پژوهشنامه ادبیات تعلیمی
پیاپی 58 (تابستان 1402)

Saadi is one of the poets who has raised the concern of governance in his poetry more than others. In interaction and confrontation with the rulers, he has presented several factors that are effective in stabilizing and consolidating as well as the decline and fall of governments. In this article, we tried to investigate the dual variables of the strength of the government and its decline and fall in the textual and extratextual layers of Saadi's works and his deviation from the common and existing customs with the model of Skinner's hermeneutic method in order to get a precise understanding of the foundations of his thought. This research was done with descriptive method and content analysis and hermeneutic study of Skinner's text. In this research, we came to the conclusion that Saadi, being familiar with the fields of theoretical thought, including the norms of the Qur'an and Hadith, and the social norms before him, while understanding the existing practical conditions regarding social political issues, had an avoidance of norms and in many cases, both explicitly and implicitly. He has put practical solutions in front of statesmen and nobles regarding the reasons for the fall of rulers and the reasons for the stabilization of governments.

The subject of the meaning of life is one of the concerns of contemporary man, which has been the focus of philosophers and psychologists.Studying the thoughts of the past philosophers in this field will bring important messages for the contemporary man who is caught in the chaos of existence.The purpose of this research is to analyze the meaning of life from the perspective of Nasser.whereas the way a man looks at existence can reveal her attitude to life, the images of existence in his poems were counted and analyzed.This type of study showed that the main image of Nasser is of the existence of "mother"/"woman". A woman/mother has two characteristics of capacity and conception. there are other images in his poems that somehow connect with this macro image. Although these images show a negative view of existence and the world, their analysis and comparison with the macro picture of existence (mother and woman) showed that Nasser does not dislike life and existence, but considers life as a valuable thing; because it is the only opportunity available to a man, but this value is a tool, not essential; That is, this life is a tool to achieve "another life". Through this macro image, the function of a man in existence is also explained. Man's role in relation to mother is child, and in relation to woman, it can be husband, and in both cases, one should be careful not to get attached and fascinated while benefiting from the blessings of existence

Tuti Namah is a lyrical allegorical prose work by Ziauddin Nakhshabi the mystic of the 8th century AH, who migrated from Khorasan to India. This story is told in the style of "One Thousand and One Nights" and with the story-within-a-story method. Since the main theme of many of these works is the conflict between good and evil, happiness and misery, and the author in these stories is looking for a moral result for the audience, it is assumed that these characteristics are on the one hand with the teachings of Muslim mystics and The austerities and worships that they impose on the rebellious soul in their mystic behavior and on the other hand, are consistent with the archetypes of the shadow and the wise old man in the eyes of Jung. The upcoming research is based on qualitative content analysis and with a psychoanalytical criticism approach, in order to prove this hypothesis and answer these questions, how the folk stories of Tutı Nameh can be adapted to the two mentioned archetypes and how these archetypes in the completion of the collective unconscious process and reaching perfection effective? The result indicates that these archetypes are clearly evident in the arguments between Parrot and Khojasteh. Khojasteh's insistence on sexual pleasure and the parrot's warning to her are a manifestation of the relationship between the ego and the reassured soul, which can be analyzed with the archetypes of "shadow" and "wise ....

Novels derived from Islamic culture have appeared in Persian literature with the aim of processing aspects of educational teachings and types of skills of thinking types, which can be used in social research and with their help, more aspects of human existential philosophy and types of thinking can be achieved. Razavi's novel "Wake me up" by Fariba Kalhor based on the character of Imam Reza (AS) is based on moral dos and don'ts and cognitive teachings that include critical thinking skills such as self-correction, self-correction, correct judgment and the influence and interpretation of the context of the text. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the critical thinking skills in Razavi's novel "Wake me up" based on Lipman's critical thinking with a descriptive-analytical approach. The achievement of the research is the achievement of critical thinking skills that can lead the audience to a correct understanding of the text by expressing logical arguments, having flexibility in dealing with new methods and relying on unconventional conditions. The metacognition of the text is due to the questioning of the audience's thinking, which has brought him to a knowledge beyond ordinary knowledge. Angles of correct judgments can be seen in the text of the novel, which is

The existence of Didactic literature in Iranian culture is one of the deep-rooted subjects with a long history. So that in the oldest sources and works left from ancient Iran, can be observed the themes and words of Didactic. However, despite the valuable researches that have been carried out in recent years, some topics related to it are still neglected or require deeper research. One of these topics is the investigation of the community of advisers in pre- and post-Islamic literature, which have undergone significant changes. This research, using the descriptive- analytical method and library studies, more than any other topic, seeks to answer the question that in the pre-Islam era in Iran, the duty of sermon and preaching and writing didactic treatises belonged to which people? It also examines the quality and factors of these people's sermon using the sources and works left behind. One of the most important findings of this research is that in pre-Islamic literature in the land of Iran, only certain individuals and groups, who mostly had the responsibility of religious and political leadership of the society, focused on sermon, and this also has positive and negative points.