فصلنامه مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی
پیاپی 51 (بهار 1402)

Human has values that can play a role in the formation of Iranian Islamic house architecture. Ignoring the hidden values in the experiences of our past is becoming more visible every day. The question that was raised was: How are human values manifested in the architecture of Iranian Islamic houses? The purpose of the research was to identify the human values governing Iranian-Islamic houses, to explain the relationship between human values with the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle, and its manifestation in the architecture of the historical houses of Yazd City as the case studies. This research was qualitative and practical in terms of purpose, and it was conducted by combining logical reasoning methods, descriptive-analytical and historical studies, and based on library documents and sources. We analyzed human values based on Islamic culture in house architecture in 5 axes: human relationship with God - human relationship with self - human relationship with society and others - human relationship with nature - human relationship with history. After extracting Islamic teachings, 6 examples of historical houses in Yazd City were selected and analyzed in terms of Islamic teachings in the field of human values. The results of the study showed that human values in the form of respect for the elderly, guest rights, good neighborliness, avoidance of extravagance, hierarchy, etc., were manifested in the historical houses of Yazd city. Iranian-Islamic buildings are a dynamic collection that must be constantly evolving and adapt to the needs of the residents, Iranian-Islamic concepts, principles, and human values. Therefore, by extracting human values from the pure architecture of the past, updating and restoring it, and updating and spreading it, the architecture of contemporary houses can be shaped in sync with human values.

Problem and necessity: In order to create sustainable buildings, systems have been developed to evaluate the performance of buildings, separated by use. Due to the prevalence of Islam and Shia religion in Iran, one of the most used buildings are religious-pilgrimage buildings, the number of which is significant and influential in terms of sustainability. However, until now, these buildings have not been reviewed from the point of view of achieving sustainable development goals, and criteria for this review have not been defined. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to provide special criteria for evaluating a sustainable pilgrimage building and then upgrade and improve these holy places based on these criteria. The purpose of the research: The aim of the current research is to design a model to evaluate pilgrimage buildings in achieving the goals of sustainable development in the building sector in Iran. research method The research is in the stage of collecting information by survey method. In order to increase the validity of the questionnaire, the initial questionnaires were designed and approved by studying similar questionnaires in researches and consulting professors and a number of elite board membersof Delphi method. Then, a number of questionnaires were distributed among each part of the statistical population and all identified ambiguities were resolved and the final questionnaire was distributed. The consistency rate of less than 0.1 of the questionnaires confirmed the reliability of the questionnaires. In the step of data analysis, Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used. Research result and suggestion: The results of Delphi analysis were the introduction of a model consisting of 10 headings and 94 criteria. According to the results of the AHP method, among the criteria introduced to achieve a sustainable pilgrimage building in Iran, the first three priorities are: "sustainable management and processes", "technical and functional quality" and "water". Based on these results, an evaluation system and a special weighting system for sustainable pilgrimage buildings in Iran were proposed. The suggestions of the research are preparation of special management annexes, self-sufficient design of energy and water and sewage infrastructures and more serious pursuit of water consumption optimization.

In recent decades, the urban regeneration approach has shifted from physical renewal towards sustainable urban regeneration as a result of the evolution of thoughts and policies. The goal is to achieve economic growth, social dynamism, improved urban environmental quality, and ecological sustainability. Inefficient urban fabric is identified as the primary target area for the regeneration of urban zones facing numerous economic, social, physical, and environmental challenges compared to other urban areas. One crucial solution in this regard involves harnessing developmental stimuli through a series of urban initiatives and plans to address the issues in various domains of urban areas. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of catalyst and description of their role in the model of sustainable regeneration in Kohsar city, which is one of the most important inefficient urban areas in Alborz province. Therefore, identifying the drivers of development stimuli, elucidating their spatial distribution, and explaining their role in sustainable urban regeneration are paramount. The research methodology employed is descriptive, utilizing quantitative and qualitative analyses with a focus on GIS software and employing the Moran's I autocorrelation technique. The results indicate that the physical, social, and environmental criteria are clustered, while the economic criterion is randomly and unevenly distributed in Kohsar city. The finding of the research show that in the city of Kohsar , concentrating on the economic, social, physical, and environmental capacities of the existing urban areas and distributing them in inefficient areas can play a crucial role in accelerating the process of sustainable regeneration and addressing the challenges of inefficient urban fabric.

From the Qajar period of Tabriz, extremely valuable houses have been left. One of them is Behnam and the other is Qadaki who have a common entrance and porch and it seems that there are hidden concepts behind their architectural plan. Addressing the issue of meaning and finding deep layers in the field of architecture is inevitable. Therefore, in order to find these concepts and the relationship between these two buildings in terms of using archetypal concepts, a comparative comparison has been made. One of Jung's most important archetypes is the self (mandala). And it is necessary to investigate more precisely, the main questions of the research are raised as follows: 1. How has the mandala archetype appeared in the architecture of the houses of Qadki and Behnam in Tabriz? 2. What is the manifestation of meaning based on the archetypal concepts of mandala in Behnam and Qadki houses? The aim of this research is to find the basic patterns as a common language for the continuity of the architecture of these houses. In this research, the ancient pattern of mandala can be recovered by semiotic reading through its basic forms, images and representation of its concepts. Considering the historical-analytic nature of the research and the comparative comparison of the studied houses, it has been summarized qualitatively and descriptively. At the same time, according to its theoretical approach, the semiotic approach has been used to extract symbols and meaning. Referring to the method of layered semiotics, it has been used to convert the data into paradigm patterns that indicate the presence of the mandala in the formation of the structure of the studied houses. In the following, the semantic analysis of each of the mandala images in the studied samples has been done. The result of the research shows the traces of mandal images such as numbers and specific geometric patterns. The first architectural foundations of Behnam and Qadaki houses are in the form of simple, regular geometrical shapes, which include circles, regular polygons, and squares, which are developed in a mandal combination and have an archaic nature.

Housing, as a space for settling and living، has always been one of the first spaces that humans have dealt with since the beginning of history، and the characteristics of this building، especially its interior، are due to the direct connection with humans during long hours of the day. It has been of great importance. Peace is one of the spiritual and psychological needs of every person. Nowadays، humans usually spend most of our time at home، and therefore we Searching to find peace at home and rest our body and soul in this place. Considering this issue، architecture can help a lot in creating peace by inducing a sense of peace and tranquility in the interior of the house. The purpose of the current research is to examine the opinions of researchers and theorists of architecture and environmental psychology، to extract the factors that create peace from the perspective of the residents and to match them with the current spatial behavior patterns of the residents. Home. Based on this، in this research، how can peace be manifested in two common house models. Contemporary buildings including apartment houses and detached houses with courtyards will be examined. This research has been conducted with a mixed qualitative method along with quantitative analysis through a two-sample t-test، and the research process is such that in the first stage، through interviews with the residents of the houses، semantic systems derived from the spatial characteristics of each pattern extracted. In the common type of housing in Kerman (detached houses with courtyards and apartments) it was compared and the degree of peacefulness in the houses was extracted. This article finally came to the conclusion that the super meaning of peace is manifested in the model of independent houses with courtyards more than in the apartment model، which is also affected by the variety of spatial characteristics and environmental capabilities that are in this model. The house is more like an apartment.

The quality of the internal spaces and the impacts it has on the building's energy consumption depend critically on the right and optimal design of the building facade, which plays a significant function as the structure's envelope.Taking into account the facade's crucial function as the building's outer shell on On the other hand, new evaluation methods that designers and architects can utilize in the early stages of design must be replaced due to the time-consuming and challenging existing methods of optimization. The building's exterior envelope has an impact on both the outside environment and the urban environment in addition to shielding the inside environment from outside environmental conditions. Walls, ceilings, windows, doors, and other building elements are among its many parts. The goal of the current study is to create a thorough taxonomy of local structures while also examining the impact of building facade factors on their thermal behavior and energy usage. For this reason, the anatomical parameters of the façade are thoroughly studied in the first step by methodically studying sources and comparable research, and then the various types of facades in area 15 are examined. It should be noted that this article is only the first of a thorough investigation into facade design alternatives for energy consumption reduction. Following the completion of the investigations, the area's GIS map was extensively analyzed, and various and typical types were extracted using a field approach. According to the results of the field research and the components of the facade covering, the average area, orientation, length-to-width ratio, and frequency of parts are examined. The final types are extracted in the second stage after the buildings with the same length of view are classified in accordance with the map and the locations of the spaces in the main view.