نشریه مطالعات جامعه شناختی در ورزش
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 9، زمستان 1402)

The sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other social realities (Brett, 2009). This is despite the fact that social order is one of the most important issues and topics discussed and, accordingly, it is one of the most central areas of sociological knowledge. On the other hand, sports in its group form as one of the most important social activities plays an effective role in the cultural conditions of the society. To meet the changing needs of customers, organizations need to produce and provide new and high-standard products and services in a fast and flexible way. The traditional structures of Taylorism that were used effectively in the past are not suitable in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Many scientists in various fields from all over the world came together to respond to this growing pressure. The basis of the success of these scientists is the need for organizational dynamics (Claretha, 2010). Organizational dynamism is a basic approach to managing environmental uncertainty and is considered as the dynamic ability of the organization to actively respond to the changing competitive environment, which may create a sustainable competitive advantage for the company (Ketkar & Sett, 2010). Research Lehman Wilmbrook and Allen (2018) showed that organizational dynamism has a positive and significant effect on the organizational performance of hospitals, and the more dynamic the organization is, the better it can react to environmental changes. In their research results, Besli et al. (2023) acknowledge that organizational culture is one of the factors influencing organizational dynamics. A review of the background of the research shows that a research that has not been done specifically to examine and identify the factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a sociological approach; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a social sociological approach and providing solutions to improve the current situation.

This research was conducted in a mixed way in terms of practical orientation and in terms of data collection methods. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, 371 people were selected. According to the nature of the research, data collection in the first part was done using in-depth semi-structured interviews in order to conduct the interview, The reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The value of alpha coefficient in this research for the used questionnaire was reported as 0.89. The method of data analysis was used in the qualitative section according to the foundation's data theory method. This method emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open, central and selective coding, and in the quantitative part, using inferential statistics methods including calculating the construct validity of the questionnaire and examining its exploratory factor analysis structure using Spss version 24 software. The calculation and testing of the final model of the research was done with the analysis of structural equations through Imus 24 software. Findings In the continuation of the goodness of fit test, the research model was confirmed. The indices along with the coefficients obtained from the research are mentioned in the table below.Table 1. Fit indices for the research model Model fit indices AGFI GFI CFI IFI NFI RMR RMSEA CMIN/DF The amount obtained 0.80>80 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.1< 0.1< 3< Criterion value 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.067 2.94 Based on the index values presented for this model in Table 5, the Kaido index is less than 3 for its degree of freedom, and the fit indices of NFI, CFI, IFI, GFI and AGFI are greater than 0.8, RMSEA and RMR are also smaller than 0.1. that confirmed the fit of the model.

Considering the importance of organizational dynamics in the current situation, for the country's sports organizations, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the identification of the influencing factors on the dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the form of a model. In this research, 7 influencing factors on organizational dynamics were identified, and their prioritization includes organizational structure, human resources, new management style, organizational policies, organizational culture, competitiveness, and acceptance of change.Based on the results of this research, one should look for approaches to change the socio-cognitive behavior of the employees of sports organizations; Because according to the results of the present study, changing the approach towards dynamic organizations is the only way to deal with continuous environmental changes and crises in sports; Therefore, according to the findings of the current research, it is recommended to the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their subordinate organizations to use the necessary planning and investment for the development of dynamics in sports organizations based on the identified priorities, in order to deal with the continuous changes in the environment. While responding faster and coordinating with new laws and conditions, achieve the desired goals of the organization with creativity and discovery of innovative processes. Among the limitations of the current research in the qualitative part of the research is the possibility of different interpretations of the phenomenon under investigation, and naturally, the interpretation made of the phenomenon studied in this research is only one of the possible and acceptable interpretations about it. In the quantitative part, the impossibility of controlling environmental factors on statistical samples when answering questions is one of the limitations of the research. Finally, it can be said that the findings of this research clearly pointed to important steps that can lead to the improvement of the existing dynamic situation of the organization with a social sociological approach to reach the desired situation.

Awareness of the values of physical activity affects the voluntary quality of students' personality and the level of their desire to succeed, and the positive attitude of students towards physical activity is an effective factor in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, intellectual abilities, and also the important characteristics of the profession. is The purpose of the current research is to explain the factors that shape the improvement of students' social status through sports activities: a case study of medical students.

The current research is of a mixed type, in terms of the purpose of the developmental-applicative type, the plan of its implementation is sequential-exploratory, and it was carried out in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes the assistant professors of physical education of the universities of medical sciences in the country, professors with books or research in the field of student sports, high-ranking people of the National Federation of University Sports, and for the quantitative part of the research, all students of medical sciences universities throughout Iran as a community were studied. The sampling method in the qualitative part included the purposeful sampling method (deliberate or judgmental), and the sampling was done using the snowball technique until the theoretical saturation was reached; which was obtained after interviewing 19 people. In the quantitative part, cluster random method was used and finally 400 people were selected as a sample. The data collection tool was used in the qualitative part of the semi-structured, in-depth and exploratory interview; The research audit was done with the methods of believability, transferability, reliability and verifiability. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. However, in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire from the qualitative part of the tool was used. Content validity was measured and confirmed by 10 expert professors in a corrective manner and in accordance with the objectives, and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach's alpha. Maxqda, SPSS and Amos software were used for the analysis.

The results showed that the codes extracted from the interview in 6 main categories are equal to 191 codes, the causal conditions are equal to 7 components and 27 codes, the central phenomenon is equal to 3 components and 11 extracted codes, the background conditions are equal to With 7 components and 36 extracted codes, intervention conditions are equal to 8 components and 41 extracted codes, strategic conditions are equal to 8 components and 43 codes, and consequential conditions are equal to 5 components and 24 extracted codes. Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that the causal factors on the central phenomenon (r=0.84); the central phenomenon on strategic factors (r=0.75); background factors over strategic factors (r=0.29); Interfering factors have a positive and significant effect on strategic factors (r=0.55) and strategic factors on outcome factors (r=0.28) (p≥0.05).

The development of university sports can guarantee the health of students and one of the effective factors in the development of sports in the country. Accordingly, the role of universities is important for the development of sports in the country. Identifying the platforms and factors for the development of sports in universities, especially universities of medical sciences, in addition to improving the health of students, improves the social status of students. What seems to be very important and necessary is the formulation of macro goals, policies and implementation strategies of university sports for students of medical sciences universities in a targeted manner and in accordance with the fourth development plan and the comprehensive system of physical education and sports. be the country Finally, by applying this model, we can hope that a tremendous change will be achieved in the field of improving the social status of medical students.

The aim of the current research was to analyze the social effects of sports for the elderly in Iran.

The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its execution method. The method used in this research is foundational data theory. The statistical population of this research is all sports science professors, sociology professors (due to their knowledge of the social issues of the elderly), psychology professors (due to their knowledge of the psychological issues of the elderly), municipal managers (due to providing more sports services to the elderly and being aware of the need general sports of the elderly) and researchers who have at least two scientific research articles in the field of research. In the current research, the method of combined theoretical sampling was targeted in a non-probabilistic manner until reaching theoretical saturation. For this purpose, 15 people were selected as research samples. In this research, the paradigm coding model was used to analyze the data obtained from grounded theory in the form of a systematic coding process including three open, central and selective stages.

The results of the research showed that the social effects of exercise for the elderly consist of two concepts: prevention of social harms and empowerment and hope for the future. The category of prevention of social damages was formed from the two concepts of development of psychological factors of lifestyle and strengthening of cultural and security issues, which consisted of 10 signs and 3 signs, respectively. The category of empowerment and hope for the future was also formed from the two concepts of improving the level of social life and increasing social capital, which were formed from 11 signs and 8 signs, respectively.

In a general conclusion, it should be stated that sports for the elderly should be promoted with the aim of social interactions, improvement and preservation of the individual capacities of the elderly, and as a result, a better adaptation of the elderly to different life conditions will be created.Keywords: Sports, Elderly, Social Effects, Empowerment, Social Injuries

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a cultural marketing management model with the approach of supporting the production of domestic sports products and goods.

In terms of purpose, the current research is an applied research type, and in terms of method type, it is considered a mixed research method. The use of qualitative research methods, such as case studies, focus group interviews, theory based on data, action research, etc., only study the non-quantitative aspects of phenomena and alone cannot reveal the reality of phenomena related to management. and fulfill all the objectives of this research. . Therefore, it is necessary to use both qualitative and quantitative research methods to understand the management issues and to understand the reality of the constituent elements of the management organization. Quantitative research considers a part of the target statistical population by using sampling methods and collects the desired information by sending survey forms (online or manual) in the form of questionnaires, etc. The results of the statistical analysis of such data make quantitative research results. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of marketing experts and cultural managers who were semi-structured interviewed based on the information saturation of 15 participants. And in a small part, they were those who are active in the field of production, distribution and sale of cultural products. And based on Cochran's formula and sample size related to the number of variables in structural equation modeling, 250 people were selected as a sample. For data analysis, we used MAX QDA software in the qualitative section and SPSS and smartPLS software in the descriptive and inferential statistics sections.

The findings showed that the factor loading values of all the items are greater than 0.4 and therefore the measurement model is a homogeneous model and the factor loading values are acceptable values. The results of the significance analysis of the t-statistic values showed that the t-statistic values for all items were reported to be greater than 2.58. This means that the relationship between the items with their respective latent variable is accepted at the confidence level of 99%. Model predictive power or shared redundancy is a measure to check the structural model. The purpose of this index is to check the ability of the structural model in forecasting by ignoring method. The most famous and well-known criterion for measuring this ability is the Q2 index, based on this criterion, the model should predict the indicators of the reflective endogenous hidden variable. The values obtained from this test are positive, which indicates the appropriate quality of the structural model. The results showed that the prediction power of the model is strong.

The results showed that the strengthening of the private sector, optimal market management, planning and organization of production products in line with the promotion and sale of local cultural goods are the most important effective factors. Also, cultural marketing management strategies in the form of a specialized perspective, understanding the dimensions Cultural marketing, academic attitude to cultural marketing, empowerment, international interactions in order to manage cultural marketing as best as possible have been identified in this research.Keywords: marketing, cultural marketing, supporting national production, sports products and goods.

Extensive changes in the business environment have made organizations always look for new ways to gain and improve competitive advantage. One of the important strategic elements in the business activities of many modern organizations is social responsibility. The aim of the current research was to investigate how to build brand equity based on social responsibility measures with the mediation of dual social identity with a multi-group analysis approach.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey type of research. The statistical population included fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis clubs, and 280 of them participated in this research. The data collection tool was Liu & et al (2019) social responsibility questionnaire, Kim & Manoli's (2020) social identity, and Wang & Tang's (2018) characteristic value. Content and form validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by asking the opinions of sports management professors, construct validity using convergent and divergent validity, and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and structural equation model and spss 26 and pls3 software were used for statistical analysis.

In this study, 201 men and 79 women; Esteghlal team participated with 169 fans, Persepolis with 111 fans Structural equation analysis showed that social responsibility has a significant effect on team identity, online identity and brand equity and the mediating role of social identity in relation to social responsibility and special value was also confirmed. In addition, in the findings related to multi-group analysis of Esteghlal and Persepolis teams, except for the social responsibility path with online identity, there was no significant difference between the paths.

According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that promoting and improving the image of the team's social responsibility in the eyes of the fans is necessary to strengthen the social identity (team identity and online social identity) and promote the special value of the sports brand. The correct attitude of high-level football managers towards social responsibility, followed by the structured and strategic planning of social responsibility and the creation of a social responsibility management system and the allocation of separate budgets for social activities in football will prepare the conditions for social actions by football.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the causal relation between fan loyalty and types of riots among fans of Iran's premier football league clubs in the 22nd round of this tournament.

The method of this research was applied in terms of purpose and correlation-causal in nature, which was conducted as a survey. Since the exact number of the statistical population of the research was not available, the sample size was considered equal to 425 people, and finally 381 questionnaires were completely completed and returned, and were analyzed. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling method and based on geographical regions. In order to collect data from two standard questionnaires; Loyalty of fans and all kinds of riots were used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.84 in the fan loyalty scale and 0.87 in the chaos scale). In order to analyze the data, statistical tests, including the structural equation model, and SPSS version 23 and SmartPLS version 3 software were used.Results and

The results of the research showed that the level of fan loyalty is higher than the average level (x=3.14, t=4.01, p≤0.001) and the amount of riot among the fans of Iran's premier football league teams is lower than the average level. (x=2.82, t=3.32, p≤0.001). In addition, the findings indicate that fan loyalty had a significant effect on the reduction of riots among fans of the Iranian Premier League (β=0.66, t=22.67, p≤0.001). Therefore, it was found that increasing the loyalty of football fans can be effective in controlling and reducing all types of chaos among them. Therefore, it was found that increasing the loyalty of football fans can be effective in controlling and reducing all types of chaos among them. Therefore, the managers and officials of the league organization and the clubs participating in the competitions should develop programs in order to promote the loyalty of the fans so that they can control them well in case of the possibility of riotous behavior.Therefore, it was found that increasing the loyalty of football fans can be effective in controlling and reducing all types of chaos among them. Therefore, the managers and officials of the league organization and the clubs participating in the competitions should develop programs in order to promote the loyalty of the fans so that they can control them well in case of the possibility of riotous behavior

Franchising is an innovative business method in which people behave according to quality and improvement (Guo, 2023). Franchise is a new entrepreneurial method in the market (Rosado, 2023). Franchise is a system and business relationship between franchisor and franchisee under a brand name. In exchange for money, the owner of the brand and business model gives the franchisee the right to use the said brand and business model, including all related trademarks, goods, systems, etc. (Abdul Ghani, 2022). To provide ongoing service and support, franchisors must generate revenue and profit. Franchise franchise guarantees require the franchisor to invest in the success of the franchisee and guarantee the flourishing of the brand. However, fundamentally, franchising is about the franchisor's relationship with its franchisees (Rye, 2021).Compared to other types of business, franchising will be less risky than starting an independent business, because franchisees benefit from the brand recognition and knowledge of their franchisor. This also makes young franchisees successful because they follow exactly the franchisor's instructions (Le Bot, 2022). In contrast, franchisees provide financial capital for the franchise system, knowledge of geographic areas and labor markets, and management of their workforce (Cook, 2021). Although franchising allows franchisees to own, manage, and operate their own businesses without assuming all of the associated risks, franchise growth is becoming more widespread in response to the changing competitive environment because franchise products are more stable and Their quality is known, which leads to national and local trust in the products and services provided (Sun, 2021).

According to the obtained results, it is clear that 10 factors are related to the first level. Creating commercial leverage, increasing production in sports, franchise preliminary training, platform modifiability, platform and legal support, participant attraction structure, workforce participation, sustainable business, strategic policies, and support policies. Also, two factors are on the second level. These two factors include creating financial concentration and creating government policies. The only factor related to the third level is the semiotics of employee experience. The factor of national pride remains in the model, which is related to the fourth level of the model

According to the obtained results, it is clear that 10 factors are related to the first level. Creating commercial leverage, increasing production in sports, franchise preliminary training, platform modifiability, platform and legal support, participant attraction structure, workforce participation, sustainable business, strategic policies, and support policies. Also, two factors are on the second level. These two factors include creating financial concentration and creating government policies. The only factor related to the third level is the semiotics of employee experience. The factor of national pride remains in the model, which is related to the fourth level of the model

Franchise as a market entry strategy can be an advantage for the state sports of our country and many countries benefit from this system. Therefore, considering that the strategy of expert human resources is an important thing in improving the business of sports products, it is suggested that they pay attention to this matter and help by taking measures to develop better and more marketing strategies. For this purpose, they can get help from management consulting companies in the field of formulation and implementation of various franchise strategies. It is also appropriate for sports businesses to increase the recognition of the abilities, weaknesses and strengths of human resources by formulating appropriate strategies, which will allow sports product businesses to gain a competitive advantage. It is suggested to institutionalize the sale of sports products by adopting policies and determining appropriate structures, as well as providing favorable environments and platforms. It is suggested that by holding educational workshops for sports businesses, they provide business development with a franchise approach. Also, among the limitations of the present research, it can be stated that the data collection coincided with the spread of the corona virus, which caused problems in physical access to the research samples. Also, this research has been done cross-sectionally. Because of this, it makes it difficult to draw conclusions about causality. And the issues related to coordination with the respondents were among the other issues that faced problems and delays in the research implementation process.

Today, it is noticed that exercise is effective in promoting mental health in addition to physical health (Boelens et al, 2022). Performing sports activities is so important that the World Health Organization chose the slogan "Movement is the key to health" in 2002 (Creese, 2021). Gymnastics is one of the basic, ranked sports activities and it is very important for teenagers. The lack of evidence regarding some social harms, including cyberspace addiction and mental health on athletes and non-athletes, has caused some of the positive and negative functions of sports to be unclear for teenagers. This problem has caused the development of sports in order to manage social harms and some negative points of sports in the occurrence of negative phenomena in society. Therefore, there are ambiguities regarding the role of sports in the current atmosphere of society, which disrupts the planning process. So The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of role the mediating of physical activity in the causal relationship between cyberspace addiction and mental health of gymnastic athletes in sports clubs in Karaj.

The current research method is descriptive-correlation type and the statistical population includes gymnastic athletes of Karaj sports clubs, according to the latest inquiry from the Karaj gymnastics team, 541 people were active and had sports insurance cards, and according to Morgan's sample size formula, the number 225 people were considered as a statistical sample. Non-random sampling method was available. After distributing and collecting the research questionnaires, 217 questionnaires were analyzed. The tools of this research were the standard questionnaires of internet addiction by Kimberly Young (1988), physical activity of sit-in (2013), mental health by Goldberg (1972). In this study, the test of regression coefficient and structural equations was used using Spss26 and Pls smart third version software.

In examining the effect of variables based on the results of path analysis, it was found that addiction to virtual space with a coefficient of -0.13 and (T-Value = 2.111) has a negative and significant effect on mental health, physical activity with a coefficient of 0.23 (T-Value = 4.521). Value=) has a positive and significant effect on mental health and cyberspace addiction with a coefficient of -0.28 (T-Value=5.847) has a negative and significant effect on physical activity. Also, the results of the Sobel test to investigate the mediating effect of the physical activity variable showed that the physical activity variable has a significant effect on mental health in relation to cyberspace addiction, and the mediating relationship was confirmed. Also, the variance inclusion index (VAF) showed that the indirect effect of cyberspace addiction through physical activity on mental health is -0.26%. which shows the partial negative mediation of physical activity variable between cyberspace addiction and mental health.

The results of this research showed that addiction to virtual space has a negative and significant effect on physical activity, which is consistent with the research results (Creese, 2021). If the athletes who are addicted to using virtual space have a low level of participation in physical activities. The results of this research show the need for intervention and training in the mentioned areas with the aim of reducing the amount of addiction to cyberspace in teenagers. The results of the research showed that physical activity plays a mediating role in the causal relationship between cyberspace addiction and the mental health of gymnastic athletes in sports clubs, and the current research model has a favorable fit.Addiction to virtual space due to the reduction of free time and not enjoying sports entertainment instead of virtual entertainment, lack of energy and lack of motivation due to mental disorders and changing people's lifestyle to inactive mode, so that the amount and level of physical activity of people are affected. In general, physical activity can be used as a tool to improve the level of physical and mental health of people to deal with cyberspace addiction and its adverse effects.Therefore, proper preventive measures such as educating the general public about safe use of the Internet as well as counseling for people who are addicted to the Internet are necessary. It is suggested that in programs to improve the status of athletes using virtual space and optimizing these spaces; Try to make use of sports capacities; He tried to improve this use among athletes to provide the basis for improving their mental health. Also, assessing the needs of sports activities among gymnasts according to their level and ability while improving their physical activity status; It provides conditions to improve their mental health.* Corresponding author's e-mail address: najafnejad.sima@gmail.com