نشریه مطالعات اخلاق کاربردی
سال سیزدهم شماره 49 (بهار 1402)

The practice of sterilizing domestic and stray animals has gained prominence in modern times as a means to control their population and mitigate the growing number of stray animals resulting from the abandonment of domestic pets. However, this practice has sparked ethical debates among scholars in the field of applied ethics, with divergent viewpoints regarding its ethicality.This research, conducted through a comprehensive review of relevant literature and employing document analysis and library study methods, aims to critically examine the ethical dimensions associated with the sterilization of domestic and stray animals. By scrutinizing the arguments presented by both proponents and critics of this practice, this study seeks to shed light on potential ethical conflicts and propose possible avenues for resolution.The findings of this study indicate that a thorough reevaluation of the underlying principles of animal sterilization is not only necessary but imperative. Furthermore, practical changes, including lifestyle modifications and the regulation of breeding facilities for domestic animals, should be implemented to address the ethical concerns raised by this practice. Additionally, it is crucial to consider the potential harm inflicted upon animals and carefully navigate the conflicts of interest that arise between human and animal welfare.
By delving into the ethical complexities surrounding the sterilization of domestic and stray animals, this research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse in the field of applied ethics and foster a deeper understanding of the implications and potential consequences of this practice.

The rapid increase in the country's elderly population is an undeniable fact. The lack of awareness of the duties and responsibilities that individuals or institutions have towards them has a significant effect on the elderly, their families, and society.Considering that the range and type of responsibilities towards the elderly correspond to the needs they have, after the preliminary discussion about these needs, especially in the modern world and following the changes that have occurred in the values, behavioral patterns and ethical standards, in The case of the social position of the elderly in the family institution and the amount and manner of responsibility of children and other people as well as social institutions, especially the government, are examined.The main source of inspiration for this research is Islamic teachings, especially Islamic traditions from the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). In the first part, the most important needs are explained, and in the main part of the article, the scope of responsibility towards the elderly is seen beyond the children. Also, the main direction of the responsibilities is to preserve the dignity of the elderly and meet their needs with this approach. Methods

The growing trend of immoral conduct always makes the thinkers and policymakers of the society to think of solution, before the society reaches the point of irreversibility in the vortex of these immoral conducts. Today, in cyberspace, we see more immoral conducts than physical space. The present article seeks to answer the question why we see immoral behavior with others in cyberspace more than physical space? The subject of the present study is limited to communicative misconducts (such as insults and privacy violations) and does not include personal harms (such as pornography addiction). To answer this question, James Rest's four-component theory has been used. The research hypothesis is that current means of communication have indirectly connected people and thus reduced their moral sensitivity. This decrease in sensitivity is the cause of much ethical misconduct in cyberspace. To support this hypothesis, evidence from experimental studies is provided: Findings from moral psychology, behavioral economics, and other branches of behavioral science.

In this study, in the manner of applied ethics, the virtues and vices of applied ethics of employers' dealings with workers (both conventional workers including employees and any subordinate workforce) are expressed in two separate parts.In the history of work and labor, employers have dealt with the workforce under their control, including term workers and employees, slaves and servants, and the like, with two methods of anti-ethical and inhumane treatment or ethical and humane treatment. In the biographies of the Prophet and Imams Huda (peace be upon him) and Fahawi in the texts of Islamic ethics, contrary to the anti-ethical and anti-human approach, they always emphasized on preserving and enhancing the human dignity of workers. Kissing workers' hands, eating with them, avoiding blaming them and using respectful titles for them are important examples of this issue.Taking part of the duties of the workers, hastening the payment of the workers' wages, taking into account the physical characteristics of the workers, forgiving the possible vandalism of the worker, reacting better to the kindness of the worker, reducing the punishment of the worker, observing the psychological points in paying the worker's wages, respecting the worker, observing the hours. Workers' work, division of labor, making contracts and determining working hours and wages, proper treatment with humility and gentleness, and livelihood security during the period of disability are among the moral virtues of dealing with workers, which are specified in the lives of religious leaders and moral books. .

The aim of the current research was to identify the predominant research approach in the field of ethics in sports with an emphasis on sports in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method is using thematic analysis method. Also, the data required for the research has been obtained from all articles, treatises and scientific-research theses in the field of ethics in sports. In order to confirm and transferability of the research, the results and findings of the research were given to four sports science professors and its internal and external validity was confirmed. In order to ensure the consistency or quality of the research, the method of data analysis was given to two referees in the field of sports ethics and was approved. The results showed that 55 basic concepts or codes, 13 sub-themes and 5 main topics of organizational ethics, research ethics, sports ethics, economic ethics and media ethics are concentrated in the dominant discourse of ethics in sports. In addition, organizational ethics, legal ethics, ethics of human forces active in sports and maintaining and promoting moral values in the organization have been taken into consideration. Political ethics and social ethics were also important aspects of sports ethics. Also, the prevention of financial corruption in sports through the role of the media and increasing media literacy in the field of media and improving their awareness of the content of all types of media are among the results of this research.

In addition to being responsible for a significant role as a source of funding for countries, the tourism industry plays a significant role in the expansion of cultures and values as a tool for soft power. Religious tourism is one of the important types of this industry in our country, which has a high capacity of Iranian-Islamic culture and religious-historical places and welcomes countless number of tourists every year, which further shows the necessity of dealing with this field. The special requirements of religious tourism in Iran require compliance with the ethics related to it. According to this type of prevailing conditions and the special conditions of some tourists, ethical challenges will arise in this field, and considering the important effects of religious tourism in different dimensions and the unreasonableness of closing tourism due to its harm, it is necessary to address the ethical challenges of religious tourism. Tourists, guides and performers will be investigated and solutions will be provided. . Therefore, in this research, with a descriptive-analytical method, a number of ethical challenges in this type of religious tourism in Iran, such as challenges related to destination customs, clothing rules, pilgrims' rights, etc., were studied, and finally solutions from Such as paying attention and understanding the culture of the destination and the tourist, a guiding attitude, etc., have been presented to overcome these ethical problems.