نشریه بحران پژوهی جهان اسلام
سال دهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 30، پاییز 1402)

The Islamic world has been a companion of "chaos" in the last two centuries. Insecurity, disorder and constant crisis are the main symptoms of chaos in the Islamic world. The focus of the research is on the category of order in the Islamic world. The research deals with the question that if we evaluate the order in the scope of a specific geographical region - such as West Asia or a wider scope such as the Islamic world - using the level of civilization analysis, what formulation of "order" dose it provide? (question) It seems that the level of civilizational analysis in international politics presents a new plan in the division of world regions and passes it through the double level of global analysis and the level of regional analysis. Therefore, it explains the campaigns within the international system based on presenting a new formulation of the order, the rules of its formation and the effective sources in its formation (hypothesis). Therefore, it explains the campaigns within the international system based on presenting a new formulation of the order, the rules of its formation and the effective sources in its formation. The level of civilizational analysis analyzes the order in the Islamic world according to the emergence of different forms of Islamic civilizations (or civilizational currents) within the Islamic world and behavioral dynamics (convergent/divergent) based on the hierarchical division of civilization. It explains in the Islamic world (Findings).

Independence-seeking" in international relations has been one of the most important challenges of independent states in different periods. This article poses the question of what are the Quranic strategies in facing the challenges of political independence of Islamic states from the perspective of the Supreme Leader? (Question). The hypothesis of the article is formulated as follows using the documentary analytical method (method): “in the opinion of the Supreme Leader, attention to Islamic principles and values, awareness and vigilance of Islamic nations, expediency, dignity and wisdom; Unitarianism of the Islamic Ummah, lack of trust in oppressors, anti-arrogance, non-dependence on foreigners, strengthening of political relations between Islamic states, creation of a joint Islamic defense force, are the most important strategies to overcome the challenges of political independence of Islamic states”  (hypothesis). If these strategies are implemented by the Islamic states, their effects will appear in the network of theoretical and practical outputs in the policy-making and foreign policy of Islamic states.

One of the most important subjects that attracted attention of scientific, political and judicial assemblies during two decades ago, is active and influential role making of celebrities, artists, sportsman, sportswoman and politically and scientifically. famous peoples on public opinions and directing community protests. Descanting of celebrities and influential persons may be lead to control of social crisis and meanwhile have a unique role on making social crisis or it’s aggravation and it’s leading towards disturbance, riot and disorder, in the viewpoint of penal policy, the study of scientific and legal approaches towards descanting of celebrities and influential peoples is an important issue and it’s achievements can decongestant in lawmaking about actions of celebrities and influential persons. This article with a descriptive analytical method studies that issue and concludes that although freedom of speech is a basic legal rule and its legality is unimpeachable, but it is a conditional and stipulated rule and therefore it is unjustifiable on grounds of jurisprudential basics of Islamic governance like Amre-Be-Ma’rouf and Nahye-Az-Monkar and with some principles of Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran about peoples’ rights,  if its implementation breaches basics of Islam and leads to disorder and aggravation of social crisis.

The League of Arab States and the African Union have responded to the threats and challenges of violent acts, especially terrorist crimes, by using political and legal discourses, and using countermeasures. Of course, a significant part of these responses to the violent and terrorist behaviors of the ISIS group in recent years are based on the developments that have occurred in the Middle East and Africa region. It should be noted that although the Arab Union officially expressed its willingness to confront terrorist groups such as ISIS, its organizational structures, legal regulations, and operational tools were much weaker than the African Union. However, in the process of confronting terrorist crimes, while creating democratic legitimacy, the League of Arab States should take effective measures to define and describe these crimes by making operational use of human rights mechanisms and standards. Of course, carrying out the above-mentioned strategies alone will not prevent and deal with the increasing growth and development of terrorist crimes, rather, governments joining the regulations of regional and even international organizations and reflecting them in internal regulations are undeniable necessary measures. The research findings of this article indicates that the need to design and compile a standard document is considered as a matter of necessity and in this process, regional organizations should adopt a single policy for the prevention and suppression of terrorist crimes while converging and consensus.  This research has been done using qualitative method and descriptive-analytical approach, and the data has been collected and analyzed in the form of documents using a fingerprinting tool.

The Horn of Africa is one of the important regions in the international arena. In recent years, geopolitical, geoeconomics, geostrategic, etc. values of the Horn of Africa have attracted the attention of regional and trans-regional actors, and are active in this region. One of the regional actors in the Horn of Africa is Israel, which is active in the political, military, security, intelligence, economic and commercial dimensions in this region. There are various reasons for Israel's presence in the Horn of Africa, which can be analyzed in the framework of geopolitical thought. The main research question is, what are the most important reasons for Israel's presence and activity in the Horn of Africa? what is the geopolitical analysis of these causes? (question) The current research is not hypothesis oriented due to its exploratory nature. This research with the descriptive-analytical method and inferential approach and content analysis (method), and the use of library resources, seeks to identify and geopolitically analyze the reasons for Israel's presence in the coastal and maritime areas of the Horn of Africa. The results show that the most important reasons for Israel's presence in the Horn of Africa are: dominating the strategic position of the Horn of Africa, preventing the Arab countries from dominating the region, influencing Egypt, countering Iran's influence in the Horn of Africa, and cooperating with the United States in implementing its plans and policies in this region (findings). Each of the causes is geopolitical in nature.

The Middle East is one of the sensitive and strategic regions of the world. Huge reserves of energy, seas and communication routes, as well as its large size and large population, have turned this region into a focal region in political and geopolitical equations. Ethnic and religious differences, historical tensions left over from the colonial era, environmental problems and the desire of regional and extra-regional powers to exploit the capacity of the identity forces in order to strengthen their position in geopolitical conflicts, lead to the intensification of this crises. In response to the question: "What is the most important security crisis in the Middle East and where will these crises go until the horizon of 2035?"; the article presents the following hypothesis: "The intersection and entanglement of crises currently in the Middle East, the rise of sub-national and transnational identity forces, economic issues, the structural weakness of the nation-state and finally the geopolitical competition of regional and extra-regional powers, as well as environmental problems, are the main geopolitical crisis of the Middle East, which some of they will be intensified in the next 15 years." The method of this research is quantitative-qualitative.