مجله حقوق کودک
پیاپی 15 (پاییز 1401)

The main purpose of the current research is to identify what and how the right of children to have a family is in the official documents committed by Iran at the level of the Islamic world and internationally. The current research approach is qualitative and the research method is document analysis.

The current research approach is qualitative and the research method is document analysis.

The findings indicate that in the field of family rights, Iran's laws, Shariah rulings and the Covenant of Children's Rights in Islam, which Iran adheres to base on Islamic-Shia culture and regional commitments of the Islamic world, The Convention on the Rights of the Child is also the reference and determining policy for children's rights at the international level or "global community", which Iran has committed to since the early 70s.

The results show that having a family is one of the most important and basic rights for a child and the realization of many of the child's rights depends on the institution of the family, but when the child is deprived of family for various reasons, the government is obliged to take care of the child and creating an institution that replaces the family for him; Regarding the replacement of the family, there are differences of opinion between the commitments of the Islamic world and the international level, of course, none of them can be considered absolute right or wrong, but both sides have their pros and cons, which are partially explained in the course of the text were analyzed, but definitely in the two mentioned cases, the society of Iran will be different based on its social and cultural contexts compared to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

In the last few decades, the approved and amended laws on disabled rights have placed tasks and obligations on the shoulders of the government in order to meet the important and essential needs of these vulnerable groups and it is assumed that these obligations cover the entire target society. This study seeks to clarify the issue whether, according to Article 1 (definition of disability), these laws have included all people, especially the mentally disabled, from the beginning or not?

This research is a review type and information collection is done by librarydocumentary method.

Disability as a social issue has been given less attention and this has brought problems and limitations for the disabled, especially the mentally disabled and in the policy, legislation and planning system (fair distribution of social facilities) their issues have been less addressed.

The comprehensive law for the protection of the disabled has shortcomings that are caused by the lack of recognition of the individual and family characteristics and problems of these people. Discrimination of mentally disabled people against normal people of society and even against other disabled people in terms of gender (the conditions of a disabled woman and a disabled man are not equal) as well as the realities of the society in facing these people, existing rules, relations and social planning are all proof of this claim that the correct image of the reality of the problems of these people and their families is not reflected in the society.

The pandemic and globalization of the corona virus disrupted normal life all over the world, and there is always the fear of its reoccurrence or similar diseases. Among the consequences of these widespread diseases are school closures, restrictions, remote work, education and social distancing, which have affected everyone in some way. Children also suffer from problems and injuries in this situation and they need special care and support to fully benefit from their rights. The extent of the impact of pandemics on the life of children, including not attending school and staying away from their peers, lack of activity in the environment and outdoors, changes in economic conditions, anxiety and worry about health, have been among the most important topics analyzed in this research and the answer to the issue of how to protect children, support them and secure their rights in this situation has been examined.

This article is descriptive-analytical and using the library method, by reviewing articles, books and legal instruments.

The Corona crisis has put the future of a generation at risk, the vulnerability of children in this era has increased significantly compared to before, and as a result, it is necessary to make the right decision and it requires more understanding and effort from the family, society and the government.

Neglecting the effects of mental injuries and educational and educational problems resulting from the pandemic on children is irreparable. Based on paragraph 1 of Article 3 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which emphasizes the best interests of the child; It is necessary to plan short-term and long-term programs in the three branches of the country, including the establishment of more explicit regulations, as well as informing the audience through communication tools such as media, virtual space, and educational brochures in order to prevent serious risks and minimize their damage, so that families and society can are working hard together to protect the rights of children.

The concept of citizen and citizenship rights is sometimes considered so general that it gives the impression that all citizens have the same needs or that they have the same ability to demand their desires. However, due to their special characteristics, children cannot defend their rights and benefit and the issues related to their urban life should be prioritized in the society's work.

This present research tries to explain the most important rights of children in cities by studying the different areas affecting children's rights in cities, by means of examining the data through descriptive-analytical method.

Children are citizens who are still unfamiliar with many social issues around them and they are at the beginning of searching and discovering their living environment. The necessity of recognizing children's rights in the field of urban rights is important because they, Because they, as one of the most important pillars of society, are exposed to the most harm and threats and considering the nascent recognition of children's rights in cities at the global level, especially in Iran and international organizations efforts such as UNICEF to further promote these rights, managers and city policymakers are expected to take appropriate measures in this area.

Although needed theoretical steps have been taken by Iran's urban institutions in this area; in practice there is a long way to reach the desired condition of children.

Committing crimes by adolescents is a problem that has been the concern of lawyers and sociologists for a long time and is still one of the major topics of human sciences. A review of the number of crimes in the world and in our own country is indicative of the fact that committing crimes by adolescents is one of the major issues of our society, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the commission of crimes among adolescents and also to investigate the causes of committing crimes by adolescents and in This article also deals with ways to prevent and deal with committing crimes by adolescents.

In this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way, the library method was used.

Identifying crime-causing factors is the first step in the fight against social deviations and crime, so that by eliminating these factors or reducing their effects, the occurrence of crimes can be prevented or at least reduced in the society.

As a result, the most important factor in committing crimes among teenagers is the family environment, and after the family, other factors such as economic, social, cultural, etc. play an effective role in committing crimes by adolescents.

Due to the lack of legal clarity regarding children's right to privacy, especially children's informational privacy, Another is that due to weak physical strength, young age and inability to defend themselves, children are at a greater risk of having a negative experience of privacy violations, including frustration and loss of self-confidence in social life (school and peer groups), their delinquency and re-victimization and even labeling, In this research, we have sought to find this issue that despite the lack of legal clarity in this regard, if is there basically no protection of the right of children's information privacy in the laws.

The research method is descriptive and data collection was done in a library way.

By interpreting and analyzing some domestic laws and bills, including the Constitution, the Criminal Procedure Law, the Protection of Children and Adolescents Law, the Islamic Penal Code and the laws related to privacy and special police for children, we found out that this right exists implicitly and in the heart of different laws for children as well as adults and where it is explicitly protected, it is the law for the protection of children and adolescents it has considered privacy along with the guarantee of implementation and in some cases, such as the privacy protection bill, it has incompletely supported this right.

Wherever there is a need for legislation, the legislators have written laws, but some of these laws are ambiguous or incomplete, which need to be amended and completed and in addition, more support should be given to them.