نشریه ارتقای بهداشت نظامی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، تابستان 1400)

Nowadays, demand analysis plays an important role in economic studies to manage and planning the consumption of healthcare services. So, this study aim was to estimate health services aggregate demand function in urban and rural households of Iran.

This was a quantitative study which done with descriptive-analytical retrospective approach. Needed data was collected from available urban and rural household’s budget and expenses information at time-series (1989-2010). Data was registered to information sheets, analyzed by Eviews software, and in form of Cobb-Douglas function, and OLS method with a significance level of 5%.

The correlation between expenses for health services with income and services price index were positive and significant in both groups of households (p< 0.05). High-income households were spending in the health sector more than households with low-income. The price elasticity of health service demand in Iranian household was calculated less than 1 (p< 0.05). The income elasticity of health service demand in Iranian household was calculated between 0 and 1(p< 0.05).

Demand for health services was non-elasticity to price and these services were categorized in essential goods. Therefore, health policy makers are needed do comprehensive study and more active price monitoring for adopting the policy of increasing service tariffs. Also, focus on non-pricing policies to manage healthcare service demand.

Cardiovascular diseases cause 17.9 million deaths annually and the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for this disease in one of the universities of medical sciences in Tehran in 1397. 

 In a cross-sectional study, 617 employees of one of  the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1397 were surveyed. Data were collected through a questionnaire of demographic characteristics and lipoprofile values ​​of participants from the measurements made in the staff health monitoring plan. The collected data were entered into SPSS Version19.0 software. Atherogenic Index (ATI) with the formula log10 (TG / HDL-C) was calculated. Central and dispersion indices were used to describe the data and independent t-test, analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used for analysis.

485 (78.6%) of the participants were male and the rest were female. Mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 45.2 years (7.8 years), service history 19.7 years (9.6 years), fasting glucose (mg / dl) 100.8 (23.3), triglyceride (mg / dl) 4/163 (116.5), low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol) (mg / dl) 2/117 (31.7), high density lipoprotein (good cholesterol) mg / dl) 2 / 43 (3/10), total cholesterol (mg / dl) 4/192 (1/34), body mass index (Kg / m2) 1/27 (3.7), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) participants 116.1 (12.4) and 74.4 (0.9) were determined, respectively. Difference between mean age (year), length of service (year), fasting glucose, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol), total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index Were not statistically significant in both sexes (P = 0.052). One-way analysis of variance showed that the difference between the mean values ​​of total cholesterol (P = 0.000), low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.003) and high-density lipoprotein was statistically significant (P = 0.000) and It was not significant in other variables (P = 0.944). Tukey post hoc test showed that only the age group under 39 years were lower than total two cholesterol groups, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (P = 0.000).

All variables measured in this study are strongly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and all of them can be used individually or in combination to predict the incidence of cardiovascular disease. The results show that the studied risk factors and especially atherogenic index are very suitable for screening populations.

With its widespread prevalence, COVID-19 has not only disrupted patients’ lives but has also affected family caregivers. This study intends to determine the moderating role of resilience and its relationship with perceived stress and caring burden in family caregivers of COVID-19 patients in the 22nd Bahman Hospital of Khaf, eastern Iran.

This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 210 family caregivers of COVID-19 patients, who were selected by the census method. The questionnaires of perceived stress, caring burden, and resilience were employed for data collection. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS-16 software using an independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and regression.

The results revealed a significantly positive relationship between perceived stress and caring burden (p <0.001). There was a significantly negative association between resilience and caring burden (p <0.001). Besides, the interaction effect of perceived stress and resilience on the burden of care was positive and significant (p = 0.05).

Considering the significant role of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients in maintaining and promoting the health of the patients, holding resilience-focused counseling training for all family caregivers of COVID-19 patients, with the aim of reducing stress and caring burden, can be a strategy to be employed by policymakers, managers, and health planners.

medical centers are among the most important healthcare facilities where following safety rules is of great importance because of the potential hazards existing in such places. Following safety rules is for preventing or reducing accidents by removing or controlling hazards. This research aims to identify and assessment the risks related to the intensive care unit (ICU); a case study in Loghman Hakim hospital, department of brain and neurosurgery, by using energy trace and barrier analysis (ETBA).

this is a descriptive-analytical study done on the ICU of Loghman Hakim hospital (department of brain and neurosurgery) in order to identify and assessment the risks by the use of ETBA method in 2019. All data were analyzed by using SPSS 23 software, then the central criteria were used for data description, and analytical criteria were used for analyzing the data.

according to the filled-out ETBA worksheets, 10 energy types and 35 risks were identified. As shown in MIL-STD882B, 13 risks were at the unacceptable level, 17 risks undesirable, and 5 risks acceptable with conditions.

the most dangerous identified energies in the ICU have included the explosion of pressured cylinders, electrocution, fire caused by electricity, slipping, falling off the bed because there is no bed-side closed sign, infections, and medical wastes. Considering the sensitivity of the participants under the study and also high probability of unacceptable risks, controlling actions, corrective actions, appropriate management techniques for making the environment safe and reducing the probability of accidents have been implemented so that both patients and staff would be safe.

Psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression are examples of problems that threat mental health of military forces. Current study was carried out for psychological assessment of a military sample in term of these problems and to find related factors.

A total number of 206 military personnel were selected through a convenient sampling from October to December 2020. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) along with a demographic questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis to assess likely associations between independent and outcome variables (stress, anxiety and depression). 

The mean scores of stress, anxiety and depression were: 4.7±4.6, 3.5± 4.3 and 3.9±4.3 respectively. However, around 16 and 10 percent of participants were diagnosed with severe and very serious states of anxiety and depression respectively and this percent was only 6 about stress. Assessing the relationships between the variables indicated some variables including age, time of military service, and marital status had significant associations with all these three disorders, whereas variables such as job type, military rank and health status had significant relationships at least to one of these disorders. 

Regarding relatively high prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders in the sample under study, it is suggested that more exact studies to assess such disorders in different military forces be performed. The mental health promotion programs especially for high risk people such as those who are older or with higher years of service along with people with higher military ranks or those with chronic disorders are needed.

 Due to the prevalence of the Covid-19 disease pandemic, as of January 2021, emergency licenses have been issued for 9 different vaccines in different parts of the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the side effects of Covid-19 vaccines.

In this study, to review existing articles, search national and international databases of pubmed and google scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Sid and Magiran with the keywords "Covid-19", "Vaccine", " "Side effects" and "Safety" were performed. The search period was from 2010 to 2012.

A total of 196 related articles were retrieved. After removing irrelevant and repetitive cases and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 16 articles were included in the study. Complications and general characteristics reported in clinical trials of different vaccines were evaluated separately. Reported side effects of vaccines were generally pain in The site of injection , general fatigue, headache, fever, and muscle pain. Mild to moderate side effects were more commonly reported with the Oxford-Strazenica vaccine. Sinofarm vaccine was recognized as the least effective vaccine.

Health system policy makers should pay special attention to general education to the public about the various side effects of vaccines and always be present in the vaccination centers of a physician or specialist medical staff.