نشریه برنامه ریزی و توسعه گردشگری
پیاپی 47 (زمستان 1402)

In recent decades, cruises have emerged as one of the most popular branches of tourism at the international level, and currently, cruises are recognized as one of the key sectors in the growth of the tourism industry. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role of cultural capital in supporting the development of sea voyages in Nowshahr. The current research tries to study the effect of cultural capital and its dimensions including: objectified, embodied and institutional dimensions that seem to be effective in supporting the development of sea travel.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The research method of the present study is descriptive-correlative and survey method using questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The sample size according to Cochran's formula is equal to 400 people.

The findings show that the average attitude of residents towards the development of sea travel (out of 5 points) was 3.13 in the economic dimension, 3.28 in the socio-cultural dimension, and 3.75 in the environmental dimension. Also, the findings show that the average dimensions of cultural capital in relation to supporting the development of sea travel (out of a score of 5) were 2.91 in the objectified dimension, 3.11 in the embodied dimension, and finally 2.86 in the institutionalized dimension.

The results of the hypothesis test show that there is a correlation and a significant relationship between cultural capital and development and between people's support and the development of sea travel. Also, with the increase in education and age of people, the level of their support for development increases, but statistically speaking, between age and the level There is no significant relationship with people's support.

Originality/value: 

Considering the local people's support for development plans in the field of sea travel, policymakers and planners can provide suitable grounds for investment for the development of sea travel in this region by enjoying this social support.

Tourism resources are a vital and influential factor in a competitive environment. In the last few decades, the management of tourism resources has taken a special place in the sustainable development of tourism destinations. This article aims to provide a strategic approach that can evaluate the sustainability of tourist destinations along with competitiveness analysis.

Design/methodology/approach: 

We gathered comprehensive information on resources and capabilities by using the data and information available in the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization and other provincial Organizations such as the Management and Planning Organization of Kerman Province. Then, we evaluate the tourism capabilities and sustainable competitiveness of Kerman province using the results of questionnaires and a Meta-SWOT analysis.

The results show that the tourist activities and attractions of Kerman province are the most valuable and rare tourist resources in this destination. Despite the relative sustainability of these resources, they are not well organized. Along with tourist activities and attractions, the facilities and services have a very high strategic fit in this destination.

Tourist activities and attractions have a very strong strategic fit with economic, ecological, and technological factors. They also strongly fit with legal, political, and socio-cultural factors. On the other hand, legal and political, and ecological factors are the most important among the external factors and have the highest degree of urgency.

Originality/value:

 this research has used a combination of resource-based and sustainable development approaches using the Meta-SWOT analysis to generalize the resource-based theory to the sustainability of tourism destinations.

Tourists are looking for memorable experiences while traveling, and often their decisions are influenced by the same experiences they have gained from the destination. For this purpose, the main goal of the current research is to identify the factors influencing the creation of memorable experiences for tourists from rural destinations.

Design/methodology/approach:

 In order to collect data, both the librarymethod using documents and the field method through questionnaires have been used. 384 questionnaires were completed by tourists who had traveled to the tourist villages of Mashhad, Neyshabur and Torghabeh-Shandiz counties.

In general, 8 factors affecting the creation of positive memorable experiences and 2 factors affecting the creation of negative memorable experiences were extracted. The most effective factor in creating positive memorable experiences was the authenticity and credibility factor, as well as the inappropriate environmental management factor, the most effective factor in creating negative memorable experiences.

In general, these factors can have a significant impact on attracting tourists and creating memorable experiences for them. Providing platforms for culture and basic hospitality of local residents and preserving rural identity and authenticity are among the suggestions that can be made.

Originality/value:

 the theoretical literature on factors influencing the creation of positive and negative memorable experiences of rural destinations is very limited, therefore this study provides a new understanding regarding the factors influencing the formation of memorable experiences of rural destinations, which are used by managers of rural destinations to increase loyalty and attracting more tourists.

This research aims to explain the socio-economic development model of the tourism industry of Iran's free zones from a sociological point of view.

Design/methodology/approach: 

Through targeted sampling, the information of 15 people from the Chabahar Free Trade Zone Organization, tourism activists, officials related to tourism, the local community, and tourists, was collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews and using the Grounded theory method, the socio-economic development model of tourism industry in Iran's free zones was designed from a sociological point of view.

The dimensions of the socio-economic development model of the tourism industry of Iran's free zones from a sociological point of view can be categorized into 69 main categories in the form of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences.

The correct application of this model can lead to the country's development in the shadow of the development engine (tourism), creating stable employment, prosperity of small and local businesses, development of international tourism, and better income generation of tourism institutions.

Originality/value:

 Providing new methods for developing tourism in the free zone from a sociological point of view; including the level of tourists' satisfaction with social services, the level of social support of tourism institutions for tourists, and the level of social participation of tourists.

Understanding the relationship between financial development and tourism activities is crucial to attracting investment and promoting sustainable growth. Tourism expenditures and international tourist arrivals as components of tourism demand affect economic growth directly or through their influence on financial development.

Design/methodology/approach: 

Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) for the data on Iran's economy from 1995 to 2018, we examined the relationship between tourism demand and the level of financial development. Then, we investigated the impact of financial development on the relationship between tourism demand and GDP per capita growth.

The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between tourism demand and financial development: For one percent growth of tourism expenditures, the financial development increases by 0.3425 percent. A one percent rise in the arrival of international tourists leads to a 0.609 percent increase in financial development. The interactive effect of financial development and tourism expenditures on the growth of per capita production is 0.408, which is statistically significant. Therefore, we can argue that enhancements in financial development strengthen the effect of tourism expenditure on GDP per capita growth.

The results are consistent with the tourism-led growth hypothesis and suggest authorities can improve economic growth by strengthening the tourism sector and financial development.

Originality/value:

 Paying attention to the impact of tourism demand indicators on financial development, besides their interactive effect on the growth of per capita production, covers the existing study gap and is considered the advantage of the present study.

the commercial market in Bushehr province as the commercial gateway of Iran to the Persian Gulf countries as well as the neighboring cities have always had a great role and importance. The expansion of commercial relations in Iran and the high volume of goods exchange with other cities have made the commercial market in Bushehr become one of the most active commercial markets in the south of the country. The general purpose of this article is the role of the commercial market and stores on the attraction of commercial tourism in Bushehr province.

This research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of the implementation method, it is a descriptive research with an emphasis on the correlation method. It is Bushehr city. The population of Bushehr province is 1,275,678 people (1,402 population statistics system). Random sampling and sample size is 381 people.  

The results of this research showed that since the significance level of the relevant test was equal to 0.000, it can be claimed that the above test is significant with an error of 0.05 or a confidence level of 0.95. The standardized regression of the effect of commercial market and stores on sustainable tourism in Bushehr province as a dependent variable is equal to 0.576. The coefficient of determination (R^2) for the influence variable of commercial market and stores on sustainable tourism in Bushehru province, its components were equal to 0.422.  

The results of the path analysis showed that the discussion of attracting tourism in the effectiveness of the commercial market and stores component on various aspects of sustainable tourism, including the cultural dimension, the economic dimension, the social dimension, and the environmental dimension in Bushehrbe province, is an emphasis factor. It is effective and productive.

Originality/value:

 considering that less research has been done in the field of commercial tourism in Iran, this research can be a good model for researchers in this field

This research was aimed at evaluating the amount of medical tourism from Sistan and Baluchistan to Pakistan and analyzing and explaining the causes, contexts and spatial distribution of medical tourists' travel.

Design/methodology/approach: 

This applied research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method, and the data was collected with a simple random sampling method and a researcher-made questionnaire from 400 samples (in 14 County) and analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Kendall-Tao C, Lambda, and Chi-Two statistical inference models.

half of the households declared; One or more members of their family have made at least one medical tourism trip to Pakistan. The northern cities of the province have not had medical tourists to Pakistan. But about 20 to 80 percent of the families in the middle and southern cities of the province have gone to Pakistan for medical tourism.

The purpose of half of the tourists was only treatment and the other half was treatment, visiting relatives and tourism. Business people have gone to Pakistan for medical tourism more than Government employees. 42% of tourists considered cultural similarity, 44% ease of transportation, and 43% low cost of medical services as influencing their decision to travel.

Originality/value: 

it is focused on three areas: so far, the subject of medical tourism to Pakistan has not been studied, so far medical tourism has not been studied at the origin of the trip, so far the population of a province (as the target community) has not been considered.

Tourism is a phenomenon that leads to the strengthening of communication between different cultures. With the common cultural contexts between nations, it is easier to achieve cross-cultural communication during tourism. If tourism has positive cultural effects on tourists, it turns them into indirect missionaries of the host society and ultimately leads to the strengthening of the cultural diplomacy of the host country in the target country. With this definition, tourism can activate many capacities in the field of strengthening the relationship between Iran and Pakistan and creating the strategic depth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Meanwhile, religious tourism has a significant place among other types for Pakistani audiences.

The present article is applied in terms of the purpose of the study and qualitative in terms of methodology. Using semi-structured interviews, the researcher collected the opinions of experts on this issue and interpreted the obtained findings using thematic analysis method.

The existing capacities in Iranian tourism for Pakistanis (46 capacities in the form of 10 sub-themes), the obstacles to the development of Iranian tourism for Pakistanis (37 obstacles in the form of 7 sub-themes) and the solutions for the development of Iranian tourism for Pakistanis (23 solutions in the format) 6 sub-themes), were identified and induced.

Conclusions and suggestions:

 according to the interpretation of the findings, the potential capacities for the development and improvement of the arrival of Pakistani tourists, the obstacles on the way to the development of this matter and the solutions to remove the obstacles leading to statistics and finally the model of benefiting from this The capacities, its obstacles and solutions that lead to the improvement of Iran's position among the people of Pakistan and in a word to strengthen the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in this country were extracted.

originality: 

According to the surveys, very few researches have focused on religious tourism in benefiting from it in the direction of Iran's cultural diplomacy. This issue is particularly novel in the case of our study, namely Pakistani religious tourists.