (hard power). The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other political units, needs to recognize, strengthen and use soft power in order to improve its national soft power in international politics and especially in the West Asian region. In the meantime, the role of General Haj Qassem Soleimani as a populist discourse and militant ideas in the direction of centralizing the culture of martyrdom and emphasizing soft power against the political and military unrest in West Asia in connection with terrorism is important. In line with this article, by using the descriptive-analytical method in the form of a library and the technique of extracting scientific documents, by using the theory of soft power, it tries to answer the basic question of what role did General Haj Qassem Soleimani play in strengthening the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region of West Asia (Middle East)? Therefore, according to the management level of General Haj Qassem Soleimani, the statistical population is regional and extra-regional; with the aim of showing that the school of Haj Qassem Soleimani has had a profound impact on the promotion of Iran's soft power in the West Asian region as a statistical sample in terms of management, command and military, according to the sources and elements of soft power. The result is that by examining the school of Martyr Soleimani as a universal school and as a role model in the diplomatic system of the country, it can be raised as a basic necessity in today's society in order to increase the authority of the country.