فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 131 (بهمن 1402)

Somatic symptom disorder is a culturally dependent form of disorder, and culturally appropriate tools are necessary for its assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Although various studies emphasize the influence of culture on the factors and fields effective in the formation of somatic symptoms disorder, However, few studies have developed a suitable test to evaluate the factors and fields of Somatic symptom disorder in iranian culture.

The present study was conducted with the aim of development and validating the questionnaire of the Antecedents of somatic symptom disorder (causal and contextual) in the Iranian society.

In terms of purpose, the present research is fundamental-applicative, in terms of gathering information, it is survey-questionnaire, and in terms of methodology, it is considered among test-making studies, which was carried out in the form of a correlational research project. The statistical population of the research included all people over 18 years of age in Tehran in 2023. The statistical sample size was 915 adults who were selected by available sampling method. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire on the antecedents of somatic symptom disorder, which was derived from a qualitative research, was used. Data analysis was done using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the first and second type to check the construct validity and principal component analysis method using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software.

The findings of this research showed that the questionnaire of the antecedents of somatic symptom disorder in iranian society has favorable psychometric characteristics. The results of factor analysis showed that this questionnaire has 4 subscales of dictatorial parenting, dysfunctional couple relations, emotional and cognitive characteristics of childhood. Using Cronbach's alpha, the values of the internal consistency coefficient were found to be 0.922 for dictatorial parenting, 0.929 for dysfunctional couple relationships, 0.842 for the child's feelings, and 0.846 for the child's thoughts.

According to the obtained results, it is suggested that specialists in medical centers use the questionnaire of the antecedents of somatic symptom disorder to evaluate, diagnose and prepare a treatment plan for somatic symptom disorder in iranian society.

Autism disorder, in addition to taking the child out of its natural development path, also affects the family system, especially the parents. Clinically, it has been found that this group of parents often maintain beliefs that may affect parent-child interactions and even children's prognosis, so one of the variables of interest in parents of children with autism is having savoring beliefs. There is a research gap regarding the effectiveness of the integrated package of mentalization and positivity on savoring beliefs in parents of children with autism.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of training based on mentalization and positive thinking on the savoring beliefs of parents with children with autism.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental, of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all parents with children with autism in the autism association and autism schools in Tehran, Karaj, Shahriar and Hashtgerd cities in 2022. Using the available sampling method, the statistical sample of the research included 32 parents of children with autism and they were randomly divided into two groups of 16 people, experimental and control. To collect information, the Savoring Belief Inventory (SBI) (Bryant, 2003) was used, and the educational package based on mentalization and positive thinking (made by the researcher) was held for the experimental group in 12 sessions of 120 minutes. Data analysis was also done with the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements using SPSS-25 software.

The results of the present study showed that training based on mentalization and positive thinking has increased the average total score and components of savoring beliefs of parents with children with autism in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.001). Also, the process of changes caused by the aforementioned training on the total score and the components of savoring beliefs (experimental group) remained unchanged after three months of completing the training course (P<0.001).

According to the findings, it seems that mentalization and positive thinking trainings in the current research, with the growth of the capacity to reflect on mental states, provide the necessary platform for the development of savoring beliefs and its components, in other words, enjoying the awareness of positive experiences and strengthening the feelings arising from It provides positive experiences.

Depressed women also show an obvious disorder in social health, and although this problem plays an essential role in the health of the family and society, it has been less investigated. Therefore, comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy as a common treatment for depression disorders with mindfulness therapy as one of the third wave psychotherapy treatments and virtual space-based treatments as an available and low-cost treatment to improve Psychological, emotional and social injuries of depressed women can be helpful.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of training cognitive-behavioral skills, mindfulness skills and cognitive-behavioral self-help skills based on virtual space on depression and social health of women with depression.

The present research method was a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all the women suffering from depression in the two cities of Tehran in 1400, and among these women, 60 people (15 people from the cognitive-behavioral group, 15 people from the mental-awareness group, 15 people from the virtual cognitive-behavioral self-help group and 15 people (control group) were selected purposefully non-randomly. The data collection tools in this research were social health (Keyes, 2004) and depression (Beck, 1961) questionnaires. After completing the research questionnaires, the participants of the cognitive-behavioral group (Lopez et al., 2019) in 12 sessions, the participants of the mind-awareness group (Kabat Zain, 1990) in 8 sessions and the participants of the cognitive-behavioral self-help group based on on virtual space (Richards et al., 2018) were trained in 7 sessions.

The findings showed that regarding the difference in the effectiveness of the three treatment groups on depression, respectively cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral self-help based on virtual space and mindfulness were effective (P<0.05), but regarding the difference in the effectiveness of the three groups The treatment on social health was first mind-awareness, then cognitive-behavioral therapy and finally cognitive-behavioral self-help based on virtual space were effective (P<0.05).

It is suggested that the therapists of counseling and psychological centers influence different aspects of psychotherapy of depressed people by combining three cognitive behavioral therapies, mindfulness and virtual cognitive behavioral self-help.

By examining the literature on family crimes, a significant research gap can be identified in the precise analysis of the complexities and psychological factors hidden behind them - factors that have prevented a full understanding of this social issue and hindered an effective response. Despite recognizing certain relationships between specific psychological conditions and criminal behaviors, the lack of analytical studies to understand the deeper roots hidden within these crimes has challenged prevention and intervention programs. Therefore, research must focus specifically on this gap and, by examining the psychological factors at both individual and interpersonal levels more closely, provide more integrated solutions for developing executable strategies in combating family crimes.

The aim of this study is to delve deeply into the psychological factors behind family crimes and to develop effective strategies for prevention.

The present study was a narrative review. Searches were conducted using keywords such as family crimes, domestic violence, and patterns of misconduct across specialized databases including Medline, SID, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. A total of 52 articles were retrieved and after reviewing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ultimately 16 studies that had a direct connection with the subject were examined.

The findings of the current research, which were obtained through a thorough review and analysis of published studies in the field of family crimes, indicate that numerous psychological factors play a role in the occurrence of these crimes. These factors include childhood psychological trauma, personality and behavioral disorders, depression and anxiety, alcohol and substance abuse, socio-economic pressures and stress, limited conflict resolution skills, and the impact of traditional gender expectations and power issues.

Many instances of family crimes are not rooted in external factors but rather in the depth of individuals’ psychological complexities and the patterns of interaction within families. Understanding these factors can be highly effective in designing preventive and therapeutic programs that contribute to better organization of family relationships and reduce the harm caused by such crimes. A deeper understanding of these issues allows social workers, psychologists, and judicial authorities to take far more effective actions in supporting victims and rehabilitating the perpetrators of these crimes.

Adherence to treatment as a public health issue is critical in the treatment of chronic illnesses. therapies Studies have reported on the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy to improvement adherence to treatment, also, motivational interviewing by empowering effect on this behavior. However, compares the effect these in women with breast cancer has been overlooked.

the aim of this syudy is to compare the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy & motivational interviewing on adherence to treatment in women with breast cancer.

Research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test, three-month follow-up with control group. The statistical population consist of all patients (30-50) suffering from breast cancer and applied to Firoozgar Hospital located in Tehran City in 1401 years and operate by mastectomy surgery. Sampling method was Convenience Sampling. 45 available patients selected (fifteen in each experimental group) and replaced randomly in experimental group1 (acceptance and commitment therapy) and experimental group2 (motivational interviewing). Fifteen other patients placed in control group and did not receive any training. The adherence to treatment Inventory (Modanloo, 2013) was administered pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Packages were the training packages were ACT package (Dall et al, 2017) and motivational interviewing package (Miller & Rollnick, 2012). Both applied on experimental groups (sixty minutes each session) weekly and the control group did not receive any training. The data analyzed by mixed analysis variance.

Results showed that both of ACT & motivational interviewing were affected the same on increasing to adherence to treatment (p<0.001). Three- month follow-up confirmed these results. Use to ACT & motivational interviewing (especially ACT) can to increase to adherence to treatment in women with breast cancer.

ACT & motivational interviewing (especially ACT) affective to raise the adherence to treatment and is necessary for using from these methods to improve therapy of these women with breast cancer and these components affective to raise the health of these patients

Considering the importance of academic performance during adolescence, one of the most important variables in this regard is Goal orientation. Based on the etiology of students' low academic performance, there are several interventions to be effective on psychological well-being; However, no study has investigated the impact of cognitive, metacognitive, and emotional regulation strategies on goal orietation.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of teaching cognitive, metacognitive and emotion regulation strategies on the goal orientation of male students with low academic performance in the second year of high school.

This research was semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group in terms of implementation. The statistical population consisted of all male students with low academic performance in the second year of high school in Tabriz city in 1400-1401. To select the research sample, 15 people were selected for each group in the form of purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (60 people). The tools used in the research were the revised goal orientation questionnaire along with the implementation protocol of cognitive, metacognitive and emotion regulation strategies interventions.

Based on the results of multivariate covariance analysis, the effect of all three interventions of cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies and emotion regulation on all goal orientation subscales was confirmed (p<0.05). Examining the effect size values showed that the interventions had the greatest effect on the objective component of avoidance circuit mastery with an effect size of 0.789 and then on the target component of tendency circuit mastery with an effect size of 0.763. The comparison of interventions showed that the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies intervention on goal orientation was significantly higher than the two interventions of cognitive strategies and emotion regulation (p<0.05).

In general, it is concluded that educational interventions based on cognitive, metacognitive and emotion regulation strategies have the potential to be effective in improving the overall level of psychological well-being, and educational and therapeutic specialists can use these interventions to improve the level of academic performance of students.

The covid-19 causes a lot of distress in patients due to its prevalence and the uncertainty of the treatment result, which may even cause a person to experience trauma. Several studies have shown the role of coping styles and self-esteem in recovery from illness. However, there was a research gap in the study of the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between coping styles and post-traumatic growth in patients with corona.

The aim is to prediction post-traumatic growth based on coping styles with mediated by self-esteem in recovered corona patients.

The procedure of this research was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population of this study were all recovered patients with corona disease in Sari city in the second half of 2022. We selected 250 patients (18-55 years) based on Green formula. Method of sampling was convenience. The instruments of this study were post-traumatic growth questionnaire of Tedeschi & Calhoun (1996), self-esteem Cooper Smith test (1967), coping styles Parker & Endler (1990). The collective data was analyzed by structural equation modeling and path analysis.

The results show that there ara positive and significant relationship between problem-focused coping style, negative and significant relationship between emotion-focused and avoidant- focused styles and post-traumatic growth in recovered corona patients. Also the data showed that self-esteem mediates the relationship between coping styles and post-traumatic growth positive significantly in recovered corona patients (p<0.001).

it can be said that part of the effect coping styles on post-traumatic growth could be applied through self-esteem. Problem-focused coping style as well as self-esteem led to high post-traumatic growth in recovered corona patients.

Recent evidences indicate the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy, and its long-term effect on the treatment of behavioral disorders. On the other hand, new studies confirm a prominent role in distress tolerance in many prevalent disorders. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more extensive and diverse studies on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in the treatment of depression disorder and distress tolerance.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy in reducing depression symptoms and improving distress tolerance level in depressed patients.

The current research is a quasi-experiment with pre- and post-tests with a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research includes women admitted to the counseling clinic in Urmia city in the summer and fall of 2022, who were diagnosed with depression through interview and clinical evaluation. In the first stage, 30 women with depression were selected as the statistical population of the research, and in the next stage, they were divided into 2 metacognitive therapy group (15 people) and the control group (15 people) through a random selection. Beck's depression questionnaire (1961) and Simoes et al.'s distress tolerance questionnaire (2005) were completed in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. After collecting information, the data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results of the research showed that metacognitive therapy significantly improved depression (p<0.01) and distress tolerance (p<0.01) scores compared to the control group.

These results show that metacognitive therapy is effective in reducing depression symptoms and improving distress tolerance in depressed patients. These therapeutic effects were stable for up to two months post-intervention.

A high percentage of pregnant women experience anxiety symptoms. A review of recent studies shows that current psychological interventions have not focused on pregnancy. Therefore, considering the importance of investigating anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the impact of these disorders on the mental health system, the evaluation of anxiety disorders should be considered in controlled clinical studies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of computer-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (ECBT) on emotion regulation in pregnant women with anxiety.

This study was quasi-experimental. The studied population consists of pregnant women from 13 to 30 weeks pregnant, singletons, and suffering from anxiety disorders in Babol city. In a pre-test and post-test design, 84 pregnant women at 13-30 weeks of pregnancy were divided into two experimental groups (n = 42) and control (n = 42). The participants in both groups completed Garnevsky's (2002) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire in two pre-test and post-test series. The data were analyzed using variance analysis of repeated measurements and SPSS 26 software.

The results of this study showed that ECBT is able to improve emotion regulation in pregnant women (p<0.05). The pre-test and post-test of emotion regulation showed a significant difference in repeated measurement evaluation.

The results of this study suggest the use of computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing the emotional problems of pregnant women with anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the obtained results help psychologists and specialists in the field of women's health to gain new insights in relation to online treatments.

Research has demonstrated that students with elevated levels of self-esteem tend to perform better in social interactions. Mindfulness interventions, which emphasize self-discipline and a focus on present experiences, have been increasingly scrutinized for their ability to facilitate the recognition of mental events and enhance traits such as sensitivity, openness, and receptivity among individuals. Concurrently, play therapy is recognized as a beneficial physical and mental activity that boosts self-respect. Despite these advancements, there is a notable gap in research concerning the application of mindfulness principles within play therapy to amplify self-esteem within the studied population.

The current study was designed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based education and game-based education on the self-esteem of primary school students in Garmsar City.

The present research employed a semi-experimental design, incorporating pre-tests, post-tests, and a one-month follow-up. The study population comprised all primary school students in the city of Garmsar (totaling 7,620) in the academic year 2021-2022. Participants were divided into three groups of 15, selected through purposeful convenience sampling based on eligibility criteria. For data collection, the self-esteem questionnaire developed by Krocker et al. (2003) was utilized. The interventions included a play therapy protocol by Johnson and Parsons (2023), delivered over eight 60-minute sessions, and a mindfulness training protocol by Siegel et al. (2002), also conducted over eight 60-minute sessions for the two experimental groups. To test the research hypotheses, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted using SPSS software, version 22.

The analysis of the data revealed that both mindfulness interventions and game-based interventions significantly impacted the enhancement of self-esteem among primary school students in Garmsar city (p <.05).

Drawing from the findings of this study, it is evident that both mindfulness and play therapy possess the capacity to affect self-esteem in students. Future research is recommended to employ larger sample sizes and to explore different research populations to validate and extend these results.

Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders. Fear of negative evaluation by others is one of the most important features of social anxiety disorder. In various studies, the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments and virtual reality exposure therapy on the symptoms of anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder has been investigated and confirmed, But so far, no study has been conducted on the comparison of the effectiveness of these two types of treatment methods on the fear of negative evaluation of students with social anxiety disorder.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and virtual reality exposure therapy on the fear of negative evaluation of students with social anxiety disorder.

The current research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all second-year high school students studying in the schools of Qaem Shahr city in the academic year of 2022-2023. 51 students were included in the study with available sampling method and were randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group (17 people in each group). The first and second experimental groups were subjected to cognitive-behavioral intervention and virtual reality exposure therapy during 12 and 8 60-minute sessions, respectively. The data collection tools in this research included the Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., 2000) and the short form of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Leary, 1983). Data analysis was done by variance analysis method with repeated measurement and using SPSS-24 software.

The findings of this research showed that both cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions and virtual reality exposure therapy significantly reduced the fear of negative evaluation compared to the control group (P<0.01). And the effect of both intervention methods was maintained until the one-month follow-up phase. Also, the findings indicated that cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective compared to virtual reality exposure therapy (P<0.01).

According to the obtained results, it is suggested that child and adolescent counselors and therapists as well as school counselors of the two interventional methods, cognitive-behavioral therapy and virtual reality exposure therapy, with the priority of cognitive-behavioral therapy in particular use to reduce the fear of negative evaluation and in general to reduce the symptoms of social anxiety of students.

Infertility has a negative effect on the emotional, psychological, and cognitive state, and people in these conditions experience different emotional states such as stress, and resort to a new method such as artificial insemination. It is very important to use methods that improve emotional regulation and reduce stress in IVF-candidate women; In addition to the therapeutic methods used for this purpose, so far no study has investigated the effect of schema therapy on improving emotional regulation and reducing stress in women who are candidates for artificial insemination.

this aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Schema Therapy on emotion regulation and stress reduction in women candidates for IVF (artificial insemination).

The method of this quasi- experimental study was pretest and posttest. The statistical population of this study was women referring to Shayamehr IVF clinic in Tehran for IVF surgery in 2021 winter,from which 30women were purposefully selected according to the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided in to groups of control (n=15) and experimental group (n=15). The experimental group underwent Schema therapy training in 10 sessions (1 hour per session) did not receive any training.

The result of this study indicate that the value of obtained for both variables is significant at the alpha level of 0/01 (p< 0/01) and the research hypothesis that the effectiveness of Schema therapy on improving emotional regulation and reducing perceived stress in women, the IVF candidate was approved.

Based on the results of this study, it seems that schema therapy can be effective in improving emotional regulation and reducing stress in women candidates for IVF (artificial insemination) and it is possible to use the intervention based on schema therapy to improve emotional regulation and stress reduction of women candidates for artificial insemination; Therefore, in the field of mental health, it will be one of the positive measures to provide training for this method in infertility treatment clinics before performing IVF.