مجله مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 78 (خرداد و تیر 1402)

The growth of start-ups affects the country's economy, which creates employment and sometimes prevents the closure of businesses. The purpose of this study was to design a model and prioritize the factors affecting the formation of sports startups with a structural equation modeling approach. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) with exploratory approach. The statistical population of the quality section consisted of 15 professors of sports management and start-up experts. In the quantity section, there were graduate students who needed between 5 and 10 people for each question. 300 statistical samples were selected by proportional stratified sampling method. The data collection tool in the qualitative section of the interview was semi-structured and the results of this interview were designed in the form of a questionnaire with 4 main factors and 13 sub-factors. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 sports management professors and experts and the construct validity was confirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. For modeling structural equations and other tests were used by AMOS and SPSS soft wares, Version 23. Adequacy of sample size was reported KMO =0.78 and the goodness test indices of the fit of the model and the final model in 4 managerial, commercial, environmental and technical factors were confirmed. It is suggested that in order to form sports startups, by analyzing each of the factors, they provide the ground for reducing possible problems and obstacles and increase the probability of their startup's success.

The purpose of this study was to provide a background model for startup development in sports in the country. This research had a qualitative approach that was implemented as a grounded theory. The statistical population of the present study included professors and managers aware of the field of research and activists in the field of sports startups. The sampling method was purposeful in a standard type and continued to the point of theoretical saturation. For data analysis, continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that issues such as human resources, financial characteristics, idea characteristics, legal characteristics and infrastructure characteristics and cultural conditions were identified as background factors. The results also showed that personality traits, individual abilities, market characteristics and risk in the idea are identified as intervening factors in this area. The development of start-ups in the country's sports can have positive effects in the personal, sports and intellectual fields, and this issue considers the necessity of executive activities in this field more and more important.

The purpose of this study is to analysis of the dimensions of competitive intelligence of Tehran sports club managers. The statistical population of the study was all managers and experts of sports clubs in Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, a sample of 384 people was determined as the research sample, which was selected from the statistical population of the study. The research tool was a revised competitive intelligence questionnaire whose validity and reliability were examined and confirmed. Binomial test and Spearman and Yu Mann-Whitney correlation tests were used to analyze the data and to design the model used the partial least squares (PLS) model. The study of correlation intensity showed that the relationship between social and strategic intelligence and market intelligence as well as social and strategic intelligence and competitors' intelligence is strong and the relationship between other components Are in the range of moderate intensity. According to the final model coefficients, competitors' intelligence had the most impact, followed by social and strategic intelligence, market intelligence and technological intelligence, respectively. According to the coefficients of the final model, the intelligence of competitors had the greatest impact. Finally, due to the higher coefficient of market intelligence in the present study, it is necessary for the managers of sports clubs to maintain and promote as much as possible competitive intelligence, Managers should distribute periodic survey sheets to gain more knowledge about their target market.

Current organizations facing with increasing, complexity and unpredictability of changes and their survival in a changing and competitive environment depends on their ability to develop employees. The main purpose of this study was to design a human resource development model for the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The study was done in the framework of qualitative approach with applied purpose. The statistical population consisted academic, managerial and executive experts who were identified using Snowball sampling method. They were interviewed in a qualitative semi-structured pattern that was conducted in prior coordination with experts. Interviews continued until the stage of theoretical saturation (n = 14). Thematic analysis (theme) technique was used to data analyzes. To ensure the validity of the research, reviewing the method by samples (interviewees) and the multilateralization of data sources were performed and to calculate the reliability of the performed codlings, retest reliability and intra-subject agreement reliability (agreement between two coder) methods were used. After implementing the content of the interviews and their preliminary analysis, the initial codes or concepts were identified and in order to achieve the main categories, similar codes were placed in a category. Findings showed that the most important factors in human resource development in the Ministry of Sports and Youth include organizational, job and individual factors and also human resource development strategies. Implementing this model can create a systematic structure within the framework of criteria for the staff development of the Sports and Youth Ministry.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for the transition of Iranian Olympic athletes from sports profession to social life. The method of this research was qualitative research with grounded theory approach. Data were collected using interviews and document review. After conducting 19 deep and semi-structured interviews with people with experience and rich experience in the field of Iranian Olympic sports, including managers, coaches, prominent athletes and sports scientists, the main categories were extracted after completing the coding process. Purposive and snowball sampling was done until theoretical saturation. After completing the findings, the background model was designed based on the systematic model of Strauss and Corbin (1994). Data analysis in three steps: open, axial and selective coding was achieved by using MAXQDA software. In the process of open coding, categories including causal factors, contextual factors, interfering factors, actions and strategies and consequences of the main category of research were extracted; Then, in the axial coding stage, the link between these categories under the headings of causal conditions (organizational capabilities of the country's sports, the athlete, information system, the level of support for the athlete, environment), contextual factors , intervening factors (athlete abilities and challenges of championship sport), effective strategies and consequences of applying strategies were determined in the form of coding paradigm; Then, in the selective coding phases, each component of the coding paradigm described, the line depicts, and the theory was created; Finally, the judgment propositions and strategic hypotheses of the research were formulated.

The present study was a meta-analysis with the aim of determining the effect size on the factors affecting the loyalty of fans in Iran’s football clubs.The statistical population included all internal studies conducted in the period of 2009 to 2020. From among the reported studies, 21 cases containing required conditions for entering meta-analysis, were selected by census. For data analysis, SPSS and CMA2 software were performed and the effect size of research was evaluated using r index. The results showed that the combined effect size of the studies in the fixed effects model was 0.352 and in the random effects model was 0.362, which according to Cohen's classification is a moderate effect size.The results of the Cochran test showed the heterogeneity of the studies and the meta-regression results showed that with increasing the year of publication of the research, their effect size increases and the results of Rosenthal's Fail-safe N test, Fannel diagram, width of Egger origin and Begg and Masumdar rank correlation coefficient showed no diffusion bias error.The results showed that love of club brand, team identity, social pride and entertainment, respectively, have the greatest effect among the independent variables on fan loyalty. It is suggested to pay serious attention to the managers' running clubs, developing followers’ centers, facilitating families’ attendance in clubs, and altimately needs assessment from followers. This leads to development and attraction of constant followers in professional league matches and will earn lots of income for the club.

The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of analyzing the interactive relationships of factors affecting the development of coalition building of social movements in sports. The present research is one of the mixed researches which was done in the form of qualitative and quantitative methods and according to its application in organizational environments is one of the applied researches. Fuzzy Delphi method was used in the qualitative part and Demetel method was used in the quantitative part. The method of data collection in the present study was field. The statistical population of the present study included experts aware of the subject. In order to identify these samples, purposive sampling method was used. Finally, 16 people were identified as the research sample. In other words, due to the nature of the quantitative research method (Dimtel approach) that need experts and people aware of the research topic; Therefore, the statistical population of the research was qualitatively and quantitatively the same. The collection tool of the present study in the qualitative section is a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative analysis of the research, Demetel method was used. Because the Demetel method examines the relationships between factors and determines that the effect on one factor causes the effect on other factors, the above method was used to study and analyze the relationships between the effective factors. All research data analysis process was performed in EXEL software.

The present study was conducted to design a paradigm model of a strategic sports leisure program with an emphasis on the Iranian-Islamic model with a combined approach. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was a research method mixed with consecutive exploratory type and survey collection method. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes professors of sports management specializing in leisure and strategic planning and professors of sociology of sports; These individuals were purposefully selected as standard criteria for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (16 interviews with 16 people and continued until theoretical saturation). The statistical population of the quantitative section is the experts of the Sports and Youth Department of Fars Province (80 people). The data collection tool in the present study was a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire extracted from the qualitative section. In order to analyze the data of the present study, coding in the qualitative part and structural equation method in the quantitative part were used. In the qualitative part of the research, it was found that the categories were identified in the form of 16 categories and 62 concept codes, and in the heart of the six dimensions of the paradigm model as causal causes (4 categories), the main category: strategic leisure strategic plan (1 category), strategies (4 categories), contextual conditions (3 categories), intervening conditions (3 categories) and consequences (1 category) were included.

Sports organizations need to use the capacity of the private sector to achieve their goals. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze effective strategic indicators in attracting private sector participation in the development of sport for all. The present study in terms of purpose is applied research qualitative in terms of data collection and descriptive-exploratory research in terms of analysis method. The statistical population included all the scientific and executive experts of sport for all in the country. Sampling was purposefully selected, which interviewed 27 people and led to theoretical saturation. Data was collected using in-depth and exploratory interviews with experts. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis of interviews. Findings showed that the effective strategic indicators in involvement of the private sector in the development of sport for all in the country from the perspective of experts included : administrative and procedural strategies, legal strategies, informational and knowledge strategies, operational and executive strategies, financial strategies, supportive strategies., managerial and planning strategies, supervisory and controlling strategies, economic strategies, and organizational and coordination strategies. The findings of the present study can help the country's sports authorities to attract the participation of the private sector in the development of public sports, it is hoped that it will be considered and used by the authorities.

The aim of the current research is developing and syncing sport-related applications during pandemics, using gamification. The approach of this study focuses on quantitative and qualitative exploratory mix. The data have been collected from experts in both gamification and sports fields. Also, they had sufficient experience in practical advising for sport-related applications development. To sampling for semi-structured interviews, Targeted sampling method with the snowball technique have been used. Besides the documentary study and Delphi method approaches have been applied for data collection. For data presenting, first theoretical studies were analyzed, then data was gathered from semi-structured interviews. During this process, 9 services and 18 options capabilities were detected. Considering the qualitative nature of this study, the data from interviews and valid documents were studied using the content analysis approach. To analyze and prioritize the quantitative data, the Friedman rank test was used. According to results, creating a social atmosphere, Customization, providing challenges for users, and creating groups by users’ leads to a strong motivation for developing the applications with mentioned factors by gamification. Generally, team abilities, cooperation, Customization, challenges social relations are the most important factors in this process.

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the privatization of sports venues and spaces of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization using futures research. The type of research is applied and analytical-exploratory in nature. The statistical population consisted of two parts: executive and theoretical. In the executive part, the managers of Tehran Municipality sports complexes as well as the managers of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization are included. In the theoretical section, sports management professors specializing in sports, privatization and sports economics, in which at least two studies in the form of writing and translating books, published research papers, lectures presented at domestic conferences and Foreign, have done a research project. Using standard purposeful sampling and reaching theoretical saturation, interviews were conducted with 22 people. Then, 14 people from the statistical community of the previous section announced their readiness to perform cross-sectional analysis. To analyze the data, a combination of panel experts and Mikomak cross-effects were used. Findings showed that the most important drivers of privatization of sports facilities in Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, in order of effectiveness, are: more facilities for the contractor, reviewing and creating a framework of rules and regulations for privatization, creating incentives and outsourcing. Sports managers of Tehran Municipality are recommended to use the drivers identified in this study in order to attract contractors, private and public organizations.

The purpose of this study was to predict Iranian sports brands on the horizon of 2031 with an emphasis on organizational and corporate brands. This study was mixed research (a combination of qualitative and quantitative) with a concurrent design. In the qualitative part, the research strategy was environmental scanning and in the quantitative part, future research was the method of interaction analysis. The statistical population of this study was experts and reviewing resources that were purposefully selected. Based on theoretical saturation, 25 sports brand experts including university professors, manufacturers, and brand activists were interviewed. In parallel, 11 documents as secondary sources related to sports brands with prospective content were used. Data collection tools were semistructured interviews and checklists in the qualitative section and questionnaires in the quantitative section. For data analysis in the resource review section, the systematic method, in the interview analysis section, the coding method, and in the future research section, the structural analysis method with the help of MICMAC software were used. The findings showed that the future of Iranian sports brands on the horizon of 2031 is affected by 26 factors, but 5 factors of joint branding, market competition, brand investment, electronic brands, and digital technology are the drivers that shape the future of sports brands.