نشریه آراء
سال پنجم شماره 12 (زمستان 1401)

The preservation and survival of the society depends on the justice system taking steps in the direction of supporting the individual and social rights of the general public; But there should also be a competent authority and body that can specifically protect their rights on behalf of the society, and rather take steps to establish and revive their rights. In many countries, including Iran, the prosecutor's office is responsible for this by prosecuting, prosecuting and punishing those who violate people's rights. The role of prosecutors in securing public rights and enforcing law and justice is very important and they have dangerous powers and duties in the direction of public rights; One of the headings of public law is "prevention of crime". In this descriptive article, the duties and powers of the prosecutor's office and the prosecutor in crime prevention and preservation and revival of public rights will be examined.

Water as the most important factor in the formation of civilizations has long been considered by everyone. In our country, due to being in the dry and desert belt, the importance of this vital fluid is doubled. Conflict of interests in this field and competition for its ownership It is possible to reflect more and more on the legal nature of this vital blessing and to examine the impact of identifying this legal nature in the exercise of public rights. What is the effect of inland water supply on public rights? This research seeks to answer this question with a descriptive-analytical method. What is the relationship between the legal nature of inland water and its recognition as public law? The system of water ownership, which was previously discussed under private law, has entered the realm of public law. It is the provision, guarantee and restoration of these rights. However, a mere economic view of water is not without its drawbacks, and recognizing it as the basic and basic need of citizens beyond economic value is a transcendent view. It is examined what other divisions such as private property, Anfal, permissibility, etc. can have in allocating this vital fluid to the public as an inalienable right.

Preserving and protecting the environment and keeping it healthy, as one of the most important basic needs for survival, has been considered by everyone. The purpose of this article is to recognize the legal jurisprudential capacities in environmental protection that exist in the Qur'an, speech and behavior of the Prophet and the Imams (as), Islamic ethics, civilization and Islamic jurisprudence, and can be used to break the laws. Social and individual help according to Islamic rules, and therefore recognizing the existing capacities in jurisprudential sources is important in environmental protection. In addition, environmental protection is one of the important and practical issues of the time that needs to be processed and researched in various fields, including Islamic jurisprudence. The right to enjoy the environment should also be mentioned as important examples of human rights that the Holy Shari'a in its teachings and in the Holy Quran, while reminding this matter, emphasizes the protection of nature and natural resources and environmental balance from any encroachment. Accordingly, aggression against nature is considered corruption on earth, which will lead to the Hereafter and worldly responsibility. In this article, the jurisprudential principles of the right to enjoy a healthy environment are discussed from the perspective of jurisprudential rules and investigate and explain the tremendous effect that these rules can have on the enactment of laws and the inference of Shari'a rules in the field of environmental protection.

Military law, as one of the areas of criminal law, has many differences in comparison with civil law and related doctrines, which causes a challenge between these two sensitive areas. Due to the age in the codified laws of military rights and its lack of up-to-dateness and non-compliance with the modern doctrines of civil rights, especially the Charter of Civil Rights which has benefited from the latest standards of human rights, military law does not have this characteristic and needs to be transformed and has evolved and continues to show resistance to changes in civil rights, and for this reason, those subject to military rights, especially the general officers of justice (Naja), show the greatest friction in dealing with citizens in the confrontation between the rigid and inflexible military laws. have given. In the end, it seems that military rights are in conflict with the doctrines of civil rights, but the link between these two rights can be found in the responsibilities and duties of public officers of justice. Therefore, in this path, in addition to the above, there are other obstacles and challenges, including: Not updating and not amending the existing military laws, The inflexibility of military rights in front of the new developments of citizenship rights. There is a lack of awareness and general knowledge of officers and citizens regarding the issues of citizenship rights, etc. In this research, we have tried to identify the challenges facing the evolution in the field of military criminal law by analyzing the legislative history and its adaptation to modern legal doctrines, in order to reach the components and standards of the charter of citizenship rights.

Anfal is a general term that includes a wide range of properties with different characteristics. The distinguishing criterion of Anfal is not having a specific owner and public property such as favorable or abandoned lands, mines, seas, lakes, rivers and other public waters, mountains, valleys, etc. is at the disposal of the Islamic government to treat them according to public interests act In this research, with analytical-descriptive method, Anfal and its relationship with public law have been investigated. Anfal are properties that have relatively many examples and public law recognizes the right to use these properties for the general public. Public rights guarantee the public ownership of people on the enfal. . As an example, the use of rivers, pastures, and forests, which are all included in anfal, is manifested through public rights. Judicial authorities (prosecutors) are required to protect and restore these rights. In fact, Anfal is considered as public property that can be used by everyone in the same land, and public rights can also be related to the use of Anfal as a right. Protection of this right in the legal system is entrusted to the prosecutor. Therefore, the prosecutor should monitor the rights and benefits that are obtained from the use of Anfal by the general society, and wherever a right has been violated, it should pursue its public justice.

The purpose of this article, while examining the problems caused by the implementation of the development-oriented prevention program regarding the sexual delinquency of children involved in cyberspace in the two legal systems of Iran, is to provide solutions to deal with the disadvantages of cyberspace in the abuse and sexual exploitation of children, which actually The problems facing the legal systems of every country are in the international community. The obtained results show that control over the content and activities of Internet service providers in cyberspace, police control over child pornography sites, and informing and educating children and parents can be among the growth-oriented prevention strategies of child delinquency. It is in cyber space. As the French legal system has prioritized the protection of children against sexual exploitation and abuse in legislation, differential proceedings and special protections, as well as traditional laws to address the challenges of information technology, violence and the country's alignment with international law conventions. Children is modified. The results show that cyberspace damage is a big problem for children. Virtual space has taken a large part of the social and creative life of many teenagers and children. The benefits of social media include wider and easier communication, varied learning and creativity. Along with the benefits, there are also risks, such as exposure to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, and the violation of children's information. Parental guidelines can help children stay safe while using social media responsibly, respectfully, and safely. Based on this, this article analyzes and evaluates some of the development-oriented prevention techniques used to deal with the sexual abuse of children in cyberspace.