فصلنامه تازه های بیوتکنولوژی سلولی مولکولی
پیاپی 51 (تابستان 1402)

 Due to the growing need of industries for raw materials and high environmental hazards of chemical products, many researchers and manufacturers have turned their attention to the use of biological products, especially products of microbial origin. In this study, the potential of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus flavus for resistance to ultra violet light in the range of 350-290 nm has been evaluated.

two species of fungi Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus flavus, after being purchased as lyophilized powder, were cultured in various culture media for 10 days to select the appropriate culture medium to produce the maximum biomass. Samples were cultured in selective culture medium, PDA, for 7 days and after drying the biomass and separation of pigments, the amount of SPF parameter and the survival of colonies on the culture medium in the presence of ultraviolet rays were measured.

Both types of fungi can withstand 350 nm for about 20 minutes, but the resistance of the fungi to light is 290 nm is much lower. Also, the SPF of Aspergillus flavus is higher than that of Aspergillus oryzae. Thus, it can be concluded that the pigments of Aspergillus oryza and Aspergillus flavus have shown good protection against ultraviolet rays. Therefore, these natural pigments can be used as alternatives to chemicals in industry.

the pigments of Aspergillus fungi studied have shown good protection against ultraviolet rays and have good potential for use in industry.

Microbial pigments are a type of secondary metabolite that can play a good role due to their antimicrobial properties. Prodigiosin is an antimicrobial tri-pyrrole pigment that can be extracted from Serratia marcescens. Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan that enters the human reproductive system. Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease treated with metronidazole. Side effects and drug resistance are the two main problems of this drug that make doctors look for new treatments. The aim of this study was to extract prodigiosin pigment from Serratia marcesens to evaluate the antiparasitic properties of this pigment against Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro.

Serratia marcescens strain RTCC 2281 was purchased from Razi Institute and mass cultivated. prodigiosin was extracted using Ethyl acetate and acetone tools and the relativity of the pigment was confirmed by TLC chromatography, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and its effect on Trichomonas vaginalis and PC12 cell line was examined in different concentrations.

Prodigiosin pigment at 10000 μg/ml in 24 hours and 5000 μg/ml and 2500 in 48 hours caused 100%, 92.89%, and 84.26% growth inhibition of the parasite. Its IC50 in 48 hours was 112.8 μg/ml and the CC50 of this pigment on the PC12 cell line reached 842.4 μg/ml.

This pigment was tested on Trichomonas vaginalis and its toxicity on the cell line was 7.46 times (SI = 7.46), so it can be concluded that prodigiosin pigment had an antiparasitic effect more comprehensive study of prodigiosin composition in vitro and in vivo is suggested.

 Among functional foodstuffs, the use of probiotics is rapidly increasing now. Probiotics are defined as living microorganisms that are beneficial to a person when consumed in sufficient quantities. Among probiotics, lactic acid bacteria are the most popular. Given the high number of probiotic bacteria in the gut, probiotics seem to be one of the most interesting candidates for the treatment of the Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics strengthen Paneth and Goblet cells in the gut by enlarging the mucosa. They also modulate the gut microbiota by maintaining balance and suppressing the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the gut. This research aimed was to isolate and identify new isolates of lactic acid bacteria from the traditional dairy products of the region of Azerbaijan (Varzeqan), with appropriate human probiotic ability.

 In this study, lactic acid bacteria in dairy products of the Varzeqan region of East Azerbaijan were isolated and characterized by biochemical and molecular methods and their probiotic ability was evaluated. The isolates were then selected using morphological characteristics, gram staining, catalase test, growth test at 15, 37, and 40 ° C, fermentation ability in different sugars, acid resistance, bile salts, arginine hydrolysis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used for molecular characterization.

 In this study, 104 isolates of dairy samples were purified and evaluated for probiotic properties of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Enterococcus. By examining the probiotic properties in these isolates, 13 isolates showed good probiotic capability.

 According to the results, Lactobacilli isolates had a good ability to be probiotic in terms of acid tolerance and bile salts and could have sufficient survival for use in the gastrointestinal tract.

The results showed the traditional dairy products of the region of Azerbaijan have a desirable potential to isolation of suitable human probiotics.

The effect of silver nanoparticles on inhibiting cancer cells has been determined. One of the ways to optimize nanoparticles is their biosynthesis using plant extract, which can affect their efficiency and anti-cancer effect. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nasturtium officinale seed extract and its effect on MCF-7 cell line.

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed using the aqueous extract of Cheshme grass. The compounds in Cheshmeh grass were investigated with the help of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The parameters affecting biosynthesis of nanoparticles, including pH and reaction temperature, were investigated and optimized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy technique. The effect of synthesized nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells was evaluated by measuring cell death and apoptosis by MTT and Annexin V/PI test.

The plasmogen resonance absorption band of silver nanoparticles were confirmed. The most composition of Cheshme grass plant was related to benzyl isothiocyanate, phenyl ethyl isothiocyanate, and glucosinolate respectively. The optimal pH for the production of silver nanoparticles was 10, and the nanoparticle biosynthesis was improved by increasing the pH. Also, increasing the temperature up to 65 degrees had a positive effect on biosynthesis and the initial rate of nanoparticle formation. Based on the MTT assay, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, based on the findings of the flow cytometry of apoptosis toxicity induced in MCF-7 cells at a concentration of 32 μg/ml, apoptosis was observed at about 72.2%.

The aqueous extract of Chashmeh grass can be effectively used as a source of reducing and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and nanoparticles biosynthesized with plant extract can effectively prevent the growth of cancer cells, as an anticancer drug. be used.

Nitrate is one of the inorganic anions derived from the oxidation of elemental nitrogen. Nitrate contamination of groundwater and surface water has become a critical problem. Therefore, achieving the new technologies for nitrate removal is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of bio denitrification by thiobacillus denitrificans in the presence of quantum dot metal-carbon nanoparticles (CQD-Fe0) in a bioreactor.

Fe0 nanoparticles were synthesized by the liquid-phase reduction method, also called the borohydride reduction method and for biocompatibility, uniform distribution, and non agglomeration, Fe0 was coated with carbon quantum-dot. Characterization of nanoparticles was determined by XRD, TEM, FESEM, and FTIR. The biological process of nitrate removal was investigated in the presence and absence of nanoparticles. The expression of nirS, narH and recA genes was also assessed using real-time PCR.

The FTIR spectrum confirmed the formation of CQD-Fe0 bonds. The average diameter of CQD-Fe0 nanoparticles was in the range of 29.31 to 38.32 nm. Denitrification in the presence of CQD-Fe0, with increasing temperature (35C°) was 73.43%. In discontinuous conditions, bio denitrification was obtained for CQD-Fe0 nanoparticles 79.8312%. In the bioreactor, biodenitrification, in the presence of CQD-Fe0 nanoparticles, 95% was obtained. Examination of gene expression showed that the expression of all three genes nirS, narH and recA in cells treated with nanoparticles significantly increased compared to the control group, which indicates the high impact of these nanoparticles on the bio denitrification of this microorganism. 

Therefore, with further experiments, it is hoped that removing nitrate with Nanoparticles Zero Iron (nZVI) from water resources would be possible.

Pancreatic cancer leaves little hope for survival among patients. This is due to its cancerous cell resistance to radiation and chemicals.

Synergistic effect between three modalities of pancreatic cancer treatment is investigated. These are radiation therapy, Hyperthermia and graphene oxide nanosheets. The aim is to overcome resistance of pancreatic cancer cell against radiation therapy.Cancerous cell lines were treated by each one of three modalities separately. Other samples were treated with various combinations of these modalities. Hyperthermia accomplished with placing cell lines for 15 min in 42°C. In the course of radiation therapy, the cancerous cells were irradiated by 6 MV Linac for two cases of 2 Gy and 3 Gy. The cell line viability was readout by MTT assay in 24 hours and 48 hours after treatment.

In single modality treatment it was shown that 24h after the treatment, the group treated by RT 3 Gy had the highest cell killing result. Following up the result in 48h readout, hyperthermia and 3 Gy radiotherapy had similar result. In double modality treatment, for both 24h and 48h viability readout, the group graphene -oxide plus 2 Gy radiotherapy showed cell survival amounting to 67.07% and 43.23% respectively being the lowest cell survival among all double combinations.

In triple modality treatment, the cell viability for 24h showed no significant improvement but in 48h the hyperthermia plus Graphene -oxide and 3 Gy radiotherapy had very low cell viability. Significant sensitizing effect for GO when combined by radiation therapy was observed.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve the adaptation and stress tolerance by making changes in the gene expression pattern of the host plant. Therefore, investigating the expression profile of genes induced in the host plants mediated by mycorrhiza is necessary to further understand the molecular mechanisms of response to water stress. This research was conducted with the aim of studying the transcriptomics of wheat roots, in order to identify key genes and molecular mechanisms of mycorrhiza-mediated water deficit (WD) tolerance.

In the present study, the pattern of expression of Triticum aestivum L. roots (Chamran Cultivar) inoculated with AMF, Funneliformis mosseae was investigated. For this purpose, four different treatment combinations were performed: inoculated plants under water deficit condition (AMF+/WD), inoculated plants under normal irrigation (AMF+/Ctrl), non-inoculated plants under water deficit condition (AMF-/WD), non-inoculated plants under normal irrigation (AMF-/Ctrl). Total RNA was extracted from the roots of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants and cDNA libraries were built and sequenced with Illumina technology.

Exercise is one of the most important strategies for controlling and treating blood glucose and hyperlipidemia and reduces the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Herniarin, which protects the liver, is also one of the most effective ingredients in natural plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate 4 weeks of swimming and hernia exercise training on lipid profile in streptozotocin diabetic animal model.

In the present study, 40 adult male rats weighing approximately 200-250 g were used. Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8: the first group included the control group, the second group was diabetic, the third group was diabetic + dose 300 herniarin, the fourth group was diabetic + exercise and the fifth group was diabetic + dose 300 herniarin + exercise. Swimming practice consisted of four weeks of swimming (inside a bathtub for forced rat swimming) in water at 25 to 30 ° C for 30 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Herniarin was induced by daily gavage and diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg / kg. One week after streptozotocin injection, treatment with hernia was performed at doses of 300 and 150 mg / kg for two weeks, daily and orally. Finally, lipid factor including Cho, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL were measured and the results were statistically analyzed as mean مع standard deviation.

The results showed that the mean of Cho and VLDL in the diabetic group receiving exercise were higher than the two diabetic groups receiving Herniarin and the diabetic receiving both hernia and exercise. The mean of LDL and TG in the diabetic group receiving Herniarin was higher than the two diabetic groups receiving exercise and the diabetic receiving both Herniarin and exercise. Finally, the results showed that the levels of Cho, TG, LDL and VLDL in the combined diabetic group of Herniarin and exercise were significantly decreased compared to the diabetic group, while HDL was significantly increased (p = 0.00).

The results of the study showed that aerobic exercise and the use of Herniarin and a combination of both methods simultaneously reduce plasma fat levels further. In addition, beneficial factors such as HDL have been increased in this regard, which can be an important help in diabetic patients.