نشریه پژوهش های کیفی در علوم رفتاری
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Many countries in the world have been providing sexual education programs to prevent sexual problems. There is still no sexual education program in Iran. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the components of knowledge, attitude and skill of elementary school in UNESCO, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom in order to provide the necessary research resources for other researchers to develop a sexual education program for Iran. The present study is a comparative qualitative study. The statistical population of this study is all of the sexual education programs in the world. Considering its applicability, three UNESCO, Netherlands, and British programs were selected. The research data were compared based on the three components of knowledge, attitude and skill, and the differences were identified. The George Brady method has been used to analyze the data. The results show that the most important goals of UNESCO-Netherlands youth education programs in the elementary period are to have the necessary knowledge, attitude and skills to communicate properly with themselves, family and community, and respect for their rights and others as well as being ready for puberty. In contrast, the English education program in the elementary period emphasizes self-esteem for communication and preparation for maturity. Sexual education is something that must begin before it reaches puberty, and since it depends on the culture of the community, then the need for an official program tailored to the culture, gender, and age is needed to prevent the institutionalization of information, value the skills and misconceptions in the community. Therefore, it is necessary for the education specialists to make the necessary efforts in this regard

The emergence of the covid-19 resulted in extensive changes in different aspects of family life, led to family conflicts, and significantly influenced interpersonal relationships between family members, including couples and parents-children. On the one hand, family members had the opportunity to spend more time together, and on the other hand, they faced challenges and tensions. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand and describe mothers’ experience of family conflicts during the Covid-19 pandemic. This qualitative study adopted a phenomenological approach to study the topic in depth. The participants comprised 15 mothers in nuclear families, selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected through in-depth unstructured interviews and analyzed sing Colaizzi’s seven-step method. After analyzing the data and categorizing the primary codes, two main themes—couple tensions and parent-child tensions—and six sub-themes—more presence at home, emergence of health sensitivities, conflict in relationships, dependence on the media, uncovering behavioral prohibitions, and involvement with virtual education—were extracted. The results revealed that the Covid-19 crisis affected the well-being of marital and parent-child relationships and increased various conflicts among family members. In addition, with the increase in the presence of all members at home at the beginning of the Pandemic, conflicts were intensified in families and all kinds of family violence spread among members. Therefore, considering the inevitable consequences of Covid-19 on interpersonal relationships and increase in family conflicts, it is recommended to design and plan intervention-support strategies and better understand the needs of family members to raise their awareness and improve marital and parent-child relations.

The present qualitative research was conducted to find the essential components of premarital counseling. The samples were selected via convenience sampling, which included three equal groups of 10 counselors, couples about to get married, and married couples (30 people in total). A focus group meeting was held for each of them, and the data were coded using Strauss and Corbin method. The findings of the research show that the main components from the point of view of these three groups include “examination of values and attitudes, socio-economic status, rules of the family of origin and setting demarcation, attractiveness and physical and sexual health, lack of personality disorder, intellectual and emotional maturity, and preventive skills training”. Furthermore, 31 sub-components were identified. As far as the difference between coding in the three groups is concerned, the results indicated that counselors consider “teaching communicative skills” to be a sub-category of “emotional maturity”, but married couples and couples about to get married considered it to be a sub-category of “teaching premarital preventive skills”. Couples about to get married emphasized checking “physical health”, but counselors suggested thoroughly investigating it while family genogram is illustrated. However, married couples gave it no priority, but strongly emphasized a person’s social and mental issues. The results of this research can be used in premarital counseling or educational workshops in this field. By using these components, it is possible to identify the differences between couples, inform couples about the benefits and possible challenges caused by these differences, and teach them how to manage these differences to properly deal with marital problems.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the factors influencing the choice of name, and considering the goal of understanding the phenomenon of choosing children's names and the need to understand and discover the complexities of its process, it was conducted using the theory-building qualitative research method. The statistical population consisted of all the families who visited the Birjand city registry office in 2017 to register and get their child's birth certificate, out of which 38 parents of Birjand city with young children were selected by purposive sampling and information was collected through semi-structured interviews. . The findings were presented in four categories of underlying conditions, intervening (environmental), causal factors and consequences of choosing the name of categorization and naming pattern. The most important underlying factors include "religious factors, parents' awareness of the origin and meaning of the name, personal beliefs of the couple, paying attention to the novelty and uniqueness of the name, having national and Iranian roots and the originality of the name, sounding the same as the name of his siblings and family name, Paying attention to the linguistics of name and time (season)", the most important intervening factors include "the look of those around you and the opinions of those around you (families), fashion and being classy, culture, the influence of the media" and the most important causal factors include "being responsible for the name and not being questioned From the child's side, it was a special situation and event, to keep the name of a loved one alive, to influence the children's personality, to be a comforting name for the parents, and to be modeled after the names of lovely children. According to these factors, three important consequences were also raised, including "the formation of religious identity in children, maintaining the class and social class of the family, and the formation of national identity in children". The results of the research showed that in recent years there have been changes in the way children are named, which is both the effect and the cause of the change in the values and beliefs of the society.

Health education and promotion at schools and thoughtful planning for the health of the future generation are very important and lay the foundation for the full development of society in all aspects. The purpose of the research was to review and analyze the content of experimental science textbooks at elementary schools based on the attention paid to the five dimensions of health (physical, mental, spiritual, social, and environmental). The research method was content analysis, and a researcher-made checklist was used to collect the data. The statistical population consisted of experimental science textbooks from the first to the sixth grades in the academic year 2019–2020, which included 81 lessons and 644 pages. The unit of analysis included all the pages (including texts, images, activities, and questions), and descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that 1st grade textbook and 5th grade textbook have paid more attention to physical health dimensions, but 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades textbooks have mainly focused on the environmental dimension. Furthermore, experimental science textbooks of 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades have paid the least attention to spiritual health, and experimental science textbook of 2nd grade has paid the least attention to mental health. The results of the data analysis indicated that the content of experimental science textbooks at elementary schools has addressed all the five dimensions of health, but the attention paid to some aspects of health was not consistent, balanced, or desirable.