مجله طب سنتی اسلام و ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 54، تابستان 1402)

Cow's milk has the most valuable micronutrients and has been a source of human energy since the Stone (Neolitic) Age. It has been described as the most nutritionally complete food in scientific texts. However, in recent years, there have been perceptions of threats of milk consumption. In this review study, the viewpoints of Iranian traditional medicine regarding cow milk and a comparative study with modern studies have been discussed. In traditional medicine, cow's milk has a moderate to warm nature (Mizaj) and is composed of three cheesy, fatty and watery components. It is the most suitable milk for human nutrition, especially children and the elderly. It is beneficial for intestinal and internal wounds and used in the treatment of some diseases such as constipation and skin diseases, lung diseases, obsession, forgetfulness and brain atrophy. Relieving pain and treating infertility are other uses of this food. Today, many studies have demonstrated the effects of consuming cow's milk in prevention of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases and diabetes, as well as osteoporosis and even some cancers. The results of this study showed that the compounds and some preventive and therapeutic properties of cow's milk, which have been proven in modern studies, have also been mentioned in traditional medicine texts. On the other hand, it seems that the reason for many perceptions about threats of cow milk consumption is lack of attention to genetic differences and physiological and social needs of humans and the balance and interaction between nutrients.

Astronomers have made predictions based on the study of astrological signs as well as movement of planets and stars and their influence on Earth, and have argued it according to astronomy. This science was initially the exclusive domain of astronomers, but gradually expanded to the field of medicine and treating the patients. The subjects related to the well-known astrological signs (Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces) in the zodiac and planets (Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, and Moon) in the solar system have a special effect according to Persian Medicine. The most important applications included recognizing the suitable moment for medical affairs, including determining the time of symptom onset in patients, composing drugs, prescribing pharmaceutical drugs, medicine consumption at the suitable moment, and finally restoring patient health. Astrological concepts that are more prominent in handwritten texts of three great Iranian sages, Abu Rayhan Biruni, Sayyid Isma‘il Jurjani, and Aqili Shirazi, are those related to predicting auspicious (sa'd) and infelicitous (nahs) moments for medical affairs.

One of the most important problems of coronary angiography candidatesis anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Melissa officinalis L. on the level of anxiety and physiological parameters of these patients.

A randomized clinical trial with a control group was conducted on 72 patients referred to Kordkuy Heart Hospital in 2021. Samples were selected as available and were allocated to two groups by simple random method (n=36 in each group). Data were gathered three times, before intervention, and minutes 3 and 20 from the beginning of intervention. Hemodynamic parameters were measured and Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was used to determine anxiety level. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18 with independent t-test, U-Man-Whitney, Chi-Square, and Fisher's exact test at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that 20 minutes after initiation of the intervention, the mean changes in heart rate was significantly lower in the intervention group (p=0.001). moreover, mean respiration rate in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group 20 minutes from the beginning of the intervention (p=0.002). Mean changes in anxiety was lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. This difference was not significant, but close to significant level (p=0.063).

Aromatherapy can reduce anxiety before angiography and is suggested as an alternative and safe care intervention.

Head lice is a parasitic disease that infects many children in the world every year. In Iranian traditional medicine references, Peganum harmala has been introduced as an anti-lice treatment, also effective on nits. This study investigated the effectiveness of the decoction of Peganum harmala seeds in the treatment of head louse.

Sixty eligible patients with head lice infestation were randomly assigned to receive either the 1% permethrin shampoo (an initial application followed by a second application seven days later) or a decoction of Peganum harmala seeds (instructed to apply to dry hair, leave on for 40 minutes then rinse; repeat in seven days). Assessments were made by dry detection combing on days 2, 8, and 15 after the first treatment. The number of adult lice and eggs were recorded and used to determine the effectiveness of the treatments via statistical analysis.

The effectiveness of permethrin and Peganum harmala was not significantly different among groups on days 2 and 15 of treatment (p=0.282 and p=0.077, respectively). However, permethrin shampoo was significantly more effective than Peganum harmala decoction on day 8 of treatment (p= 0.04). No significant difference in eradication rate of head lice was observed between the two groups at the end of study (p= 0.077).

Based on our findings, the effectiveness of permethrin and Peganum harmala was not significantly different in treatment of head lice in children. However, further clinical studies are needed to clarify the effecgtiveness of Peganum harmala in the treatment of head lice.

Recognizing types of diseases, their causes, and symptoms are important topics in medicine, which play a very important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. In this article, we introduced the book Aqsam-ul-Amraz, which divided diseases and explained their causes and symptoms based on Persian Medicine. In 1275 AH, Hakim Muhammad Shams al-Din ibn Hakim Hissam al-Din ibn Hakim Khwaja Muin al-Din penned the 128-page Treatise on Aqsam-ul-Amraz based on Persian Medicine. The manuscript of this book is kept in Nizamiyya Library, Hyderabad, India. In this treatise, the definitions, causes, reasons, and symptoms of about 490 diseases are described from head to toe in five sections. The five chapters and titles of this book include: 1. Diseases according to organs; 2. Diseases specific to men; 3. Diseases specific to women; 4. Skin and hair; and 5. Fevers. Written in the 13th century AH, this book contains non-Persian words and terms in different sections, and covers important information about the definition and classification of diseases and their causes and symptoms. Despite a small volume, the treatise on types of diseases contains valuable and accurate information for familiarizing with diseases. This book briefly states the main and important contents related to diseases in a fluent and clear manner without addressing different opinions. This book can be used by researchers in the field of Traditional Persian Medicine.

Medicine and medical education has constantly been of crucial importance in the Islamic civilization, with many discussions in ancient medical and historical texts dedicated to this issue. One of the most important topics discussed in ancient sources is the characteristics of professors and medical students. In advance to studying medicine, the student should have learned basic sciences and religious and moral books. In medical books and among physicians, there have been discussions about educational works and books, theoretical and practical medicine books, and also places and institutions of medical education, including medical circles, medical assemblies, and schools of theoretical and practical medicine. Muslim physicians invented novel ways of teaching. They wrote books and textbooks that specifically addressed medical education. Moreover, special schools and hospitals were established to teach theoretical and practical medicine by the medical scholars. Considering this issue, this article endeavors to explain this issue using a library method.