نشریه فرهنگ معماری و شهرسازی اسلامی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار و تابستان 1402)

In the Quranic vision and in the school of religious leaders, "Contentment" is a valuable moral blessing that leads to wealth and self-sufficiency, because the behavior of the contented man is such that he bases his life on "Moderation". Therefore, explaining and addressing "Satisfactory Architecture" as one of the "Self-Made Pillars of Iranian Society" which has been explained in the context of targeting Islamic civilization in the second step statement of the revolution, is important and valuable. The research questions are as follows: a)What are the basic components of persuasive lifestyle in Guilan province and what are its manifestations in different areas of life? b)How and in what way is the culture of contentment manifested in the vernacular architecture of Guilan? The study's conceptual achievement is to explain how the culture of contentment manifests in the patterns of behavior and architecture of Guilan; based on reviewing the background of studies conducted by Iranian scholars and researchers in the field of content research in architecture, the innovation of the research is in the "Case Study" which is based on the research background (which most studies in the field of contentment and moral characteristics were studied about the house of desert areas). For the first time, "Home Architecture" is studied in the vintage and rich natural areas of Guilan province in terms of "Contentment and its Characteristics". The theoretical foundations section is divided into two parts: "Conceptualizing the Manifestation of the Culture of Contentment in the Rural Community of Guilan" and "Recognition of the Manifestation of the Culture of Contentment in the Rural Architecture of Guilan"; in the first part, the culture of contentment in rural society and its manifestation fields are studied by comparative study with concepts and dimensions of contentment, and in the second part, in particular, we examined the culture of contentment in the field of indigenous architecture of Guilan. We adapted the study (Mir Syyar Shekili House) to the indicators of contentment in architecture. Studies show that the relationship of "Contentment", "Architecture and Rural Lifestyle" can be considered as a relationship based on "Secrecy of Nature" that in this spatial-physical pattern, children learn the first grounds of contentment through family and "Child-Mother" system. The culture of contentment in the field of rural architecture of Guilan in the social dimension is as "Social Equality between Men and Women (derived from rural collective work culture)" and in economic dimension as "The Workshop of the Ontology of the Building of the House Through the Participation of all Members of the Family", which is a common manifestation of "Being" and "Presence" of the family institution in the context of the rural architecture of Guilan. In the scientific-technical dimension it is manifested in the form of "The Mysteries of Nature and its Structures" and in the artistic dimension as "The Use of Symbols and Symbols of Ethnic-Religious Identity in the Body of the Building".

Muqarnas, as one of architectural decorative art, is an expression of Iranian culture and can represent the hidden parts of Iran's cultural landscape. The complex geometry of muqarnas is made of several basic structures in successive layers. The flexible language of muqarnas in creating various types has made it difficult to understand the geometrical order of this art and therefore, it has been labeled as authorship. In the meantime, the first computational and geometrical approach to muqrans was presented by Ghiyasuddin Jamshid Kashani (758-808 AH) in the fourth article of the book Miftah al-Hasab, which today has many compositions and interpretations of this book with different points of view which provides basic information in the field of muqrans. In addition, the present research has searched for the constituent structure and the elements and units of this complex structure, by examining Kashani's approach and recognizing the productive components of muqarnas from his point of view. In this regard, we have tried to draw all the possible situations (modes) according to the realities of muqarnas, through logical reasoning.
Accordingly, this research tries to present a more accurate understanding of Al-Kashi’s treatise using 3D techniques. To do so in the first phase the original Article in Arabic has been studied consulting with Arabic language scholars in Shiraz University to better comprehend the text. Secondly, the related literatures have been studied and compared. These phases help us to know that the key point in misunderstanding and/or different interpretations of Kashi’s Muqarnas types lie on different comprehension of Muqarnas fundamental units as were described by al-Kashi. This paper introduces the components as follows: outer shell, inner shell, lower roof, upper roof, facet and facet base.  That is preventing from inaccurate use of technical vocabulary for identification of Muqarnas structures and also resulting in more accurate and concise understanding of Al-Kashi Muqarnas typologies.
Furthermore, using the introduced Muqarnas components in previous phase, a detailed identification of Al-Kashi Muqarnas typologies is presented.  In his Article Al-Kashi classified Muqarnas into four main categories namely Simple (sazej/sade), clay-plastered (motayyan), curved (ghos) and Shirazi.
In addition, the present research has searched for the constituent structure, the elements, and units of this complex structure, by examining Kashani's approach and recognizing the productive components of muqarnas from his point of view. In this regard, we have tried to draw all the possible situations and modes according to the realities of muqarnas, through logical reasoning.
In total, 16 elements can be identified as compositional examples according to the principles of construction of muqarnas. Thirteen elements have been seen exactly in real examples in Iran, and the rest of the elements have been seen in other examples of Muqarnas in the world or in later models of muqarnas, i.e. radial patterns. In addition, it was found that the muqarnas with checkerboard principles have precise principles and the existence of symmetry and the use of a series of fixed values ​​and sizes (1.1/2 √(2), 1-√(2) and 0.765367) in total.

Achieving spaces with high quality and efficiency to ensure the security and comfort of the human body and mind is one of the most important goals of sustainable architecture. The history of climate design in our country dates back to several thousand years ago. By studying the indigenous buildings in each climate, it is clear that they are designed entirely on the basis of climatic principles and in order to make maximum use of natural energy and deal with annoying cold and heat. The use of mechanical systems in today's architecture, along with providing comfort, has created negative environmental and economic consequences. While looking at the experiences of predecessors in indigenous architecture, the approach of improving the quality of architecture can be seen in creating spaces with the principles of climate design. One of the climatic design strategies for achieving thermal comfort in summer has been the creation of pond spaces in traditional houses with cold climates. In this research, the space of the pool house “howz-khâne” and the role of water in it and it's relation on the thermal comfort of the residents of the pool house, a case study of the pool house of Qadaki house in Tabriz, has been studied Then, based on the maps and the existing situation, the case is modeled. The presence of details in the geometry makes the process of simulation and achieving results difficult, so simplifications and the integrity of the model have been considered. Therefore, in order to accurately estimate the results in this study, the Energy Plus simulation engine was used. The energy model was first created in the Grasshopper user interface, which is a graphical and parametric programming environment in Rhino software. In the modeling process, a simplified volumetric model of the summer residence of Qadaki House was generated using Rhino software's own tools and then converted into an energy model using the Ladybug plugin in the Grasshopper environment. The simulated thermal comfort was determined using temperature and relative humidity during the day, PMV comfort patterns, temperature sensation, PPD dissatisfaction percentage and biological thermal adaptation of individuals in summer for the zoning. Different zonings have been done in two modes of presence and absence of water in the pool house. The results of the simulations indicate that the presence of water has a significant effect on reducing the temperature and increasing the relative humidity, satisfaction and biological adaptation of the inhabitants.

Tectonics is one of the theoretical concepts and a method of studing the history of architecture which pays attention to both technical and artistic dimensions at the same time. A concept in which there are dual concepts of technique and aesthetics. In Islamic architecture of Iran until the end of the Qajar period, this attention to both the structure and the decorative surface was very evident in buildings whose main material was mostly brick, but its principles were not known. With the entry of new materials and construction methods  from the end of the Qajar period, tectonic methods and the interaction of art and technique were forgotten and Iranian architecture faced a crisis. This research question: What are the technical and artistic tectonic rules of bricks in Hakim mosque of Isfahan in the 10th to 13th )AH( centuries? This research seeks to know the technical and artistic tectonic characteristics of bricks in Isfahan in the 10th to 13th centuries in order to know Islamic architecture of Iran.
The researches on the tectonic of bricks in Iranian architecture have not been done, Therefore, in order to understand the tectonics of bricks based on the paradigm of interpretive epistemology, and qualitative content analysis with an explanatory orientation and based on the theory of Karl Betticher and Gottfried Semper, and with the method of collecting library information and gathering tools based on referring to documents and field research, the tectonic characteristics of bricks have been studied in Isfahan's Hakim mosque.
By analyzing the qualitative content of tectonic bricks in general(shaped and structural structure) the articulation and the decorative surface in Hakim Mosque, it was revealed: The brick architecture of Iran has been formed under the rules of structural and shape principles of tectonics in the whole architecture, articulation of surfaces in intermediate scale and decorative surfaces in  micro scale .The principles that show the characteristics of technical and artistic construction in brick architecture. The brick architecture is finished with jagged, domed, smooth and sloping surfaces and with stone and pyramids foundations and coping brick with Moaghali decorations is  started and  coping brick above and below the inscriptions and confined brick are used throughout the walls. Also, Articulations based on(connecting surfaces) in intermediate scale (such as wick corners in Jurgir Sardar) and Articulations based on(surface separator) in micro scale (such as border ,zigzag and strip, arched border, concave arched, and header brick edging) have been used. Also On a micro scale, decorative-structural brick surfaces(Jurgir Sardar Moaghali brick work, basket weave  brickwork and plinth Moaghali brickwork) and decorative(tile surfaces such as: Moaghali, Moarragh, seven colors and linear) with arrangements(striped, raking,alternating, head and straight) are used. In all three scales(general, intermediate and micro) technical and artistic features are related.  These relation under tectonic rules express technical and artistic costruction and the culture of Stereotomic construction in Hakim mosque brick architecture. The construction culture that has appears by adding and subtracting brick material and it is a confirmation of Karl Betticher and Gottfried Semper of tectonic theory.

Identity is one of the most critical issues facing developing societies and one of the ideals that most Islamic countries have focused on more than ever so that cultural studies in recent years have focused more than ever on the revival of Culture and identity. One of the most common theories in the analysis of social issues has been Antony Giddens' theory of "Structuration", which has proposed the combined relationship between structure and agent in order to combine micro and macro theories. In this regard, it has many similarities with most cultural studies, focus on the concept of "action." Culture finds its identity manifested in social acts and actions, so social actions and forms crystallize a collective culture. Giddens observed that in social analysis, the term of the structure generally referred to "rules and resources" and, more specifically to "the structuring properties allowing the 'binding' of time-space in social systems like architecture." These properties make it possible for similar social practices to exist across time and space, lending them a "systemic" form. In this regard, it seems that it is possible to analyze social actions in residential spaces by relying on Giddens construction theory, which has not been done in previous studies.
This research approach is qualitative, and the strategy of logical reasoning and the method of collecting information is library studies. Therefore, the central question of the research is what the dimensions of architectural construction in residential spaces with a cultural approach are? The general purpose of this study is to explain the cultural aspects of residential architecture and the data collection method based on library studies. The research findings indicate that in the cultural approach, the architecture of residential spaces as a system is a reproduction of the culture of the family institution and has rules and resources that should be studied. The elements and components of residential spaces are the reproduction of family culture and influenced by family culture and structure, so the rules and resources governing the continuation or transformation of the family institution as the structure of residential spaces lead to the reproduction of its architectural system. This reproduction in the form of architectural patterns in time and space creates the identity of residential spaces. As a result, it can be said that in the cultural approach, the rules and resources that form the family as a social structure should be analyzed. This analysis is searchable in four dimensions of "jurisprudential rulings and traditions governing the actions of the inhabitants of residential spaces", "environment, and technical and welfare facilities in constuction of residential spaces", "Norms, concepts and ethical values of housing and inhabitants" and "rules and regulations governing the actions of family members and the architecture of residential spaces" in three axes of individual, social and human tendencies to nature.  So the study of the dimensions and components extracted from this research in the developments of residential spaces is recommended for future research in structuration of Residential spaces.

The study of historical houses has always been considered for various reasons.  Some researches, by studying a collection of buildings, try to identify a type or types, which increases the quality and quantity of architecture cognition and their results can be compared with other typological studies. Researchers use different approaches and methods based on their questions and objectives. It is especially used for recognizing the aspects of building sharing and designing a species or pattern for them. Focusing on the shape and its combinations is one of the approaches that is useful for recognizing the similarities  and identifying a type or pattern for them.
In order to study the Qajar houses in Kerman city, this research focuses on their shape and geometric aspects and tries to extract the commonalities and similarities of the houses base on the organization of elements and the layout of spaces and if possible, propose a model for them. For this purpose, first, the houses that remained from the Qajar period in Kerman city and their documents were available were identified, then, for a systematic review, two indices of mass (micro scale) and Courtyard structure (macro scale) were applied, and their components were defined. Mass index examines the organization and composition of the elements of the house in the plan to give a clear and measurable understanding of the possible order of the elements in the different sides of the courtyard. The courtyard structure index examines the central role of the courtyard in the organization of the house. Examining the samples based on the mentioned indicators showed that some commonalities can be observed such as how to expand and develop the house as well as spatial organization in the houses. The second spatial layer was mostly formed on the north side and the room-corridor combination was the dominant combination of the plan. The elements that were placed in the facades of the courtyard, although they may have been coordinated with each other in terms of number, but they were not the same in terms of dimensions, and as a result, the symmetry that existed in the facade could not be seen in the plan. In a general view, it is possible to point out the architects' freedom of action and lack of symmetry in the organization of elements in the plan. Examining the courtyard from the orientation point of view showed that the north-south direction is more common than the east-west direction with a slight difference, but this orientation (north-south) was dominant in the houses that were larger and the second layers of space were added to them.
Similarities that can be seen in the formation of the second layer and facade  is a sign of the regularity of the spatial organization of the plan, and also the façade symmetry, which is a sign of the geometric formation of the plan. These similarities show the existence of a type; however, a freedom of action can be seen in the arrangement of facades and opposite sides of the courtyard and the architect's non-commitment to apply a complete symmetry and a specific pattern. It is necessary to mention the number of samples as one of the limitations of the research which is an important in choosing the samples.  However, in the course of its efforts to identify and introduce a species for Qajar houses in Kerman, some indicators for the analysis of houses which are not constrained to the specific period or building can be used in further researches on a large scale for different types of historical buildings.

Since the emergence of the Islamic religion, Bazaar has been one of the main formative aspects of the Islamic city layout and a center of its social life; however, the current position of some of these Bazaars in facing the new requirements of different societies, and consequently, the urban development systems, is not fully determined, leading to their inefficiency and deterioration. Nonetheless, the trading rules in Islam have had meaningful relationships with the economic, sociocultural, service sector, and managerial mechanisms, as well as with the urban characteristics and their relevant spaces in the Islamic Bazaars. While the pivotal role of Bazaars in the Near East has been the focus of many studies, the notion of Bazaars with respect to the Islamic worldview and its impact on the urban planning and architecture of Islamic societies has been less investigated. Therefore, the present study has aimed to analyze this notion, using quantitative studies obtained from the archival and field data, as well as their analysis based on a nonexperimental method with a descriptive-analytical strategy. According to former studies, although Islamic civilization flourished after the pre-Islamic empires and dynasties, the specific requirements of Islamic societies were later embodied and found their special nature over time. This could be identified in the functional and physical systems of the Islamic cities and their relevant elements like Bazaars, where various principles have been considered. For instance, the necessity of learning Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh), in line with the knowledge and expertise needed for payment and transaction method regulations, promoting production, improving the quality of products, as well as heightened spirituality and ethical conduct to establish healthy relationships among merchants, and finally, activity organization and security were all some of the rules and principles that have led to semantic authenticity and sustainability of these structures during different eras. Corresponding to these rules and principles, special physical systems have emerged and evolved in the structure of the Bazaars. Hence, the findings in the present study could prevent incorrect interventions for the alleged “physical preservation,” regardless of the initial architectural purpose and role of each functional and physical component in the Islamic historic Bazaars. Furthermore, these findings facilitate building a suitable context to repair and re-establish the existing spaces and activities in these Bazaars, as well as transferring authentic concepts and their numerous hidden values to the current and future generations.

In recent years, according to the increasing population and the growth of cities, the movement of people in the urban environment and access are among the key issues in the quality of urban spaces. In this regard, urban infrastructures and the spatial location of activities are particularly important as factors determining the way of travel, ease of transportation, and accessibility. Walking is the most natural way of moving citizens on city streets. Pedestrian movement is the most important way to observe the streets, and walking on the streets has a spatial identity, a sense of belonging, and receiving the qualities of the urban space. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the urban space capability of the Safaris pedestrian walkway in Ardabil city as a pedestrian route. Effective criteria in this regard are determined by analyzing the spatial quality of the route. In this regard, choosing the right policy to improve the position of pedestrians in the city and reduce the dominance of cars in the historical context of Sheikh Safi Ardabil, it has been tried, examining the quality and existing spatial features, the possibility of converting the pedestrian path of Sferis into a pedestrian axis (reducing traffic private cars, not their complete elimination) should be paid.
For this purpose, after introducing the historical context of Sheikh Safi and the axis under study, the quality of the Safaris sidewalk has been measured and evaluated with the help of documentary studies and survey methods (preparation and completion of a questionnaire by 383 passers-by and citizens). The results of the research show that the design and implementation of the Safaris sidewalk have been suitable for the quality of urban life and spatial quality in this field, aesthetic, urban view, flooring, urban furniture, human discovery, etc. However, despite the acknowledgment of passers-by to the favorable changes after organizing the axis as a pedestrian path, most of the respondents emphasized the problems such as traffic, low accessibility of citizens, and the local economy of that area. However, despite the acknowledgment of the pedestrians, it deals with better changes after the organization as a sidewalk; the problems related to the answers are given by the issues such as traffic, access to local areas, and the local economy of that area. As a result, this plan has not been able to answer all the issues in this field and it has caused dissatisfaction among some residents in this area. Identifying the existing weaknesses and redesigning with a comprehensive approach should be done in this plan.

With the expansion of educational centers in various academic disciplines, especially architecture, and the unequal balance between academic education and the production of technical knowledge, the training of creative learners becomes necessary. Failure to pay attention to the different learning styles of students is one of the disadvantages of traditional architecture education systems. Considering the importance of creative education in today's pluralistic era, in the first step, it has given a brief opinion on the importance of group formation in the development and strengthening of interpersonal skills and the learners themselves, in the second step, it introduces Ned Herman's whole-brain model to provide a method for forming creative groups, and in the third step, it measures creativity in class group work, individual home work, and the final project in three selected educational centers in Tabriz and Bonab in the modeling workshop and examining the role of groups. Creative works on increasing the individual creativity of students based on statistical analysis and based on the HBDI scale (Hermann's Brain Mastery Instrument). In the fourth step, it is devoted to the analysis of thinking tendencies and creativity by making a comparison between education in the virtual and face-to-face era. Among the three factors that affect education (individual, teacher and educational environment), the authors, by accepting the student management system, consider the importance of the teacher in controlling and directing creative workshops, and in setting the lesson plan, he considers the teaching method to be effective, which is the foundation, facilitator and incentive to lead to comprehensive and independent education. In this article, due to the importance of educating creative people, recent theories about the brain process were studied, and Ned Herman’s all-brain model was used considering that the latest model is more compatible with architectural workshops. In the fourth step, it is dedicated to the analysis of thinking and creativity by making comparisons between virtual and face-to-face education. It seems that in an activity like architecture that needs to be examined from different aspects or should have different activities in combination, teamwork experience is an effective version. Since the nature of the field of architecture, especially design, requires the provision of several skills, and in the professional future, this need will be felt more strongly in the work environment outside, so the practice and experience of teamwork during education, in the development of interactive skills, cooperation and coordination of people can be beneficial. Design in practice is a collaborative activity. According to the need for teamwork in architecture offices and group harmony, the need for the formation of creative groups is felt. The findings of the research indicate that by gaining knowledge of the distinctive skills of people, a creative group can be formed for collective learning, which increases creativity in individual work at home and provides a better basis for the formation of new combinations of people in groups for the final project. Also, virtual workshops and fewer opportunities for group work in the virtual era have reduced creativity and average grades.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the provision of solutions based on crisis management in the historical market of Tabriz by benefiting from the components of social capital. The research method is mixed, and in better words, considering the theoretical nature of the present discussion and its connection with the concepts related to the components of social capital, the analysis of the text was investigated in two different parts. The research method in the qualitative part is descriptive-analytical, and library surveys and field studies were used to collect the required information. In the quantitative part, first, using the opinions of experts, weighting of physical factors was carried out using the hierarchical method (AHP). In the following, the studies obtained from the theoretical foundations led to the extraction of social capital variables, which were measured further after determining the influencing factors and according to the questionnaire compiled in SPSS software, and finally for summarizing and presenting Effective solutions were used from interviews and their coding, which were analyzed in MAXQDA software. The results of the hierarchical analysis show that earthquakes, intentional destruction, fires, and finally floods can cause the most risks, respectively. The analytical results of the statistical tests section show that the most positive effect in solving crisis management issues is the "sense of place and belonging" component. The "religious beliefs" component has also won the second rank among these five components, which shows the religious identity of the historical market of Tabriz and the high potential of this in solving the internal problems of the market. The outputs of the qualitative part of the article (recorded interviews) as well as the codings show that things like "awareness of the desired situation", "solving problems related to market infrastructure" and "providing heating and cooling optimally" and " Marketers' satisfaction" as a way to increase participation in solving physical problems (especially the four main damages of earthquake, flood, deliberate destruction and fire).

The depreciation of historical urban fabrics in term of their different physical and functional aspects has caused many problems in the ancient cities such as population displacement, social and economic issues and encountered the residents with various problems. While, such urban fabrics have huge tourism attractions due to the presence of historical monuments as tangible heritages from on hand and the cultural events and rituals as in tangible heritages on the other hand. The experiences of the successful historical cities around the world, which attract tourists, confirm that by considering those potentials they are not only able to meet their residents but to be attractive places for tourists’ present as well. Walkability as one of the most important qualities which providing a desirable routes in general and in the tourism axes in particular has been considering in the research to improve the users' experiences in those mentioned spaces. Sepah Street of Qazvin city has been selected as a case study due to its historical significance as the first designed street in Iran and its different tourism attractions. In this regard, in the first step "walkability" and its different parameters were investigated and categorized based on the existing researches. In the next step, to explore the influential parameters enhancing walkability a survey study was performed in the tourism axis of Qazvin city as the case study and its four different dimensions including: accessibility, safety and security, desirability (amenities and facilities), comfort and environmental considerations were examined. In the research, 100 residents and users were participated and the results analyzed by SPSS software and its relevant statistical exams. The results indicate that all fore mentioned dimensions had the significant meaningful correlation with the walkability quality as the dependent variable and more importantly, comfort and tranquility of the place was the most significant physical parameter among other relationships between dependent and independent variables by maximum spearman's correlation degree (sig=0 and spearman's Correlation= 0.770). At final step of the research, in order to investigate of participants' point of views about the case study and clarify the case condition a research was conducted applying a quantitative and qualitative method. By this aim in mind, participants were asked to express their needs and expectations in the selected case study in the order of their priorities.  The collected data were categorized based on the meanings and subjects expression by participants including: place activities, physical place features, accessibility and aesthetics parameters. The recent step of the study was accomplished by performing a hierarchy analysis of the participants’ responses in those mentioned category. The results showed that aesthetics parameter has been the most important feature in the participants' evaluations and place activities, accessibility and physical characters were the next parameters in order. Considering the participants' priorities the lowest means has been belonged to the physical aspects of the place, which can be justified by the desirable physical conditions of the place conducting participants' minds and attitudes toward their superior needs like aesthetic and beauty of the place and its importance to encourage people presence in the streets and to improve place walkability.

The "in-between space" in residential environments is placed between the street and residential units. This arena has a mediating role and creates a connection between different arenas, including the private arena and the public arena. The "in-between space" is known as a platform for the formation of meetings, encounters, and interactions between neighbors, but nowadays in most residential environments, this area has been removed or is not of much attention in terms of quality. "in-between space" is the first place that residents encounter after leaving the private territory inside their home; It is a suitable platform for the formation of sweet collective memories; memories that have been directly experienced by people or they have gained knowledge about it in various ways, such as memories of national ceremonies and "Nowruz Eid", religious ceremonies and Muharram mourning, family and friends birthday celebrations, memories related to the current affairs of life, etc. Memories that are the introduction of place identity, In a residential environment where the necessary grounds for social communication are provided, more collective memories are formed and in this way, the probability of human attachment to that environment increases. therefore, identifying the architectural components in these areas is necessary to form sweet collective memories to improve the quality of "in-between space" in residential environments. This research aims to answer this main question: in the "in-between space" of residential environments, what are the effective architectural components in the formation of sweet collective memories? The research method is qualitative research. They studied community as specialists in the fields of architecture and urban planning, housing, and environmental psychology. The sampling method is a combination of theoretical sampling with an available sample approach and snowball sampling. In this research, architectural components for the formation of sweet collective memories were obtained according to the opinions of academic experts after an open-ended questionnaire with experts through contextual theory and open and axial coding techniques. The results of this research indicate that in the "in-between space" of residential environments, Sweet collective memories are formed through the presence in the place, sociability, the possibility of events, and imagery, although these components are necessary for the formation of collective memories, they are not sufficient. Every presence or every social interaction or every event or every image does not cause the formation of collective memories, and for each of these components, the micro-components affecting the formation of collective memories should be known. This research concludes that for the formation of collective memory through the presence of 3 micro-components of functional efficiency, flexibility, and naturalism, it is necessary; Also, for the formation of collective memory through the sociability of 3 micro-components of scalability, marking to create distinction for behavioral domains, adaptability of space and furniture; For the formation of collective memory through the event ability of 3 micro-components of spatial integration, diversity of behavioral locations, physical-structural hierarchy, and  for the formation of collective memory through the visualization of 3 micro-components of sensory richness, the familiarity of form, the visual quality is necessary.