مجله روانشناسی نظامی
پیاپی 55 (پاییز 1402)

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy approach on marital distress in women with military spouses. For this purpose، group therapy with quasi-experimental research method in pre-test-post-test with experimental and control groups was used. The statistical population of the present study includes all women with military spouses living in District 1 of Tehran who in 1398 referred to counseling and psychological centers of military families. In this study، Atieh Medical Center was selected as a sampling group from the counseling and psychology centers for military families in Tehran based on its geographical location and its sample was selected from those who referred to these centers. According to the inclusion criteria، 32 people were finally selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (16 for the experimental group and 16 for the control group). Schematic therapy sessions were based on Hemmat Sabet، Navabi Nejad and Khalatbari (2016) schema therapy protocol، which was about 8 therapy sessions. To determine the degree in the marital relationship in the pre- and post-test stages، the Simmons and Gahr Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTS) were used. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test was used to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Meanwhile، the significance level in this study was set at 0.05. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the treatment scheme was effective on tolerating distress and emotional divorce.

Exposure therapy is a narrative therapeutic approach developed to treat post-traumatic stress disorder. The aim of this study was the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on the improvement of post-traumatic symptoms, interpersonal reactivity and negative emotions in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. The method of this research is the study of a single subject of type AB. The statistical population of this study consists of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder living in Tehran who were hospitalized in Sadr Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran until 2021. For this purpose, a list of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder was prepared. Then, from this statistical population, 4 people were randomly selected and 3 people were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 1 person as a control. The intervention was performed 2 times a week for 8 sessions of 45 minutes. In this study, tools such as Mississippi Questionnaire, DASS-21 Negative Emotions Scale and Interpersonal Response Scale were used. Graph analysis, clinical improvement percentage and stable change index were used to analyze the data. The percentage of significant clinical improvement for all three subjects is over 50% and the sustained change index in all three subjects is more than 1.96, which indicates that narrative exposure therapy has a positive effect on post-traumatic symptoms, interpersonal reactivity and negative emotions. Findings showed that there is a significant difference between the estimated mean post-test scores of post-traumatic symptoms, interpersonal reactivity and negative emotions between the experimental and control groups.

Foreign travel writers of the Safavid and Qajar periods, while describing the Iranian society, expressed the characteristics and structure of the army in Iran, as well as the characteristics of the Iranian soldiers and compared them with the military forces of other countries. Investigating the characteristics of Iranian soldiers as one of the social elements and trade groups in Iranian society and comparing it with other societies can lead to a more accurate description of the identity of Iranian society. In this research, by adopting a descriptive and analytical approach, using historical and anthropological sources, how to describe the characteristics of Iranian military forces from the point of view of foreign travel writers has been investigated and analyzed. The findings of the research show that although some of the travelogues mention the weakness of the army system in Iran in general, but in most of the travelogues, the characteristics of Iran's soldiers and military forces have been praised by tourists and in Sometimes Iranian soldiers are presented as an equal and even superior element compared to the soldiers of European countries. From the point of view of foreign tourists, responsibility and hard work and perseverance, courage and skill, smart and capable and trainable, religiousness and having religious ties and friendship and tolerance with people are among the most prominent and important characteristics of Iranian soldiers. Based on the results of this research, we can get a relatively clear picture of the character and identity of the Iranian society.

Nowadays, paying attention to psychological factors great importance in military policies and strategies promotion and development. So, the goal of the present study is to investigate defense participation according to psychological factors including personality traits, awareness, trust, and feeling of efficiency.

The design of this study is descriptive-correlational, and its statistical population included all the people of Golestan province (men and women) in 2022. Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 386 people selected and completed the researcher-made defense participation questionnaire, the five-factor personality questionnaire, and the researcher-made psychological factors questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software and Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression.

The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between awareness (r=0.553, P<0.001), trust (r=0.332, P<0.001), efficiency (r=0.391, P<0.001), extraversion (r= 0.127, P<0.012), agreeableness (r=0.139, P<0.006), and conscientiousness (r=0.243, P=0.001) with defensive participation. Also, the results of stepwise regression analysis showed that awareness, conscientiousness, efficiency, and extroversion have the largest contribution in predicting defensive participation, respectively, which totally explained 35% of the defensive participation's variance.

Regarding the obtained results, paying attention to psychological factors in the defense participation promotion and development is recommended.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two motivational climate on physical self-concept and physical fitness among the witness students. The population included 1260 the witness female students in Qom. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group involved task-oriented motivational climate (participatory and voluntary activities) while the second experimental group experienced the self- oriented motivational climate (competitive and compulsory activities). The control group kept up doing the usual physical education program in school. the short form of the Physical self-description questionnaire Marsh et al (2010) and physical fitness tests were used to collect the data. Kruskal-wallis , Anova , related T and will coxon statistical tests were identified, Physical self-concept including physical activities, physical appearance, endurance, physical competence, flexibilities, overall self-concept and self-esteem Also the Factors of physical fitness was raised significantly on account of creating a motivational climate according to task-oriented method. However, the self- oriented method has significantly increased the Harmony dimension of physical self-concept and Factors of physical fitness. Therefore participation in physical activities through creating a task-oriented motivational climate was recommended to increase physical fitness, physical self-concept and feeling valued.

The present research has been conducted to identify the effective factors on enhancing the well-being and happiness of military students in a defense organizational university. This applied research has been done with a qualitative-quantitative sequential mixed method. The qualitative stage is done with the aim of identifying the antecedents of well-being and happiness. The participants of this stage were selected students of the studied university. The information of this stage was collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed by thematic analysis method. In the quantitative stage, this model was validated and the identified antecedents were ranked. The statistical population of this stage was the students of the same university.The data of this stage were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed by factor analysis method through PLS software. Findings shoewd that the identified antecedents of well-being and happiness were categorized into three main categories: individual factors, group factors and organizational factors. Quantitative findings also showed that the classification done can be confirmed. The ranking of the influence of these factors is also organizational, individual and group antecedents respectively. Accordingly, improving the current situation of these factors among military students can help enhance their level of well-being and happiness. Furthermore, paying attention to this issue in these universities will improve the mental health of students, promote dynamism and vitality in these environments and reduce the harms caused by the conditions of living in such day and night environments.

This study mainly predicts addiction tendency among soldiers based on wisdom by taking into account the mediating role of hope .

This descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) for analysis. The statistical population consisted of all conscripts doing their military service in one of the military barracks of Tehran, 237 of whom with a high school diploma were selected as the sample through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Iranian Addiction Potential Questionnaire (IAPQ) (Zargar, 2006), the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) (Ardelt, 2003), and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS) (Snyder, 1991). The data were analyzed statistically in SPSS-26 and AMOS-20, and the research hypotheses were tested using SEM.

According to the test statistics and significance levels (p<0.05), “wisdom” significantly affected the criterion variable, i.e., soldiers’ tendency to addiction (β=-0.414) and “hope” significantly mediated the prediction of “tendency to addiction” by “wisdom” (β=-0.259).

The study findings suggested that positive psychology variables such as wisdom and hope can be considered reliable predictors of tendency to addiction among soldiers. Given the protective role of these variables, it seems that improving the wisdom and hope levels of soldiers can be effective in reducing their tendency to addiction.

The current military operational environment has become extremely complicated and this complexity has created unpredictable and ambiguous environments; Therefore, cognitive readiness is needed to be able to perform well in such conditions and provide the possibility for people to transfer previous learning to new situations, but there are different opinions about cognitive readiness and there are'nt available the training package suitable for Iranian military; Therefore, the aim of the current research is to develop a model of cognitive readiness for military personnel and to design a indigenization training package. This research is of a qualitative type with a meta-synthesis method. The statistical population was all the researches published during the years 2000 to 2023 (1380 to 1402), and finally 39 researches were selected with the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). To analyze the articles, all the concepts related to cognitive readiness were coded, and by combining them three main categories (knowledge, skills and attributes) and 7 components of metacognition, creativity, experience and knowledge, situational awareness, resilience, flexibility and adaptability, Problem solving and decision making were achieved. Finally, the content of the indigenization training package was evaluated by 15 experts in cognitive science and military psychology. The CVR and CVI showed that the cognitive readiness model designed for the military has the necessary validity and can be used for them.