نشریه آرایه های ادبی قرآن
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1402)

The Holy Qur'an is the constitution and special miracle of the Holy Prophet of Islam. The miracle of the Holy Quran has various facets and dimensions. One of the most important of them is its unique literary and rhetoric aspect. In order to convey the message of the Almighty Lord, this book of revelation has used various methods and styles in such a way that it has made the verses of the Qur'an very attractive, pleasant and sweet for its audience and referents. In this article, the most prominent literary features and aesthetic components in Quranic phrases have been investigated with a descriptive-analytical method, the most important of which are: words, imagery (similes, analogies and metaphors), putting words in a regular arrange, putting words in a confused arrange, putting the general instead of the specific, using the same verb in two meanings, changing the predictable order of the verse, allusions. The most important scientific achievement of the present article is that the Qur'an has a rich treasure of literary features that made it possible to express, communicate and emphasize the content of the Qur'an and was very effective in attracting its audience.

The simultaneity approach of semantics is an attempt to represent Quranic concepts, because the words in the Qur'an reveal their true meaning from the sum of intertextual connections in the form of a semantic network. The present article, which was written using library sources and descriptive-analytical method, seeks to first examine the root of the word family of "Ghabr" in the Qur'an. Then the accompanying concepts of Ghabirin will be studied. The result of Quranic data showed that roots such as; Nejat (Salvation), Ajz (impotence), Ghadera, Dhagha, Khawf and Hozn are companions in the verse with the word Ghabirin. Companion words related to the word Ghabirin with an intra-sura approach include roots such as Ghava, Khabora, Zolm, Dhalla, Su’, Fatana, Gha’ada, and zayyana. It seems that only equivalents such as Remainders, remnants, and survivors, which are generally mentioned in translations, are not enough to replace Ghabirin, and it is better to replace it with the equivalent word "infamous", to include all the descriptions and unpleasant examples that exist in Ghabirin's conceptual relationships. Also, the meaning of “remaining the effect” that exists in the root of “Ghabr” is better relevant with the “remaining of the bad name”, which was the negative effect of the actions and behavior of the people of Lot, so that history will always remain eternal for them.

The Holy Qur'an, as the central and main core of Islam, which is known as the mother of books among different books, contains scientific and literary knowledge and concepts. Sciences such as morphology, syntax and rhetoric owe their origin and evolution to the Holy Quran. In the meantime, rhetoric is one of the applied sciences that deals with the way of expressing meanings and the way of harmonizing the speech with the situation of its expression by giving advantage to the speech and protecting it from some mistakes. One of the miraculous dimensions of this book is the use of letter meanings in it. The question that this research aims to answer with a descriptive-analytical method is whether the meanings of the letters in the Holy Quran are all real or figurative? In examining this point, we are satisfied with the fact that each word is originally established for a specific meaning, but for various reasons, including figurative, conventional, idiomatic sense, etc., it is used for other meanings as like. Metaphor is one of the most important and necessary topics in the rhetoric. The subsidiary explicit metaphor examines the meanings of letters such as Jarrah, conjunction, verb-like letters, etc., which are not used in their original meaning. This type of metaphor is used very frequently in the Holy Quran.

Jihad of explanation and cognitive war, which has entered the cultural and political terms today, has its roots in religious and Quranic teachings. A clear example of cognitive warfare and jihad of explanation can be seen in the confrontation between Prophet Moses (AS) and Pharaoh. According to the Qur'an’s report, both sides at the beginning of the confrontation used the tools of warfare to prevail over the other side, and in the end, against the slanders and conspiracies of Pharaoh, Moses (AS) tried to counter these conspiracies through the jihad of explanation. Through the investigation, many examples of similarity and kinship between the confrontation between Moses (AS) and the pharaohs and between the Islamic revolution of Iran and the contemporary arrogant people have been obtained; Such as character destruction, casting doubt on the principles, use of ridicule tactics by the false front, and such as explaining the facts in the form of an organizational movement, changing the position from defense to attack, etc. by the right front. In this article, using a descriptive and analytical method, the ratio of the function of the components of explanation jihad in cognitive war has been investigated in these two important historical events, and it has been concluded that the way Prophet Moses (AS) confronted Pharaoh is a good example for confronting the global arrogance in the present age. This confrontation has become a reality in some parts of the contemporary world, and in some cases it requires more modeling and effort.

One of the important issues in the interpretation of the Quran is to know the precise and correct meaning of the Quranic terms. Quranic vocabulary is the key words for understanding Quranic verses. Achieving the precise and comprehensive meaning of the Qur'anic verses depends on understanding its vocabulary. Exegetists have presented many different solutions to understand and correctly interpret the Qur'anic word “Dhahekat” (laughed) in the story of Prophet Abraham, but each of these solutions faces many problems. The present research, which was compiled with the aim of using the rule of context in understanding and interpreting the mentioned word, after collecting information from the available sources and using the analytical-descriptive method, came to the following conclusion By juxtaposing verses and stories in different surahs of the Qur'an, a context emerges that, as one of the methods of correct interpretation of the Qur'an, plays a fundamental and main role in understanding this word in the story of Prophet Abraham, and according to this context, the word "Dhahekat" means laughing and its cause was giving the good news of a child.

The rule of “Iltifat” (Tone-changing) is one of the most widely used rules in the Qur'an and it can be considered as one of the rules of exegesis of the Qur'an, because it plays a significant role in the interpretation and sense making of the verses of the Qur'an. The old scholars of rhetoric considered “Iltifat” to be specific to pronouns and considered its scope to be very small. In this article, we have studied and explained various examples of this rule and its functions in the Qur'an. According to the contemporary researchers, there are various types of “Iltifat”, all of which (eight) are used in the Holy Qur'an. These types are: “Iltifat” in pronouns, “Iltifat” in numbers, “Iltifat” in letters, “Iltifat” in address, “Iltifat” in the type and tense of verbs, syntactic “Iltifat” in words, “Iltifat” of words instead of each other and “Iltifat” of nouns instead of pronouns. Among the other cases of the rule of “Iltifat” that can be mentioned are: bowing and honoring, humiliating, warning and informing, exaggerating, dedicating, diligence, reprimanding, benefit and politeness. The influence of this art in semantic changes, or so-called sense making of this rule in the interpretation of the verses of the Holy Quran, which is discussed in this article, is very much.