نشریه مطالعات میان رشته ای هنر و علوم انسانی
پیاپی 13 (آذر 1402)

One of humanity’s most critical problems today is the massive waste caused by the textile industry and clothing design. Among the measures producers and designers take to reduce pollution, we can mention choosing raw or recyclable natural materials. Fabric waste can negatively affect the textile industry, increasing production costs and reducing companies’ profitability. In general, textile waste management is one of the critical issues in the environment and sustainable development, which requires new methods and appropriate recycling to ensure environmental protection and create a sustainable industry. In this research, I want to examine the impact of waste on the environment and sustainable development and compare pre-consumer and post-consumer waste. The method in this research is analytical-descriptive, and the data collector tries to answer the question using library resources. How do pre-consumer and post-consumer waste affect the environment and sustainable development? This research shows the impact of fabric waste on the environment and sustainable development, and the excessive use of disposable fabrics and their non-recycling creates serious environmental problems. Using post-consumer fabrics and their recycling can reduce the amount of waste and improve the environment and sustainable development. Also, in this research, by comparing pre-use and post-use waste, paying attention to the positive effects of using post-use fabrics, it is better to reduce the use of pre-use fabrics, considering that it has more recycling capabilities and is also created due to the steps before production. It is better for the environment than post-consumer waste. However, both types of waste require proper management and recycling to help preserve the environment.

Beauty is one of the basic concepts studied through history and philosophy. From a philosophical point of view, beauty is one of the world’s basic concepts. Philosophers have looked at this issue from their point of view and influenced the history of philosophy with their theories. Among these philosophers, we can mention Plato and Augustine. The reason for choosing the opinions of these two philosophers in the upcoming research is the closeness of the theories and ideas of these two philosophers. This article aims to examine and compare the views of Plato and Augustine and to find commonalities and differences in the opinions of these two philosophers from the aspect of aesthetics. The question raised in this research is, what do Plato and Augustine consider the origin of beauty? Therefore, the method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and data collection has been done using the library method. The results showed that Plato defines beauty as representing the world of ideas and pure and perfect essence and believes that beauty in the material world is only an incomplete and relative manifestation of ideal beauty. From Plato’s point of view, beauty is a transcendent concept that is beyond the material world. Augustine introduces beauty as a manifestation of God and his creation. He believes beauty in the material world represents God’s wisdom and power. For a better understanding of God and His creation, one should pay attention to the beauty of the material world. He believes that beauty can be experienced and admired in the material world, and this experience leads us to God and His creation. Therefore, from the point of view of Plato and Augustine, the source of beauty is something beyond the material world. Plato defines beauty as representing the world of ideas and pure and perfect essence, While Augustine introduces beauty as a manifestation of God and His creation. Augustine believes that the source of beauty is God.

This study investigates and analyzes the illustration and cover design of children’s books in age groups A and B with a case study from 1380 to 1400. This article identifies common patterns and elements in children’s book cover designs. In analyzing children’s book cover illustrations, I examine color, shape, symbols, characters, and various artistic techniques. This analysis aims to understand better the relationship between illustration and the content of children’s books. Patterns, temporal changes, and design trends can be identified by examining the cover design of children’s books in age groups A and B during the last decade. This analysis may cause results such as an evolutionary process in all these cases. Therefore, it should be determined how the illustration of the book cover design for children of age groups A and B should be done. By continuing research in this field, we can better understand how book cover illustrations affect their appeal and impact on children.

In the game Cat and Coup, two main groups, called Cat and Coup, face each other. Cats symbolize strength and steadfastness, While coups symbolize opposition movements and attempts to change the status quo. Comparing this game with Safavid architecture, we can see similarities and differences. In the architecture of the Safavid period, large and magnificent buildings were built, such as the Imam Mosque in Isfahan and the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza in Mashhad. These buildings, like cats, symbolized strength and stability and showed that the Safavid government had a lot of power and civilization. Likewise, cats in the game are a symbol of strength and steadfastness. In contrast, coups are symbols of opposition movements and changes in the cat game and coups. During the Safavid era, many attempts were made to change the previous situation. For example, the role of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili and the early Safavid dynasty in establishing the Safavid government and rising from the Timurid rule can be similar to the activity of coups in the game. In terms of difference, the game of cat and coup is an imaginary game in which two opposing groups face each other. Still, the architecture of the Safavid period was a historical reality, and the buildings built in that period are symbols of Iranian culture and art. In short, in the cat game, the coup, and the architecture of the Safavid period, there are also significant differences in addition to the similarities. These two issues are investigated separately in two different fields (game and architectural art).

Zar ritual is a musical-therapeutic ritual of Ethiopian origin and has found its way to the southern shores of Iran as a migrant ritual. Believers of this religion believe that human diseases are due to the presence of evil winds or air in them. Therefore, by performing a special ritual, these winds should be removed from the patient’s body so the disease disappears. Music is the primary tool for treating a patient with Zar; Rhythmic music is based on percussion instruments. In addition to that, other ritual behaviors such as making sacrifices and spreading the table also help to treat the patient with Zar. In this research, I address the commonalities and differences of this ritual in Hormozgan and Ethiopia and compare the musical and structural changes of the two. Accordingly, the central question of this research is, what are the similarities and differences between the structure and the music performed during this ritual in Hormozgan and Ethiopia? This article examines the structure and music of this ritual using document collection and content analysis, field observation, and interviews with the natives of Hormozgan province. The results of this research show that although the Zar ritual has undergone significant changes during its migration from the country of origin, Ethiopia, to the country of destination, Iran, and especially Hormozgan province, the primary substance and essence of this ritual have been preserved, and its African structural and musical nature has not lost.

The process of formation and creation of an artwork has always been the concern of researchers and artists in art studies. Also, the creation of painting has been the subject of educational programs due to its skill and technical aspects. This indicates the importance of studying the path of creation of a work. The realization of this problem is possible through formative and methodical criticism. The formation process of a text is possible by focusing on all extratextual and intratextual aspects of work and relying on objective observation and material documentation. For this purpose, taking into account the conditions and crises after the war and after a brief and comprehensive introduction of the features of Francis Bacon’s works in general and among Bacon’s countless works, a selective study and interpretation of the paintings of Francis Bacon, the famous painter of the 20th century, with the title The Pope and Pope and Owls study series are covered in detail. The purpose of the article is to discuss how to create an expressionistic content of reality in Bacon’s works and to answer the question of how Bacon, by focusing on what he has in his distinctive formative behavior, leaves a different scope of pretext that is in the number of documents of the constructive case. It is effective. The collection was done using a library method. In the following, I have dealt with the influence of the elements of color and form in creating Bacon’s works from the perspective of the elders. This article has been decoded in a descriptive-analytical way so that, finally, it leads its audience to the conclusion that Bacon was a realist painter and depicted reality in the form of expressionism and sensationalism. This shows the creativity and combination of elements and how to use tools to execute the work. For this purpose, hypertext becomes possible by studying this text’s development process and relying more on other elements around the text, including paratext and pretext.