فصلنامه جامعه شناسی کاربردی
سال سی و چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 90، تابستان 1402)

Success is one of the most recurrent social concepts in contemporary society, especially for teenage girls. All of us wish success for each other. Many media outlets and key speakers in seminars have motivated youth for success. As a result, success and achievement have become pervasive and global goals for generations. Our questions were as follows: What does success mean? How do young girls define success? Where does it come from? And what do they do to be successful? Our aim in this research was to explore and understand the concept of success from the perspective of teenage girls.

We used systematic grounded theory to carry out this research. The field of study was Yazd City. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 female students in grades 10, 11, and 12, aged between 15 and 18 years. The articipants were purposively selected from 4 schools, representing different socio-cultural areas of the city. The interviews were conducted after obtaining an informed consent at the schools. The interviews started with general questions about the participants' definitions of success. More specific questions were then posed as follows: What do you think are your obstacles to success? And what is your life plan for the future? The interviews were transcribed and analyzed. The data were analyzed using grounded theory coding (Straus & Corbin, 1998) in 3 phases: open, axial, and selective coding. After reading each part of the interviews, an initial concept was assigned (coded). Then, the concepts with the same meanings were clustered into categories and a core category emerged from merging of the main categories. The main categories were illustrated with a paradigm model, including phenomenon, causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, action strategies, and consequences. Trustworthiness of the findings and coding process was evaluated through peer checks and member checks. We shared our findings with the participant girls to validate the constructed codes and categories.

The data were presented in the form of 9 main categories in addition to a core category. The main categories included thirst for independence, virtual life, centrality of money, feeling of gender limitation, instrumental interaction, seeking distinction, self-improvement, multiple pressures, and migrant mind. The meta-contextual construction of individuality emerged as the core category.Thirst for independence: The need for independence was powerful among the participants. Being at a turning point in their maturation and facing individualistic values from the media had increased their need for independence. Our teenage participants wanted to achieve their goals on their own, have a private sphere, and make decisions for their own future.Virtual life: They spent a lot of time on the internet and social media. They met and talked with their friends online. They thought about fame on the web and becoming famous in the cyber world was an important drive for them. Their values and lifestyle were more affected in the virtual space.Centrality of money: Living a rich life and having money was an important value for our teenage participants. They saw money as the main problem-solver in various aspects of life.Feeling of gender limitation: Our female participants compared themselves to boys in different spheres. They believed that girls have more limitations when it comes to achieving success.Instrumental interaction: From the participants' point of view, interaction with other people was seen as a means to achieve success. They evaluated and interacted with people based on how they could help them succeed, especially in terms of material and benefits.Seeking distinction: Many young girls' actions were oriented towards making a difference from others. They wore different clothes, tried to have different forms of entertainment, and presented themselves in a distinctive way to stand out from others.Self-improvement: Achievement and success were the main driving forces for our participants, motivating them to improve themselves through learning new skills and acquiring knowledge. They made efforts to learn foreign languages and develop artificial skills with the aim of enhancing their future job prospects.Multiple pressures: The participants faced various sources of pressure, including family and relatives, school and education, and economic concerns. They also felt the pressure of changing success criteria within their community, which caused them stress as they tried to meet these evolving expectations.Migrant mind: Living in an era of internet and social media, the participants desired to be part of a developed and welfare-oriented society. Their criteria for success were more global in nature rather than being limited to their local context. Although they lived in their homecountry, they held global ideals.The teenage participants exhibited an individualistic and materialistic view of success. They considered themselves successful when they were able to express their individuality and accumulate material possessions and wealth. They expressed their individuality through shopping and spending money. Their definition of success was detached from their socio-cultural context as it was influenced by their identities and interactions on the global and virtual platforms, leading to a sense of detachment from their immediate surroundings

The construct of quality of life, known as the indicator of social development, is an analytical and key element in policy-making and policy examination in the public realm. This construct, initially used in the fields of health, has gradually entered other fields of study due to its characteristics, such as dynamism, multidimensionality, and different perceptions. It is essential to consider the construct of quality of life in a country like Iran from both internal and external dimensions in terms of research and policy-making. Concerning the internal dimension, this concept contributes to evaluating social policies, assessing decision-making at the micro and macro levels, improving service delivery, encouraging public participation, promoting human rights, distributing equitable resources, etc. The external dimensions of the necessity to consider the construct of the quality of life become more significant with the growing trend of globalization. In the era of globalization, different regions are competing to attract capital that is no longer limited to national borders. Improvement of the quality of life encourages many people and investors to live, work, and invest in an area. Therefore, it can be argued that achieving any dimensions of development is not possible without considering the construct of the quality of life in the current situation. If the lower urban quality of life is one of the outcomes of rapid urbanization, Isfahan will be no exception like other metropolises. It has faced the problems resulting from lower quality of life due to the expansion of urbanization. Thus, identifying the dimensions of urban quality of life and priorities of each of these dimensions from the perspective of the citizens of Isfahan seems necessary and requires extensive research for making policies and improving each dimension. This research was conducted to achieve this goal and sought to answer the following questions: Which dimension of urban quality of life has a higher priority and greater significance from the perspective of the residents of Isfahan? How do they perceive the themes, on which urban quality of life in Isfahan rests?

This study followed a survey method and the statistical population included the citizens of Isfahan aged 15-65 years. 1806 people were studied by using multi-stage cluster sampling. Accordingly, the neighborhoods were randomly selected from 15 districts in Isfahan and the sample size for each of the districts was determined based on the population of each neighborhood. A researcher-made questionnaire provided the data collection tool. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The interviewer asked questions in the form of interviews and recorded the respondents’ opinions and answers. The questionnaire had both closed- and open-ended questions. Concerning the closed-ended questions on the quality of life, the citizens prioritized the 17 dimensions of urban quality of life. The findings were then analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The open-ended questions focused on the citizens' concerns about the dimensions of quality of life. Accordingly, the respondents were supposed to express three of their main concerns about each of the dimensions of urban quality of life and the interviewer wrote down the given answers in detail. The data obtained from the open-ended questions were analyzed via thematic analysis. This technique is based on inductive reasoning, enabling the researcher to achieve an analytical typology through data classification and input and output modeling. The thematic network of the citizens’ perceptions of the urban quality of life in Isfahan was developed by using the basic, organizing, and global themes. According to the above explanations, the first and second parts of the findings were based on the closed- and open-ended questions, respectively.

As shown by the prioritization of the quality-of-life dimensions, the main concerns of Isfahan residents revolved around the 5 axes of employment and income, housing, health, safety and security, and climate quality. Thus, they could form the main axes of future policies concentrating on the urban quality of life. This was known as the well-being dimension of quality of life based on cluster analysis. It is interesting to note the priorities of the quantitative (income and housing) to qualitative (health, safety and security, and climate quality) dimensions among the components of this group. Hence, it could be concluded that the quantitative dimensions of urban quality of life, as well as well-being, had the highest importance in Isfahan.The findings highlighted the 3 global themes of urban threats, arrangements, and desirability related to the constructive themes of urban quality of life in Isfahan. Threats were those themes that threatened Isfahan in achieving a high quality of life and included water crisis, diseases, pollution, dense and high-rise buildings, overcrowding, industrial hazards, immigration, cultural anomalies, traffic, occupational and income risks, inefficient management, and decline of local culture and cultural heritage. As it turned out, the scope of these threats was wide and dominated all the 5 dimensions although the most concern was related to the dimension of well-being. Urban arrangements included those policies that citizens considered necessary to achieve a high quality of life, such as encouraging tourism, strengthening cultural customs, renovating, and facilitating ownership and provision of housing. Finally, the city was desired to be clean, beautiful and eye-catching, bright, and safe and secure. Such a city could have safe and smooth streets and paths, a cheap, clean, uncrowded, regular, and modern transport fleet, a safe urban infrastructure, neighborhood facilities, and warm and polite social interactions. Therefore, many of the components, in which the citizens were interested, belonged to the civil dimensions and few themes belonged to other dimensions on a neighborhood scale.Ultimately, inspired by some experiences, such as the Monitoring System of the Urban Quality of Life developed by the Porto City Council since 2002, this study formed the basis of further research with the aim of identifying the dimensions of quality of life and its constructive components from the perspective of citizens in general, examining the urban quality of life in Isfahan, evaluating the individual quality of life in a residential area, and assessing the level of satisfaction with individual quality of life. Of the goals of this monitoring can be objective and subjective periodic assessments for evolutionary and comparative studies.

Illegal wildlife hunting, trading, and smuggling have devastating effects on both species' lives and society's economy. This phenomenon has several socio-economic causes and consequences. The effective management of wildlife trafficking requires identification and inclusion of all stakeholders (Kolahi, 2021: 26) involved in the supply and demand sides of wildlife trafficking in hard and soft management and planning frameworks (Kasterine & Lichtenstein, 2018: 23-24). Some studies show that focusing solely on restrictions and prohibitions on the supply side without considering the social actions of actors on the demand side can have unintended consequences. Trade bans, for example, can increase consumer demand and make poaching a more profitable activity by driving up the price of trafficked wildlife (Cronin et al., 2015; Leader-Williams, 2014: 112). The absence of strong supervision and continuous monitoring can strengthen black markets and perpetually increase the economic profit of wildlife trafficking for black market dealers (Challender et al., 2019: 2). Additionally, environmental sociologists aim to design and implement supply-side interventions that recognize the drivers of trafficking and reduce consumer demand (Wright et al., 2016: 5). It is argued that many wild species are currently caught by poachers through various methods, including direct hunting with guns, trapping in nets, and poisoning with chemical poisons, thus entering the cycle of trafficking due to unfavorable social conditions (Olea et al., 2022: 2-3; De Lange et al., 2021: 889). However, the various drivers involved in the wildlife trafficking process are still not well understood (Thomas-Walters et al., 2021: 489; Margulies et al., 2019: 216) and have been neglected by researchers, planners, and policymakers (Phelps et al., 2016: 483). Despite wildlife trafficking being a pervasive phenomenon in contemporary Iran, few studies have been conducted on its social, moral, and cultural aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies on the drivers and consequences of wildlife trafficking. The current research aimed to investigate the phenomenon of wildlife trafficking in Iran as a social action from the perspective of environmental sociology. In this regard, a qualitative approach was used to study the two main groups of stakeholders in the Khalij-e-Fars Bird Market of Tehran: the sellers of smuggled wildlife and its buyers. A paradigm model of wildlife trafficking in Khalij-e-Fars Bird Market is presented based on the results of the study.

The present study took a qualitative approach based on "Grounded Theory" with the aim of theory-making based on interpretative-constructive foundations. This method was used to build a data-oriented theory for criticizing, expanding, and testing formal theories. This study used the same methodology as applied by Zare Shahabadi & Mohammadi (2021) and Ghaderzadeh et al. (2013), who previously explored the phenomenon of trafficking from a sociological perspective.The research tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. The interviewees were stakeholders, who were active in the field of illegal wildlife trade in Khalij-e-Fars Bird Market in Tehran. They were selected through purposive sampling by using the snowball model. In the sample selection, we aimed to achieve "maximum variety" and "theoretical saturation." In this regard, 12 sellers and 11 buyers, who had extensive knowledge and experience in this field, were selected.After 20 interviews, no new information was presented, indicating "theoretical saturation." However, for more certainty, three more interviews were conducted. After each interview, the full text was carefully listened to and transcribed, capturing all the words. Data analysis was done through constant comparison and simultaneous data collection. The interviews’ texts were read multiple times to gain a general understanding of the data. At this stage, the primary (open and selective) codes were identified and grouped into categories. Finally, summarization was continued as much as possible and all the axial codes were used in the paradigm model. To ensure reliability of the research findings, all research processes, such as the research model, study group, data collection process, and analysis, were explained in detail. Additionally, the data obtained from the interviews were individually coded by two individuals: a main researcher and an invited colleague. The percentage of agreement between the coders was calculated using the following formula:  Reliability = consensus / (consensus + difference) × 100 The data obtained by the two researchers underwent content analysis and were compared using separate codes. As a result, a reliability of 85% was obtained by using the mentioned formula.

The results of this research showed that causal conditions in phenomenology of “wildlife trafficking” were "entertainment and enjoyment", "tradition", "pride and wealth", "experiment and scientific research", "mediation for smuggling" and "drug use", intervening conditions of "superstitious beliefs", "propaganda", and "imitation of others". The background conditions were "social and moral legitimization", "non-practical implementation of environmental laws and regulations", "poverty and unemployment", "individual and collective indifference and distortion", and "ignorance of the consequences of wildlife trafficking". The coping strategies included "education and culture", "intensification of legal supervision", "providing alternative employment opportunities to sellers", and "providing the necessary mechanisms for legal trade with permitted purposes". The consequences of coping with wildlife trafficking were "biodiversity protection", "restoring the human dignity of violators", and "respecting animal rights". Finally, the research findings were presented in a paradigm model.In line with the results obtained by Zhang et al. (2020), a wide range of drives, including recreational, food, and medicinal and cultural motives for wildlife trafficking, were identified as the causal, contextual, and intervening conditions in the current research. The present study showed that one of the main drives of wildlife trafficking was consumption of meat or body parts of wildlife as traditional medicines with therapeutic motivation. In line with this finding, other researches showed that in other countries, bear bile (Feng et al., 2009), pangolin meat (Newman et al., 2014), rattlesnake venom (Alves et al., 2013), and rhino horn (Watts, 2011) were bought and sold as medicine with the motive of relieving physical pain. Of course, despite the general perception, so far many of these medicinal and health agents are facing serious ambiguity of effectiveness from the viewpoint of modern medicine.In addition, the consumption of wildlife meat was one of the other findings of the present study. Due to the cultural differences in diets of nations, trafficking with the motive of buying and selling pangolin meat (Mason et al., 2012; McEvoy et al., 2019) and bat meat (Anti et al., 2015; Suwannarong & Schuler, 2016) were reported in similar studies, while the interviewees of the present study were looking for buying and selling the meat of wild birds, such as goose or wild duck.The findings of this study showed that preservation of wildlife or their body parts has become a means of showing wealth and pride among wealthy groups of people due to such reasons as high price, rarity, and special facilities it requires. In line with this finding, similar studies showed that the drives of some buyers of illegal wildlife products, such as rhino horn (Truong et al., 2016), tiger bone (Moyle, 2009) and elephant skin (McEvoy et al., 2019), or people, who served special dishes like shark fin soup to theirguests (Brierley, 2007), were boasting, showing wealth, or trying to show their belonging to special and prosperous classes of the society.In line with the results of the study of Day et al. (2014), the present research showed that some actors of wildlife trafficking tended to trade exotic wild animals, especially reptiles and rare ornamental amphibians. They did this with the motivation of entertainment and pleasure, boasting, and displaying wealth. Although tiger bone wine in the research of Feng et al. (2009) and rhinoceros horn opium in the study of Trang et al. (2016) were shown to be sold illegally with the motive of intoxication, no similar drives were found in the current research.Compared to previous studies, contribution of the present research in the production of knowledge should be considered as a qualitative explanation of the concept of wildlife trafficking in the Iranian context so as to bring the main stakeholders’ experiences of this illegal trade to the official knowledge. The findings of the present study could contribute to ensuring social health, environmental protection, and sustainability of economy based on biological resource-carrying capacity for future studies.

 Corruption as a universal problem has taken up substantial time and money from judicial, social, and political officials of many countries  imposing lots of cost on people from different dimensions. In the last few decades, the issue of corruption has attracted the attention of many researchers from different fields, such as sociology, law, economics, etc., and much research literature has been produced on this issue. It can be said that corruption is a global phenomenon that exists more or less in all countries of the world, but its existence and extent differs from one society to another according to social and economic development and based on the effectiveness of moral, religious, and cultural values. Although corruption has extensive negative consequences, its importance is more evident in the healthcare system. It can have many negative effects because it deals with human lives. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to analyze the causes of occurrence and spread of corruption in the healthcare system from the experts’ perspectives in the context of sociological framework.

Materials & Methods  : 
The current research tried to identify the conditions and contexts related to the prevalence of corruption in Iran's healthcare system from the staff experts’ perspectives in this field by using a qualitative approach and the grounded theory method. Therefore, the research field was the headquarter of the Ministry of Health, in which the following criteria were adopted for selecting the samples: working in the headquarter of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, having information and awareness of some corruption in this area, and having an experience of responsibility in the executive and general positions of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The sampling process was such that the researcher first started with someone, who was easier to communicate with. One of the authors’ colleagues was introduced to the interviewing researcher. Therefore, the first sample became available. Based on the logic and nature of the issue, the next samples were determined via snowball sampling. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the conditions and action strategies of activists, theoretical sampling and maximum diversity methods were also employed. To select the samples, their various characteristics, such as work history, age, level of education, marital status, and ethnicity, were also determined as the criteria for sample selection.

Discussion of Results & Conclusion    :

Based on the data analysis, 6 categories related to the process of spread of corruption in Iran's healthcare system were identified: "weakness of formal and informal education", "weakness of policy, management, and governance in the healthcare system", "glitch economy and lack of a fair distribution of the healthcare system", "weakness of laws and inefficiency of the regulatory bodies", "weak and corrupt structures in the healthcare system", and "existence of a corrupted pharmaceutical field in the healthcare system". The aforementioned categories were all nested under the core category of "corrupting healthcare system".This research showed that corruption in Iran's healthcare system had become structured and systematic and therefore, many corruptions took place with completely legal procedures. Moreover, due to legal weaknesses and loopholes, the laws did not provide the necessary deterrence to prevent the occurrence of corruptions. Overall, the results of this research revealed that what was seen as corruption in Iran's healthcare system had less to do with individual aspects, i.e., individual control mechanisms were not very effective in this regard though they were not separable from the conditions of corruption in Iranian society. To deal with corruption seriously, there was no other way around but to reform the official and unofficial structures of corruption and procedures.

Marriage as a social contract is considered to organize the family institution and an inevitable necessity for reproduction of the family institution and cohesion of the society. At present, with the change of societies, we are witnessing a change in the values of marriage and a tendency towards individualized marriages, a kind of non-traditional form of joint life among people. In other words, it can be concluded that in the new world, there are mostly human actors, who regulate the state of the marriage phenomenon and its forms and formation. In Iran, we are also witnessing changes in attitudes and forms of marriage, lack of importance and priority of marriage in life, increasing age of marriage or prolonging period of celibacy, formation of sexual relationships outside of marriage area, etc, all of which represent the low desire to get married and start a family in the traditional sense of it in some ways in the Iranian and Islamic tradition and culture, an issue that can disrupt normal functioning of the family institution in the long run. Based on an interpretative approach with an in-depth look, the current research sought to identify, analyze, and interpret the main types of students' attitudes towards the phenomenon of marriage by entering the mental world of Isfahan university students. Based on this, the main goal of this qualitative research was identifying the typology of attitudes towards marriage based on the definition and interpretation of Isfahan university students.

The current research was done by taking a qualitative approach and using the qualitative content analysis. Qualitative content analysis is a research method for subjective interpretation of text data through the processes of systematic classification, as well as coding and designing patterns. The qualitative content analysis approach used in this research was the conventional approach. This approach is often suitable when the existing theories or research literature about the studied phenomenon are limited. In fact, in this case, the researcher avoids using preconceived categories and instead arranges for the categories to emerge from the data. The current research field was the city of Isfahan and national universities of this city, including Isfahan University, Isfahan University of Technology, and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The participants or people under study included single students of all educational levels and different fields of study in the mentioned universities. 30 people were selected and studied by using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection technique in this study was based on a semi-structured in-depth interview.

Discussion of Results & Conclusion  :

The analysis of Isfahan University students’ views showed that there were 7 different attitudes towards marriage among them: structuralist attitude, agent-oriented attitude, radical attitude, rationality-oriented attitude, business-oriented attitude, and functionalist attitude. Each type of attitude had led to different behaviors. The attitude based on agency in marriage was generally the result of individualism, modernity, pluralism, new lifestyles, etc., which did not exist in the traditional society. The agent-oriented attitude in marriage was generally the result of individualism, modernity, pluralism, new lifestyles, etc., which also did not exist in the traditional society. The students, who liked agency in marriage, generally considered themselves to be modern subjects, who had passed the value and normative systems of the traditional society. However, the students, who accepted the structural view in marriage still considered themselves committed to the value systems and norms of the traditional society. The students, who had a rationality-oriented attitude, considered their personal, economic, and cultural conditions as the central factors in marriage and its definition. Those, who had a radical attitude towards marriage, considered marriage to be an existential and essential necessity so that every human being must marry in order to logically respond to his/her emotional and sexual needs. On the other hand, there were radicals, who believed that marriage was not necessary and even in some cases, marriage was considered a negative and destructive phenomenon in human life. In the business-oriented attitude, marriage had become a business, according to which families and individuals sought to obtain the most economic benefit from marriage. On the other hand, another group of students emphasized the functions of marriage, specifically the positive functions. They believed that marriage, despite economic issues and problems, strengthened people's personalities, mental systems, and social status. It even had positive economic consequences for people.

The development of health in the society for establishing mental security is not limited only to the guardians of the health sector, while social participation of all sectors of the society has a constructive role in this field. On the other hand, taking into account the development of the society in different dimensions of social, economic, political, and cultural life, goal-setting and planning for achieving predetermined goals, and reaching the desired states of its various dimensions, it is necessary that the tools and consequences of achieving such an all-round development be recognized and accepted. In this regard, all the potential, natural, and human resources and facilities should be used effectively and efficiently. In many cases, with the occurrence of a pandemic and non-participation of the members of the society in complying with health standards, psychological insecurity is created in the society and the people’ social life of is severely disrupted. Accordingly, different countries of the world have turned to the discussion of community participation in the management and prevention of pandemics due to aggravation of the problem of widespread diseases. Health care systems must have a proper interaction with the private sector, universities, civil society, and people, implement pandemic prevention and control models in the society with a community-oriented approach, and consider relevant experiences and challenges (Shabani and Taheri-Kharameh, 2021: 358). One of the social issues that the society is still involved in after a few years is the spread of the Corona pandemic, which progressed beyond international borders and affected many people in the world. Governments adopted a series of measures, including restricting entry into cities, closing schools and universities, and quarantining people at home, to control the epidemic and prevent its further spread. Although these measures reduced the duration of the conflict with the corona virus and its incidence and spread, the people's social activities were limited by these measures. In addition to concerns about the physical dangers of the pandemic, its effects on mental health had to be considered as well. Epidemic diseases lead to some psychological disorders, including stress, anxiety and symptoms of depression, insomnia, anger, fear, and significant disorders (Esdalahei and Rafezi, 2021: 122). In general, it can be said that the health sector, with all its facilities and resources, cannot overcome the problems alone until it gets the people’s conscious support. By laying the foundation for increasing public participation, we can do better in preventing the spread of diseases, including Covid-19 (Rezabigi Davarani et al., 2020: 113). Therefore, in this research, a model was designed to increase social participation in pandemic control by using the mixed approach of effective factors and components with an emphasis on psychological security. 

The current research was conducted in the two qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative stages. It was exploratory in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of type, thus being carried out in the field (Ardabil University of Medical Sciences) in the period of February 2022 to July 2022. The statistical population included 20 doctors with more than 20 years of experience in Ardabil Province in the first stage. In the second stage, the size of the statistical population under study was 1392 people based on the Statistics and Information Office of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 2022. According to Morgan Table for estimating sample size, 302 employees working at the University of Medical Sciences and Health Services of Ardabil Province were selected for the study. The sampling method in the first stage was a purposeful method (theoretical sampling) associated with the chain reference method (snowball method). The stratified random sampling method was used in the second stage, while the studied community units were grouped in classes that were more homogeneous in terms of attributes. This way, changes within the groups were minimized. For this purpose, the studied sample was classified into administrative (29 people), service (42 people), operational (25 people), nursing (145 people), educational (31 people), financial (21 people), and directorate or presidency (9 people) areas. Also, in the first stage, the data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The tool for collecting information in the second stage was a researcher-made questionnaire with closed answers (Likert scale) based on management indicators to increase social participation in controlling communicable diseases with an emphasis on psychological security of the society. The data extracted in the first step were then adjusted. Finally, ATLAS .ti software and Smart PLS and SPSS software were used to analyze the the data collected in the first stage through the theme analysis method and the second stage via confirmatory factor analysis, respectively.

The results of coding showed that the factors affecting the presentation of this model could be generally placed in the 9 main themes of characteristics of communicable diseases, extra-organizational participation, non-governmental organizations, media, people's participation, management, measures, technology, development of a comprehensive program and 62 sub-themes. Based on the results, the factor of "management" had the greatest effect on increasing social participation in controlling communicable diseases with an emphasis on psychological safety of the community. Among the indicators of this factor, the indicator of "clarifying the employees’ roles and duties" had the highest impact in the designed model. The factor of "media" was the second most influential factor. Among the indicators of this factor, the index of "role of mass media" was the most effective one. The third influential factor for increasing social participation in controlling communicable diseases was the factor of "non-governmental organizations". Among the indicators of this factor, the index of "role of fertilizers in people's education" had a high coefficient of importance. The factors of "actions", "characteristics of communicable diseases", "extra-organizational participation", "Technology", "people's participation", and "development of a comprehensive program" were identified as the most influential factors in the presented model.