مجله مطالعات روانشناسی تربیتی
پیاپی 51 (پاییز 1402)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gamification in a flipped classroom on the critical thinking of child trainer students in the female Technical and Vocational College in the city of Yazd during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study utilized a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The statistical population consisted of 150 students in the field of child trainer at Yazd Girls' Technical and Vocational College, with a sample size of 56 students selected randomly from two classes. Prior to the intervention, a pre-test was administered to both groups, and the experimental group was taught using a gamified flipped classroom method while the control group was taught using a traditional flipped classroom method. A post-test was administered to both groups after the intervention. The Ricketts' critical thinking questionnaire was used to collect data, and analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results of the analysis (F=657.078, p<0.05) indicate that gamification in the classroom significantly increased critical thinking, thereby rejecting the null hypothesis and supporting the hypothesis that the independent variable in the test group increased students' critical thinking. Additionally, the test results on the three components of critical thinking show a significant increase (p<0.05) in the critical thinking of the students in the test group.

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 The findings of this study suggest that a gamification-based flipped classroom had a significant effect on students' critical thinking compared to a conventional flipped classroom.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of student education network application on creativity and academic motivation of elementary school students. The research method in this research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive data collection method was survey type and in terms of how it was done quantitatively. The statistical population of the study included 252 fourth, fifth and sixth grade students of Sadaf Girls’ School in Tehran. The statistical sample of this study was based on Cochran’s formula of 152 students by simple random sampling. Data collection tools in this study were Harter standard motivational questionnaires, Torrance Creativity Questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire of happy application performance. Regression test and SPSS 24 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the shad program had a positive and significant effect on students’ creativity and academic motivation.

The purpose of this study was to provide a structural model of the relationship between professional competence of teachers and self-directed learning of students as mediators of their Achievement Motivation. The research was conducted in a descriptive way through identifying the relationships between the variables by the form of causal model in the correlated research the design. For this purpose, a sample of 224 subjects was selected from the statistical population (N = 250) (female secondary school students of Turkmen city in the academic year of 2016-2017). They responded to three self-reporting tools, including of Williamson Self-directed Learning Scale (2007) and the Achievement Motivation test (ACMT) and the Modified professional competence of teachers Questionnaire (Karimi, 2009). Pearson correlation analysis was used for data analysis and the path analysis with maximum probability method was used In order to test the fitting of the hypothesized models and estimate the direct, indirect and total effects of the coefficients. The findings of the research showed a significant direct effect of the perception of the professional competence of teachers on self-directed learning of students and their Achievement Motivation. Also Research results confirm the mediating role of the Achievement Motivation among them. The findings of the research also provide a suitable fit of the proposed model. Based on this, students 'perception of professional competence of teachers was able to predict 41% of students' self-directed learning variance with the Achievement motivation.

The purpose of the present study is the relationship between Academic Expectations Stress and Academic flow and Academic Hope in female students of the second year of high school students. The design of the research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all secondary school girls of the 2nd district of Tabriz in the year 1400-1401, and 406 of them were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. In the current research, the questionnaires of stress caused by Ang and Hwan's Academic Expectations Stress (2006) and Academic flow by Martin and Jackson (2008) the Academic Hope and Omid Samani and Sohrabi (2011) were used. Research data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression (step by step). The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between stress caused by academic expectations and academic fascination (P < 0.001), on the other hand, no relationship was observed between stress caused by academic expectations and academic hope. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that academic fascination and academic hope predict 13% of the variance related to stress caused by academic expectations. Therefore, it is necessary to inform the parents and teachers of the students about the consequences of bad stress caused by academic expectations stress , and in this field, workshops should be held so that as a result of such an action, academic enthusiasm and academic hope in students Increase and reduce stress caused by academic expectations stress.

This study aimed to predict academic procrastination based on academic resilience, intolerance of uncertainty, and positive and negative perfectionism with the mediating role of experiential avoidance. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all male and female students of Payame Noor University of Isfahan who were studying in the first semester of 2019-2020. The sample group consisted of 200 people who were selected by purposive sampling. Subjects completed Solomon and Ruth Bloom's Academic Procrastination Scale (1984), Samoels Academic Resiliency Questionnaire (2004), Freeston et al Uncertainty Intolerance Questionnaire (1994), Try-short et al perfectionism scale, and Bond Experience Avoidance Questionnaire (2007). In order to analyze the data, SPSS-22, and AMOS-20 software’s and to confirm the research model, structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that resilience and positive perfectionism had a significant and inverse relationship with academic procrastination and intolerance of uncertainty, experiential avoidance and negative perfectionism had a significant and positive relationship with academic procrastination (P<0.01). The mediating role of experiential avoidance on the relationship between uncertainty intolerance and positive and negative perfectionism with academic procrastination was also confirmed. Therefore, in order to reduce students' academic procrastination and prevent its impact on academic performance, it is suggested to promote academic resilience, positive perfectionism and reduce uncertainty intolerance, negative perfectionism, and avoid the experience.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of academic engagement training on the ability to forgiveness and increasing Positive Orientation Towards School. The research method was applied in terms of objective and semi-experimental research design with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included female students of the second secondary school in Mashhad in the academic year of 2021-2022. In this research, 30 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 students in the experimental group and 15 students in the control group). The experimental group received academic engagement training intervention during two months in 12 75-minute sessions. The questionnaires used in this research included Ehteshamzadeh et al.'s forgiveness (2009), positive orientation towards School Ahmadi & etal (2016). The data obtained from the research were analyzed by covariance analysis using SPSS software version 23. The results showed that teaching academic engagement has a significant effect on the ability to forgiveness and increasing Positive Orientation Towards School. In this way, this intervention was able to increase the ability of forgiveness and positive orientation of high school students; Therefore, it can be said that teaching academic engagement by using techniques such as familiarity with the concept of forgiveness, accepting emotions, facing emotions, individual and collective responsibility skills, and self-awareness can be an effective method to increase the ability to forgive and have a positive orientation towards school in knowledge. Secondary

The current research was conducted with the aim of predicting the adjustment of students based on school culture with the mediating role of quality of life at school. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of research was2444 ninth-grade-male students of Birjand in the academic year of2022-2023, which 334 were selected as a sample according to Krejcie-Morgan's table and with Multistage cluster random sampling method. The research tools were Higgins-D’Alessandro & Sadh’s school culture questionnaires(1988), Sinha &Singh(1993) student adjustment and Williams & Batten's(1981) Quality of life at School questionnaires. Pearson's correlation coefficient test and structural equation approach and SPSS-26 and AMOS software were used for data analysis. All the coefficients of the direct path related to the relationship between school culture, quality of life in school and students' adjustment are positive and significant(p<0.01). The path coefficient of the indirect relationship between school culture and adjustment, through the mediating variable of quality of life in school, is significant at the alpha level of0.01. The goodness-of-fit index of the root of the approximation error is equal to0.076 and the standard root of the residual variance is equal to0.054, which indicates the good fit of the model. According to the findings, it is possible to predict students' adjustment through school culture and quality of life at school. The results have practical implications for psycho-educational interventions that improve the quality and conditions of students' academic life in school and the development of school culture with the help of administrators, teachers and school counselors.

One of the most important factors in the psychological strategies that is needed to coping with a wide range of personal, social and cognitive challenges in adolescence, is resilience. This study examined the role of spiritual intelligence and emotional regulation on the resilience of student adolescents in Zahedan. This study was descriptive and correlational. The study population formed from 7953 boys and 9463 girls of the second high school students in Zahedan, in 2014- 2015 academic year. A sample consisted of 312 participants were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Instruments were included, the Conner-Davidson’s Resilience Scale (2003), the Spiritual Intelligence of King (2008) and the Emotion Regulation Scale (SRI) of Marques, Ibanez, Ruiperez, Moya, Ortet (2005). To analyze the relationship between variables and predict resilience changes, Pearson correlation and the stepwise regression analysis were used. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between spiritual intelligence and emotional regulation with resilience. The stepwise regression analysis showed that in the first step spiritual intelligence, alone, predicts.11 of resilience (P<.001) and in the second step of spiritual intelligence and emotion regulation together predicts.14 of resilience (P<.001). Based on these findings, spiritual intelligence and emotion regulation had a positive and significant role in predicting of resilience and spiritual intelligence was a stronger predictor for resilience. Therefore it is proposed that spiritual intelligence and emotion regulation were concentrated in the programs of adolescents’ schools and in their consultation

 Critical thinking is a thought process that is based on conclusions, decision-making and drawing, related data including analysis, explanation, hypothesis, reasoning and development of thinking. The present research was done by meta-analysis method and by combining the research on teaching philosophy’s effectiveness to children. The statistical population of the present meta-analysis of the available researches regarding the effectiveness of teaching philosophy to children in critical thinking in available computer databases in Iran, such as the Academic Jihad Scientific Database (SID), the National Journals Database (Magiran), and the database of specialized journals. Noor (Noormags) from 1380 to 1400, as well as foreign scientific databases Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar, which were published from 2000 to 2021. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for primary research as well as sensitivity analysis, 25 effect sizes from 23 studies were examined by CMA software. The results of this research showed that the effect size of the random model summary was equal to 1.00, which is statistically significant and indicates the positive effects in philosophy to children in developing their critical thinking skills.Therefore, it is suggested that teaching philosophy for children should be included in formal education programs.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating Sternberg's successful intelligence training package and its effectiveness on the vitality of 11th grade students. The research method was semi-experimental and in terms of quantitative and qualitative underlying paradigm, it was practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research was 11th grade female students of Zahedan city in the academic year of 1401-1400. The research sample consisted of 60 female students of Farzangan, Zahedan city, who were first selected through available sampling method and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (30 people in each group). After the pre-test, the students of the experimental group were exposed to the training of the components of successful intelligence for 10 sessions. Then the data related to the post-test was collected. The research tool was the academic vitality questionnaire (Martin and Marsh, 2008). Data analysis using covariance analysis method showed that there is a significant difference (p>.1.) between the experimental group and the control group in terms of academic vitality. Therefore, teachers can use Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence in their educational system as an effective teaching method to increase the academic vitality of students.