فصلنامه پژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 69، تابستان 1402)

Localism is a modern term that emerged in the process of independence and liberation of the eastern colonized countries from the domination of the western colonialist countries and at the same time entered various fields including fiction.In this context, the analysis of fictional works has special importance as one of the most important sources of nativism; because on the one hand it is connected with various social concepts and on the other hand it leads to our understanding of the components of nativism and how to use them in the text. In this regard, this article with the descriptive and analytical method, analyzes the components of nativism in the book "Parandeh dar Baad (Bird in the Wind) ". In this way, first the primary data was collected through documentary study and then it was analyzed in the framework of the definition of nativism and the components of Iranian identity. The results of the research showed that the author highlighted the components of Iranian identity in this book, namely: language, culture, religion, history and geography of the land, as well as foreign-oriented aspects.

Synesthesia or sensory fusion is represented through cross-modal expressions in language. In synesthesia, there is a kind of meaning transfer between words of different modalities. The present study aims at exploring mechanisms involved in transferring predicates from one sense modality to another. And also we explore factors involved in interpreting cross-modal expressions in Sa’adi’s Boostan using tenets of cognitive semantics such as embodied meaning, cultural factors and evaluative content of sensory terms along with the role human's mental architecture in deriving different literal and non-literal meanings from these expressions. The data include cross-modal expressions collected from Sa’adi’s Boostan and analysis is carried out in a descriptive method. Results show that our understanding of meaning transfer between sensory modalities is syncretic rather than metaphorical. Therefore, predicate transfer in cross-modal expressions in Sa’adi’s Boostan is done through mechanisms such as experiential correlations between different concepts, conceptual metonymy and evaluative valence of sense words. Furthermore, there are psychologically primitive concepts for sense words in Sa’adi’s Boostan that span all domains of sensory experience and are activated in presence of certain stimuli to trigger derivation of various literal meanings. Finally, Iranian Culture and lifestyle in Saadi's period play their role as a filter for preventing elements that are not in accordance with Persian culture from appearing in linguistic realization.

In postmodern novels, the concept of identity does not enjoy any coherence and stability existing in pre-modern novels. Indeed, such a concept is fragmented, disjointed and unstable. Narrative in postmodern stories is thus unreliable, suspicious and contradictory due to the fragmented and fluid identities of the characters. One of the most prominent and prolific writers in the contemporary era is Mohammad Reza Kaateb, some of whose novels are similar to postmodernist elements. In so doing, the concept of identity and narrative is disclosed in this study. In this research, in a descriptive and analytical way, six novels of the author named "Aftab Prast-e Nazanin (Lovely Chameleon)", "Balzans (The Fliers )", "Bi Tarsi (Fearless)", " Pasti (Dowmhill)", " Ram Konandeh (The Domesticator)" and "Hiss" from the point of view of postmodernist components. Identity, character and narration have been investigated. The findings show that most of the characters in the addressed novels are of indeterminate, fragmented identities. Wandering, displacement and overlapping of characters with each other, inability in self-recognition, is evidence to their disjointed identities. Fragmented and contradictory narratives in characters and adventures are one main feature that marked the writer's novels with uncertainty.The post-modernist components of ontological doubt, uncertainty and fragmentation and contradiction in identity and narrative are very impressive in such novels as Lovely Chameleon, Downhill, The Domesticator and Hiss. In contrast, The Fliers and Fearless have used such elements to a milder extent.

Part of the mysticism of the 6th century is the result of the thoughts of "Ruzbehan Baghli". In the book "Abhar al-Asheqin", Roozbahan Baghli has mixed dynamic thought with creativity with poetic expression in the form of prose and intertwined the boundaries between prose poetry and poetic prose. In the study of the language of "Abhar al-Asheqin" in this research, defamiliarization components were identified in his prose with an emphasis on the opinions of "leach".For this purpose, descriptive-analytical method and library resources have been used. In this book, Rozbahan's language has a special system, and the methods of defamiliarization, rule-making, and linguistic rule-enhancing, influenced by Rozbahan's mystical experiences, are well expressed. Grammarization through the process of verbal repetition is in the form of a balance resulting from lexical repetition, and among these, there is more incomplete phonetic repetition than complete phonetic repetition in the form of parallel (parallel and opposite) and congruent words. As a factor in creating defamiliarization in the form of personalization, simile, and metaphor, defamiliarization is the most frequent form of fantasy in "Abhar al-Asheqin" and the combinations of words that are mixed in an artistic and innovative way defamiliarize the language. The succession of additions and the use of verses and hadiths and contrasts are also among his tricks in this work.

This article deals with the analysis of the elements that break the foundation from the point of view of Derrida and the analysis of these elements in the articles of Shams and tries to reconstruct the pluralism of meaning in damaging the metaphysical ideas presented in Western philosophy and reach new meanings from the text. Shams Tabrizi's articles have the capacity to achieve countless signs and symbols for multiple meanings with consecutive semantic suspensions. The authors of this article, with descriptive-analytical method based on Derrida's foundation-breaking approach, examine some of these concepts such as the negation of the definition of the unit of truth, the death of the author, the semiotics of post-structuralism, the dominant ideology of the text through the negation of contrasts, values, etc. have done. In Shams's articles, in the field of negation of the definition of the single truth, the truth is not considered an absolute and single thing, but it is placed in the field of interpretive debates and everyone has their own interpretation of it. Contrary to the views of Platonic logos, Shams introduces wisdom and rationalism as completely incomplete in the path of truth and sees it as a veil for the seeker. He does not contrast writing and speech or presence and absence, but beyond these two, he generally considers speech and presence as a veil.

The main theme of most of Sufi's anecdotes is the virtues of elders. This means a huge amount of tazkira and mystical manaqibnameh and some other Sufi texts, all of which can be included under the title "Anecdotes of Dignities". Dignities anecdotes have always been the stage of rejection and acceptance by different groups of its audience. Some people who believe in dignity have not only accepted these anecdotes, but have tried to forge several dignities in the same format for the sheikhs of Sufi. On the other hand, some deniers and those who don't believe in dignity not only are not satisfied with not accepting and denying from the heart, but also they have led the work to anti-dignity. Some contemporary researchers have also come out against dignity, or have questioned the realism of such anecdotes, or have set limits for it, for reasons such as the creation of dignity. In the midst of these dignifications and anti-dignity, how can we scientifically recognize the dignity of Owlia as a mystical phenomenon? In this article, after examining the motivation of dignitaries and denying dignitaries, it is clear in descriptive and analytical manner that supporters and opponents of dignity do not prevent us from not recognizing the dignities of the saints as mystical realities. The importance of the subject lies in the believability and realism of anecdotes of dignities, which include a large volume of literary and mystical heritage.