نشریه مطالعات سیاسی - اجتماعی تاریخ معاصر ایران
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1401)

Security is one of the most important and controversial issues and concepts that have been brought up and paid attention to in societies and human groups today. Every day in magazines and media, experts comment on this matter, various theories and thoughts on how to create, strengthen and continue, effective areas in strengthening and formation, how to weaken and decay and its different types and dimensions have been proposed and published. The consensus point is the multiplicity of factors affecting security. Different experts such as philosophers, politicians, sociologists and psychologists have talked about security and tried to describe, explain and explain it in different ways and types. Philosophers believe that people prefer living in a safe society to living in a tense and insecure society; Some experts believe that the most important task of the government is to create, maintain, and develop security.

During recent decades, the British philosophical movement known as critical realism has raised doubts about the philosophy of the social sciences. Critical realism has tried to combine paradigms and seeks a new definition of reality, knowledge and research. The purpose of this article is to examine the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of the two paradigms of experimental realism and critical realism, and to reveal the contrasts between these two paradigms; Therefore, by examining the main claims of experimental realism in the above three areas, this article will criticize these views from the perspective of critical realism, of course, emphasizing Roy Bhaskar's views and opinions.

One of the issues considered by the clergy after the victory of the revolution was the supervision of legislation, which was realized in the form of the principles of the Guardian Council in the constitution. The question of the present article is how the idea of jurists' supervision of the parliament's approvals in the form of the principles of the Guardian Council was proposed in the constitution and was approved by the council of constitutional experts. The present article, using the main sources and the conducted researches and relying on the descriptive-analytical approach, came to the conclusion that the following factors caused the current of Islamic Jurisprudence to gradually include its desired principles in the Constitution approved by the Assembly of Constitutional Experts. Incorporating the principle of jurists' supervision over the parliament's approvals in the drafts of the constitution; acceptance of the principle of jurisprudence supervision over legislation by the representatives of political currents present in the Majlis of Experts; Dominance of the representatives of the Faqahati Islamic Movement in the Assembly of Constitutional Experts; The hegemonic discourse of Islamic jurisprudence after the approval of the principle of "jurisprudence". As a result, the principles of the Guardian Council were approved by the representatives.

In this research, an attempt has been made to look at the aspects of the lives of the innocents (pbuh) from an educational perspective, and to examine the constructive behaviors and actions of the innocents (pbuh) from the moral and family point of view and their educational methods. The main questions of this article are whether to prevent family and social damage, we should first modify our way of looking at the family? Based on the history and teachings of the innocents (AS); What strategies are there to prevent social and family damage and fix them? The research method in this writing is descriptive-analytical, and the method of collecting library information. The widely used society is the narration, the Holy Qur'an, the biography of the Innocents (pbuh), historical texts, the moral, behavioral and social messages and patterns in the biography of the Innocents (pbuh). The result of the research shows that the best strategies for preventing family and social harms is to benefit from the teachings of the Qur'an and the way and words of the innocents (AS) (as the true guides of man) and it can be done with a little delay in the way of the innocents (AS) and with Placing the clear moral, social and behavioral characteristics of the innocents (AS) on the headlines can bring positive and favorable results in the fertilization of good moral qualities in humans so that they can lead a healthy life in the shadow of divine grace and the pure Imams (AS). benefited Within the family, we should develop rationality and compassion derived from knowledge with appropriate behavior and speech, and also emphasize the principle of social supervision, and before any behavior occurs, we should respect the other party as we respect ourselves. and increase the amount of gratitude to family members.

Social security is of great importance; So that many sociologists have described the feeling of social security as more important and necessary than the existence of security. Undoubtedly, various factors are involved in creating security and the feeling of security, the lack of which has slowed down the establishment of the feeling of security or prevented its realization. Considering that the city of Arak is one of the industrial cities of the country, studying the relationship between the existence of industrial centers and the sense of security of the citizens can help us in identifying the actual and potential internal threats of the city, which often endanger the social security of this city. This research seeks to investigate the effects of the social functions of the industrial centers of Arak city on the social security of students. The students of industrial fields of Arak University of Technology with about 2294 students have been selected as the statistical population and sampling was done using the Cochran formula, and 329 people were selected as the sample size. The results of the research proved the hypotheses of the research so that there is a significant and strong relationship between immigration, population growth and union protests with the feeling of social security.

Due to the formation of some theories explaining the revolution in specific social conditions, some of these theories are unable to answer the reason for the revolution and explain it precisely. Considering that four decades have passed since the Islamic revolution as one of the most important phenomena of the 20th century, the causes and factors and explanatory approaches of this revolution are still discussed among many experts. Accordingly, in the present study, the psychological explanation as one of the existing explanations that includes the theories of suppression of instincts, increasing expectations and relative deprivation is examined in the form of a theoretical framework, and it is measured, evaluated and criticized in the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Based on this, the main question of the article is whether psychological explanations are capable of analyzing the Islamic revolution. After applying the aforementioned theories based on descriptive and analytical qualitative method and using the fishing tool, the findings of the article show that based on the common implications, the most important causes of the ineffectiveness of psychological explanation in fully explaining the causes of the Islamic revolution can be mentioned as follows: Inattention to cultural approaches, lack of attention to the social and political structure of Iranian society and the leadership role of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA).