مجله راهبرد سیاسی
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 26، پاییز 1402)

The planned research is a quantitative research that was conducted with a survey method.The aim of this research was to show the priority of each structure in the level of underdevelopment of Iranian society by ranking the different structures of the Iranian society and ranking its indicators.The following results were obtained:The comparison of the average ranks based on the Friedman test shows that the most important indicators of underdevelopment according to the studied people are, respectively, social structure 5.89, cultural structure 5.06, geographical structure 3.27, economic structure 3.09, legal structure 29. 2, and the political structure is 1/40 Also, among the indicators of social structure, respectively, party-playing and rent-seeking 7/83, individualism 6/31, traditionalism and conservatism 6/26, uncriticism 6/18, indifference 6/14 Among the indicators of the cultural structure, 6/96 people are ethnocentric, 6/64 are liars, jealous, hypocrites and flatterers, 6/33 alienation from history, Among the indicators of geographical structure, in the order of foreign sanctions 4.02, interference by foreigners 3.64, strategic location 3.52, attacks by foreigners 3.49, Among the indicators of economic structure, lack of technological development and industrial progress 5.18, lack of free public education 4.99, lack of sufficient income 4.34, lack of economic growth 3.57 have

The gap and social inequalities are one of the important issues of many societies today, and the country of Iran is facing this problem more than ever before due to the new economic and political conditions and the lack of efficient management. Political participation expresses how citizens with different participation attitudes take advantage of the opportunities provided by the political system and social institutions. Citizens who are well informed are more likely to participate in political affairs. What is the relationship between social gaps and political participation? The most basic orientations to political participation on the part of citizens are related to the political behavior of statesmen. Interest in politics and active and spontaneous participatory behavior on the part of citizens, having a relationship Positive with political participation, which other political attitudes are based on. These attitudes include political effectiveness and political trust. Those societies that are ineffective in creating a stable and effective government are also ineffective in creating mutual trust among citizens. The main question of the research is, what effect will the widening and thickening of social divides have on the level of political participation and electoral behavior in the Islamic Republic of Iran?

Considering the importance of nation building and the necessity of developing a special model of community building in the 5-stage road map of the new Islamic civilization, in this research, the model of community building in the religious democracy system is examined based on the provisions of the second step statement. The main question is, what are the characteristics of the socialization model in the statement of the second step? This research collects and analyzes data within the framework of revolutionary system theory and with library tools and descriptive-analytical methods. Based on the findings of this article, the model of socialization of the religious democracy system in the second step statement is different from the model of socialization of the nation-state of Western civilization and is in the direction of the model of socialization of the Islamic Ummah-nation and all-round progress of the society starts and with the simultaneous strengthening of the national and Islamic identity and efficient state-building is realized.

After the developments known as the Arab Spring, the perceptions of the Saudis regarding the increasing power and regional influence of Iran as the main threat changed. On this basis, the Saudis changed their foreign policy from a conservative mode of maintaining the status quo to an aggressive policy, and in this way, the threat balance policy became the dominant approach in the Saudi diplomatic apparatus. Saudi Arabia, exploiting the capacity of terrorist and takfiri groups that grew directly and indirectly from the body of this current; It was considered as one of the most important balancing tools to reduce Iran's influence and regional power and its threats. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the position of Takfiri terrorism in the balancing strategy of Saudi Arabia's threat against Iran during the years 2011 to 2022. This research has been written in analytical-explanatory method using library and internet sources.The findings of the research indicate that Saudi Arabia has provided various support to Takfiri terrorist groups in order to balance against the threats and influence of Iran in the Middle East, especially in areas such as Syria, Iraq and Yemen.

There are many signs that the current world order is changing and a new order will rule the world. As in the literature of international relations, there is a murmur of repetition and return to the concept of empire. This article summarizes the concepts of global governance, media empire, American empire, with the assumption that there are many points of commonality between these concepts, emphasizing the role of the media in shaping the concept of the American empire, with a descriptive-analytical approach. examines. The findings of this study show that mass media have a special capacity for fundamental changes in people's social life, which is very important. They have also found the ability to standardize and converge public opinion on domestic and international policies. In the field of economic governance, the role of the media is unmatched. Therefore, by raising issues such as human rights, justice, equality and freedom in social media at the global level, America creates a new identity for itself in the form of an empire.

The main goal of the research is to study the roots of political anomie in developing societies. The research method is of the historical-document type, where the researcher looks for the answer to the research goal by referring to articles, books, and researches. The theoretical model of the research is the structuralism-functionalism paradigm (Durkheim, Merton, Parsons and Giddens). The results show, based on the structuralism-functionalism theory; the roots of political anomie are attributed to the social structure and the function of system components in the transition from traditional to modern society. Rapid, sudden and hasty changes are the cause of political anomie. From this point of view, the imbalance of the political system, the reduction of the authority of the cultural system (symbol and collective dignity), the malfunctioning of the system, the lack of identity, alienation, the feeling of disgust and the emotional crisis of modern people, and the destruction of social traditions are the roots of political anomie. The center of distinction of political anomie thinkers is in the unit of analysis, in such a way that: Durkheim and Merton have a micro-intermediate view on the political anomie; however; Parsons and Giddens approach this issue with a medium-macro view..

At present, non-state actors are also engaged in regional and international systems. In the Middle East, certain factions have successfully bolstered their influence in the region by attaining authority and bolstering their military capacities, thus impacting the stability and security arrangements. The current historical period has seen a significant focus on researching the role of non-state players in the Middle East, mostly due to regional tensions and ongoing crises. This article employs qualitative research methods, case study approaches, theoretical frameworks, and utilizes library and internet resources to investigate the influence of non-state actors, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas and Islamic Jihad in Gaza and Palestine, Shia forces in Iraq, and the Houthis in Yemen, on the stability and power balance in the Middle East regional system. The hypothesis suggests that non-state entities have the potential to serve as a deterrence in the primary power struggle between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Israel in the Middle East. They have the ability to avert the disruption of regional power equilibrium and the occurrence of a widespread and highly intense conflict, therefore avoiding instability, imbalance, and the collapse and transformation of the regional system.

The terrorism events of September 11, 2001 were a turning point for the creation of extensive legal developments for the adoption of action regulations against terrorism. It should be noted that the common components in all anti-terrorism strategies and policies were based on expanding the limits of the duties and powers of the national legislative system and reducing their accountability in such a way that some cases related to the tension between individual freedoms and the actions of the national legislative system in European countries. He was taken to the Human Rights Court. Having said that, legislative responses to terrorism, known as "anti-terrorism legislation", confirm the quick response to these measures, which can indicate the level of preparation and activity of governments against this phenomenon. In addition, the aforementioned reactions show that there is no gap between the legislation of a country and the executive branches of that country.In addition, the aforementioned reactions show that there is no gap between the legislation of a country and the executive branches of that country.

The collapse of the Soviet Union caused geopolitical changes and the succession of four separate and independent states along the Caspian Sea.The article tries to explain Iran's security-economic and legal strategy in the Caspian Sea border area with a descriptive-analytical method. By concluding bilateral and multilateral agreements and dividing the benefits of the sea among themselves, the countries on the shores of the Caspian Sea have violated the rights of the Muslims of the Islamic Republic of Iran by ignoring international laws. The non-agreement of the coastal countries of the Caspian Sea in the field of legal regime has led to political and security competitions in the region in favor of the great powers that intervene in the Caspian region. From the perspective of realism in the Caspian region, Iran's share in this platform is very small, and on the other hand, the pressure of the West, especially the United States, does not allow Iran to pass through the pipelines. And Russia is a serious competitor for Iran. In addition, with the presence and intervention of trans-regional powers in the Caspian Sea, Iran has had less opportunity for economic and military activity in this area.