نشریه تحقیقات نوین در گیاه پزشکی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، تابستان 1402)

Bean common mosaic virus and related races are one of the most important bean viral diseases and are present in almost all bean growing regions. In order to investigate the effects of salicylic acid treatment on the reaction of sensitive bean variety (Akhtar) to common bean mosaic virus (BCMV), an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 replications in greenhouse conditions. The experimental treatments included concentrations of zero, 200, 400 and 800 micromolar salicylic acid. The desired treatments were performed three days before inoculation with the respective virus agent. ELISA test using BCMV antiserum showed 83.3% of samples were infected with this virus. The results showed that different levels of salicylic acid could reduce the severity of the disease compared to the control infected with the virus.The lowest severity of the disease was obtained in the treatment of salicylic acid with a concentration of 800 micromolar (15.5%). The amount of phenol in the leaves in the treatment of salicylic acid with a concentration of 800 micromolar showed the highest value (92%), which did not show a statistically significant difference with the infected control, and this trait can be an indicator of the induction of resistance with the improvement of phenol levels due to the use of salicylic acid. Salicylic acid was effective in improving the morphological parameters such as the wet weight of the aerial parts of the plant and the dry weight of the root, and in disease conditions it prevented further damage during the experimental period to such an extent that this amount in the treatment of salicylic acid with a concentration of 800 µM in the conditions of the disease did not show any significant difference with the healthy control.

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a problematic weed in vegetables production systems in eastern and southeastern of Iran, To evaluate the different levels of polyethylene mulches, Tuber burial depths, and times on Management on purple nutsedge, a factorial experiment base on randomized complete block design with four replications, at Jiroft University Research Farm, was conducted, field experiments to investigate the effect of mulch type including, (one and two layer clear polyethylene film, one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure, one layer black polyethylene and non-mulched as control), second factor was times application at three levels including (20, 40 and 60 days) and third factor tubers burial depths at three levels including (5, 15 and 25cm) on C. rotundus above and below ground growth were conducted. Results showed that two-layer clear polyethylene mulch provided greatest suppression of C. rotundus growth was observed in plots covered with 2-layer clear LDPE, at 60 days in all depths (5,15 and 25cm). However, one-layer clear mulch at 60 days in 5 cm depth and one-layer clear polyethylene + hen manure at 60 days in 5 and 15 cm depth, inhibited viability tubers significantly. But positive effect was not shown on the growth control of the period in the other treatment. Generally, the results showed that two factors of polyethylene mulches and period of solarization of have a direct effect on the control of purple nutsedge.

Purple nutsedge is one of the harmful weeds in onion (Allium cepa L.) fields. This project aims to investigate the effectiveness of oxyfluorfen, cetoxydim, bentazone and penoxolam herbicides along with the use of adjuvant. The use of additives is one of the most important effective ways to increase the efficiency and reduce the amount of herbicides. It was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with 11 treatments and three replications in industrial and cultivation fields in the year of 2021. The results of the project showed that the effect of different herbicides on the traits of Cyperus rotundus was significant and significantly reduced the number of shoots, number of tubers, above and below fresh and dry weight of shoots of Cyperus rotundus. The best treatment using bentazone + oil and cetoxydim + bentazone was obtained, yeild onion highest was obtained by hand weeding (47.272 ton. ha) and Bentazone + oil: Sethoxydim: Bentazone (43.636 ton. ha). Which was not significantly different from the control treatment (weed free). Therefore, the combination of the post-emergence application of bentazon + oil and cetoxydim + bentazone can be effective for controlling the purple nutsedge.

In this study, fumigant activity of Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A. Juss (Rutaceae) essential oil was assessed against Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Sitophilus oryzae L. . The experiment was conducted at 27±1 C, 60± 5 RH% in dark condition. Dry leaves and flowers were subjected to hydrodistulation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus to obtain essential oil. The fumigant toxicity was studied against one to seven days old adult of T. castaneum and S. oryzae with four concentration at several exposure times (3, 6, 9, 12 and 24h.). Results showed that H. tuberculatum oil was shown to be highly effective on adults of T. castaneum and S. oryzae. The mortality of 1-7 days old adults was found to be increased significantly as its concentration and time were increased. Analysis showed that S. oryzae (LC50= 14.9 μl.L-1) was more susceptible to H. tuberculatum than T. castaneum (LC50= 23.1 μl.L-1). The finding indicated the efficiency of H. tuberculatum oil to manage store product pests such as T. castaneum and S. oryzae.