فصلنامه پژوهش های سیاستگذاری و برنامه ریزی انرژی
سال نهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1402)

One of the models for the development of downstream oil and gas industries is the integration of petrochemical and refinery. This study at first present a financial valuation of  construction a Integrated Petrochemicals Complex unit with an aromatic unit then investigate  the effect of protection policies on the financial indexs. The results show the significant effect of protection policies based on tax and feedstocks reduction but the effect of feedstocks reduction policies is more than another one.A review of tax-based policies shows that the sensitivity of the internal rate of return to increasing tax holiday is low but to tax rates is high. The effect of feedstocks support policy has been studied in two ways: payment facilities at a percent of feedstocks and payment at a fixed amount, such as the amount of total expenditure cost. The results show that both methods have a significant effect on intenral rate of return. Considered that the payment of facilities at a fixed rate will be highly dependent on the feed price and will be easily affected by fluctuations in oil prices.

The increasing growth of electricity consumption in recent years has made its demand management a vital issue in the field of energy. One of the important actors in the field of electricity consumption are industries, which requires more attention to this field. In 2019, the country's electricity consumption in the industrial sector was 34.7%, therefore, it will be necessary to take measures to change the behavior of electric energy consumers in the industrial sector, especially during peak consumption times. For this reason, in line with global experiences, we can expect the consumption pattern in this sector to be revised by revising the tariff structures of the industrial sector. In this research, a new tariff structure has been proposed by replacing price-quantity packages instead of a fixed tariff at the time of peak consumption.Also, to measure the effectiveness of the proposed tariff structures, the results were evaluated for an industrial town with 62 subscribers in Mazandaran with an agent-based approach. The results obtained from the simulation show that by applying this structure to the subscribers, the average peak load demand can be reduced by 2.57% to 9.51%

The present research is concerned with modeling natural gas consumption and its prediction in the domestic sector of Golestan Province. The studied statistical population includes the urban subscribers of 14 cities of the province in the household sector in three units: city, urban household and citizen, and the study period covers the years 2014-2022 (96 months). The panel data regression model and R software were used in modeling and forecasting. According to the results, weather variables, income and consumption of the previous period had a greater influence on the urban consumption model. In addition, in the household consumption model, the weather variables, the number of holidays, and the household's consumption before and after the period have a greater influence. In the citizen consumption model, weather variables, the number of holidays, the consumption of the previous period and the gas access index have a greater influence. Furthermore, the forecasts of the three models studied are 24 future periods in the city and citizen consumption models and 1 future period for the urban household consumption model.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which has brought about significant changes, has the potential to increase global income levels and improve the quality of human life. The technologies of this revolution also have the potential to fundamentally change the way the world operates in terms of trade, economic systems, as well as creating numerous opportunities for new business development and the expansion of existing businesses. Given the importance of the energy sector in this revolution, conditions for its development can be provided on the basis of blockchain opportunities and threats. In this article, in the first stage, 27 influential drivers in the development of distributed energy production methods using blockchain technology have been identified through a review of previous studies. Then, using fuzzy Delphi technique, 12 drivers were extracted, and finally, using the Markos technique for decision-making and policy-making, they were ranked.

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of the policies of removing subsidies for energy carriers and applying carbon tax on the variables of economic performance on the one hand and the amount of energy consumption and, consequently, the amount of CO2 gas emissions in Iran on the other hand. For this purpose, Iran ORANI-G computable general equilibrium model has been used, which is used for the simulation and analysis of shocks and economic policies. In this research, 6 scenarios, including 2 scenarios of removing subsidies for energy carriers and 4 scenarios of applying carbon tax in the short and long term, have been investigated. The results indicate that in the scenario of removing the subsidy of energy carriers in the short term, although the GDP has decreased; But on the other hand, the amount of CO2 emission has decreased significantly; Although in the long term, it has faced a more declining trend. The increase of carbon tax in contrast to the removal of subsidies for energy carriers, in addition to having a lower short-term reduction effect on the GDP, has shown the noticeable effectiveness of this scenario on the reduction of carbon emissions in the short and long-term. With the simultaneous application of two carbon tax policies and the removal of subsidies for energy carriers, the emission of carbon dioxide has shown a much greater reduction than the separate application of these policies.

With the increase of environmental concerns and restrictions after 1986, especially in the context of issues related to global warming and climate change, environmental efficiency was placed as a principle on the government's policy agenda. Therefore, the aim of this research is to review the environmental efficiency literature through a systematic review. In this research, 80 articles have been reviewed in order to review the environmental efficiency literature between 2014 and 2023. Microsoft Excel and VOS viewer software were used in this research. After the review, the articles were analyzed based on three categories including research content, research field and research method, and it was found that in the research content, articles with topics about the importance of environmental efficiency contributed the most. In the field of research, most of the articles were related to the geographical section, and in the research method section, mathematical modeling accounted for most of the articles. The keyword of environmental efficiency was the most used keyword in the target area. Also, it was found that in 2022 the number of published articles increased significantly. Based on the analysis of the studied articles, this study developed a conceptual framework of environmental efficiency and outlined potential directions for future research centered on the concepts defined in the existing literature.