مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 742 (هفته دوم دی 1402)

Many studies agree on the beneficial effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The present study investigates the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on the serum levels of adipulin and irisin in obese male rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups including healthy control, control fatty liver, and HIIT fatty liver. To induce obesity/fatty liver, rats were treated with a high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Lee index was used to ensure disease induction. Rats in the training group performed the HIIT program on a rodent treadmill (8 weeks and 5 sessions per week). 48 hours after the last training session, blood was taken, and serum analysis was done by ELISA method.

A decrease was seen in serum irisin and adipulin levels in the fatty liver control group compared to healthy control (P = 0.001). The results indicated a significant increase in irisin serum levels in the HIIT-fatty liver group compared to the fatty liver control (P = 0.001). Also, no significant difference was observed between the HIIT-fatty liver and the healthy control groups (P < 0.05).

Irisin and adipulin increase are proposed as mechanisms of HIIT effect as a way to counter the harmful effects of obesity and fatty liver.

Since 1950, warfarin has been widely used as an anticoagulant medication for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolism. Various factors such as age, weight, diet, and genetic factors such as CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes are involved in determining the dose of warfarin. This study was conducted to evaluate common polymorphisms in patients treated with warfarin.

The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the laboratory of Shahid Dastghib Hospital in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. A total of 99 patients were selected for this study. Patients were receiving warfarin for various reasons, including heart problems. CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene polymorphisms were investigated by a multiplex PCR method.

The haplotype frequencies of CYP2C9 alleles with *1*1, *1*3, *2*3, and *3*3 combinations were 1, 9.1, 19.2, and 70.2 percent, respectively. Among VKORC1 -1639G> A gene, allele GA, by 52.5%, was most frequent, followed by GG and AA with 34.3%, and 13.1% respectively.

The results showed a significant effect of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene polymorphisms on the required starting dose of warfarin to maintain INR in the range of 2-3. The CYPC2CP * 3*3* and VKORC1 -1639 G>A alleles were the most common polymorphisms in the studied population. The combination of age, weight, and haplotype genotypes of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 was the best predictive value. We can calculate the weekly dose of warfarin with the regression equation and help determine the starting dose of this drug for people with similar conditions.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease. The best way to control T1D is to control blood sugar levels and change lifestyle, including proper diet and physical activity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise and diet alone on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose in patients with T1D.

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for English articles published until October 2022. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of exercise and diet, alone, on HbA1c and fasting glucose in patients with T1D. Standardized mean difference (SMD), weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a random effect model.

The results of 14 studies with 637 boys and girls with T1D showed that exercise caused a significant decrease in HbA1c (P = 0.03, SMD = -0.55) in T1D patients compared to the control group. However, exercise did not significantly reduce fasting glucose (P = 0.07, WMD = -28.14 mg/dL) in T1D patients compared to the control group. Also, the diet did not significantly reduce HbA1c (SMD-0.04, P = 0.6) and fasting glucose (WMD-18.52 mg/dL, P = 0.1) in patients with T1D compared to the control group.

The present study shows that exercise training is suggested as a non-pharmacological solution to reduce HbA1c for T1D patients. According to the results of the present meta-analysis, the most appropriate exercise method to reduce HbA1c is combined exercise. However, diet alone does not affect HbA1c in patients with T1D.