Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Dec 2023

The current study was undertaken with the aim of formulating a model for the dimensions of succession in primary school principals through the application of structural equation modeling.

The present study utilized a mixed research design, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative phase employed thematic analysis, while the quantitative phase employed survey methodology. The qualitative sample consisted of units of analysis from Nahj al-Balagheh and experts in religious sciences in this particular field. In contrast, the quantitative sample comprised principals from secondary schools in Tehran. Data collection in the qualitative phase was conducted through interviews with experts, while the quantitative phase gathered information through the use of a questionnaire.

The findings revealed the dimensions of succession among school principals as derived from the teachings of Nahj al-Balagheh. These dimensions encompass social capabilities, creative management, specialized capabilities, managerial capabilities, effective management within a meritocratic system, personality traits, and motivation. Furthermore, the model derived from the qualitative data was subjected to testing through structural equation modeling, demonstrating a favorable fit with the data.

The findings of this study offer valuable insights to senior education managers in the selection process for primary school principals, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of management skills among this group.

The primary objective of this study was to develop and validate a training package based on Sternberg's theory of successful intelligence and examine its impact on the self-regulation and academic resilience in high school students.

This research was conducted as an applied study, employing a semi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest design that included a control group. The research targeted eleventh-grade female students in Zahedan, Iran, during the year 2022. The sample size for the study consisted of 60 participants. Following the pretest, 30 students from the experimental group underwent a series of 10 training sessions focused on the components of successful intelligence. The research tools utilized for data collection encompassed self-regulation academic questionnaire and academic resilience scale.

The results of data analysis, employing covariance analysis, demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the experimental group and the control group in terms of both self-regulation and academic resilience.

Consequently, educators have the opportunity to incorporate Sternberg's successful intelligence theory as an effective pedagogical approach to enhance students' self-regulation and academic resilience within their educational framework.

The objective of this study was to investigate the concept of self-actualization in resilience by utilizing the teachings of Imam Ali (AS) in order to fulfill educational obligations within the education system.

This inquiry falls within the realm of qualitative research, employing the thematic analysis approach. The research scope encompassed texts pertaining to the teachings of Imam Ali (AS) and the tools employed for data collection. The qualitative level of data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis and text coding. After comparing the codes based on their similarities and differences, they were categorized into a comprehensive theme and three organizing themes. To ensure the content's validity, comprehensive, organizing, and basic content were presented to three experts in the religious field and subsequently endorsed.

The findings revealed that the fundamental themes for self-actualization comprise tolerance, humility, kindness, self-cultivation, self-improvement, and abstaining from self-praise. Furthermore, the educational obligations for resilience in self-actualization encompass tolerance, humility, kindness, self-cultivation, and self-improvement.

In general, the research's conclusion underscores that the utilization of this study aids the education system in fostering individuals with elevated resilience.

The topic of universal and complimentary education within the educational framework of Iran is among the paramount objectives of the constitution. In accordance with Article 30 of the Constitution, it is stipulated that "the government is under obligation to furnish free educational provisions for the entirety of the nation until the completion of secondary education, as well as to expand the provisions for higher education without cost, up to the extent of the country's self-sufficiency." Usually, it is incumbent upon governments to establish an equitable educational system within the nation. The rationale behind entrusting education to the government is that while education is costly, it is not a profitable venture and should not be a means of generating income. Therefore, governments are compelled to assume responsibility for the educational framework.

The objective of this article, utilizing an analytical and descriptive approach, is to investigate the legal status of justice and the prohibition of discrimination in education.

The outcome of this research reveals that despite the inclusion of the prohibition of discrimination within the universality of education in the constitution, the right to universal education has not been upheld within the education system and higher education institutions, and the law enforcement authorities have not given it due attention.

The findings of this study can offer valuable insights to education administrators in order to reform educational policies.

The aim of the present investigation was to draw a comparison between the efficacy of story therapy and music therapy in alleviating anxiety among primary school students in the city of Ilam.

The present study employed a semi-experimental approach, utilizing a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The target population for this research consisted of second-year students attending elementary schools in Ilam in the year 2022. The sample size comprised 63 individuals, selected through accessible sampling, and were randomly assigned to three groups (21 students per group, with two experimental groups and one control group). The anxiety questionnaire developed by Najarian et al. (2014) was utilized as the research instrument. The experimental groups underwent eight sessions of story therapy training and twelve sessions of music therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (p < 0.05) with the assistance of SPSS software.

The findings revealed that both story therapy and music therapy were effective in reducing students' anxiety. Also, according to the findings, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two interventions on reducing anxiety.

Consequently, these findings hold valuable implications for educators, child psychologists, and families.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between organizational spirituality, organizational commitment, and organizational ethics among male elementary school managers in Qom city in 2022.

This study is applied in terms of its objective and correlational in terms of the method used. The statistical population of the research includes all male managers at the elementary level in Qom city, totaling 360 individuals. Using multi-stage sampling, a sample of 81 individuals was selected. They were evaluated using Milliman et al.'s (2003) Organizational Spirituality Questionnaire, Allen and Meyer's Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, and Hunt et al.'s Organizational Ethics Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods (multiple regression) were employed for data analysis.

The results indicate a significant positive relationship between organizational spirituality, organizational commitment, and organizational ethics among the managers. Moreover, each dimension of organizational spirituality has a positive and significant relationship with organizational commitment and organizational ethics.

Confirming the relationship between organizational spirituality, organizational commitment, and organizational ethics suggests that managers' attitudes towards spirituality can help improve employees' commitment and ethical conduct, consequently leading to overall organizational performance enhancement. Therefore, serious attention should be paid to the concept of organizational spirituality, and efforts should be made to enhance it.

This study aimed to clarify the construct through its conceptualization and analysis based on qualitative study and validity test of heuristic definition in the form of a guide sentence.

The method of content analysis and data analysis with the Colaizzi approach and the Facet Theory approach based on the SSAF of the 3D symmetric rank scaling model were used. The statistical population includes students and graduates of 6 provinces from the three northern, middle, and southern regions of the country, and the sample includes 636 people (n=36), which was conducted through a multi-stage cluster random sampling method.

The results led to the discovery of the true meaning of educational courage, including the five facets: purpose, action domain (covert action and overt action), repetition, and authenticity of the response. According to this heuristic definition, authentic educational courage can be defined as learner-optimal behavior- due to personality capacity- in confronting traumatic educational challenges (Perceived) to achieve a transcendent purpose (mastery learning).

The results of the research showed that authentic educational courage could be considered the best form of moral behavior in education and one of the important indicators of evaluating the quality of learners' performance based on their personality capacity when facing traumatic challenges.

This descriptive-correlational study aimed to predict students' coronavirus anxiety and health-oriented behaviors (observance of health protocols) based on the components of psychological capital.

The statistical population included university students coming from two public universities in south of Iran, 154 of whom were recruited as the sample of the study. The data gathering procedure was done through Google forms, the links of which were shared with the participants through WhatsApp. Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and Luthans’s (2017) Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used as the main instruments and the collected data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation, simple, and multiple regression analysis.

It was found that the higher the amount of psychological capital and its components in individuals, the more health-oriented behaviors (adherence to health protocols) and the less coronavirus anxiety in students. The obtained results also showed that students’ health-oriented behaviors (wearing masks, hygienic hand disinfection, and social distancing practices) were strongly correlated with psychological capital and its components as well as their perceived coronavirus anxiety.

According to the results of this study, it is recommended to hold training courses to promote psychological capital to increase health-oriented behaviors and reduce anxiety induced by such pandemics.

Metadiscourse assists the writer to get the reader to better understand and perceive the text. The aim of this study was to investigate the way interpersonal metadiscourse markers were applied within persuasive essays written by Iranian EFL students.

The participants (N=50) were asked to write an essay in which to persuade city dwellers to leave the city and start a new life in a rural area. Interpersonal metadiscourse markers, such as hedges, boosters, attitude markers, engagement markers, and self-mentions, were traced and analyzed.

The occurrences were observed in their textual context to facilitate the identification of their function. The results indicated an unbalanced presence of metadiscourse markers in the essays written by Iranian EFL learners in favor of directives as a realization of boosters.

It was inferred that metadiscursive markers might be configured based on cultural norms in the students’ native culture. It is suggested to teach EFL students to apply modal verbs to adjust the weight of imposition of boosters.

The aim of this research is to identify the components and dimensions of social entrepreneurship with a focus on social responsibility.

The current research is a qualitative study. The target population consists of a group of experts or a Delphi panel (25 individuals). Considering the lack of previous patterns or models in the development of social entrepreneurship with a focus on social responsibility, the researcher focused on identifying the components and dimensions of social entrepreneurship with a focus on social responsibility. In this study, using a qualitative approach and the Delphi method and interviews, the components and dimensions of social entrepreneurship and social responsibility were identified.

The research results showed that social entrepreneurship has three dimensions (individual, organizational, and institutional) and twenty-four components. The organizational dimension has the highest priority with a factor loading of 0.933, while the institutional dimension has the lowest priority with a factor loading of 0.587. Social responsibility has three dimensions (ethical, economic, and legal) and twenty-five components. The ethical dimension has the highest priority with a factor loading of 0.932, followed by the economic dimension with a factor loading of 0.915, and the legal dimension with a factor loading of 0.670 is the lowest priority.

The results can be employed in the formulation of policies and the development of strategies to enhance the sense of social responsibility and the involvement of workers in the pursuit of societal betterment and the fostering of entrepreneurial spirit.

Development of a healthy identity can significantly affect the formation of other traits, including self-esteem and body image, in individuals. The aim of the study was to develop a sexual education program and evaluate its impact on the self-esteem of elementary school children.

It was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, which included a control group. The statistical population consisted of all elementary school girls in Shiraz (Iran) in 2021, and the sampling method was random from the girls' elementary schools in Shiraz. The participants were 30 female students who were randomly  assigned to two groups, experimental and control, each with 15 individuals. The Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) was used to measure self-esteem.

The multivariate covariance analysis indicated that the F-statistic for personal and social self-esteem variables was significant (p < 0.001), but not for the family self-esteem variable.

Therefore, implementing the sexual education program for elementary school children has a positive and significant effect on personal and social self-esteem.

The purpose of the present study was to design the model of knowledge management in universities (Qom province universities).

The research method is based on the purposive is fundamental and based on the method is qualitative. The statistical population of the research was experts in the field of knowledge management in universities. The sampling method in the present study was a purposive sampling method. In this research, exploratory and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. After 15 interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved; hence the selected sample was equal to 15 people. The data analysis method was theoretical coding derived from grounded theory method.

The findings showed that 14 main categories and related concepts of these categories were identified in open coding. Also, in the stage of central and selective coding of categories, refinement and knowledge management model were presented in universities. In the presented model, the causal conditions included knowledge-oriented organizational culture, strategic planning of knowledge management, information technology infrastructure and knowledge manpower. The context included the categories of organizational structure and individual characteristics of employees and professors and intervening conditions including weakness in knowledge management rules and lack of motivation of employees and professors.

The action/interaction strategies in the designed model include knowledge identification and goal-setting, knowledge team building in the university and knowledge-oriented human resource management and the consequences in the knowledge-oriented university, improving university performance and improving individual performance

The current study aimed to investigate the current status with optimal situation of educational and cultural services provided for families covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee.

According to the purpose, this research is an applied study and in term of method is comparative descriptive research. The strategy used for the qualitative part of the foundation data theory (grounded theory) and classification of information collected from research experts.

The results revealed that the model of excellence in the quality of educational-cultural services provided for families covered by the Imam Khomeini (RA) Relief Committee has the main categories of executive policies, executive solutions, management departments, supervisory and control activities, educational and cultural quality improvement, factors that was related to employees, equipment and educational environment and educational and cultural processes. Based on structural-interpretive modeling calculations, it has been determined that "Equipment and educational environment and staff-related factors" is considered as an independent variable that no variable in the model has an effect on.

The variables of factors related to employees are endogenous independent variables and the variables of “educational and cultural quality improvement” are dependent variables. Also, the "executive policies and strategies" play a mediating role.

The purpose of this study was to test the model of the causal relationship between gratitude skills and academic resilience with mental health with the mediation of the school bonding in the female students of the high schools in Hamedan city in the academic year of 2022-2023.

For this purpose, 383 students were randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and completed the research tools including mental health questionnaire, gratitude questionnaire, academic resilience questionnaire and school bonding scale. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression) were used with SPSS software.

The results obtained by using path analysis showed that the indirect effect of gratitude skill on mental health through school bonding is significant also the indirect effect of resilience on mental health through school bonding is also significant. The effect of gratitude skill on school bonding is positive and significant and it is not significant on mental health. Also, the skill of gratitude has a positive and meaningful relationship with the school bonding and a negative and meaningful relationship with mental health. Academic resilience has a positive relationship with the school bonding and a negative and significant relationship with mental health.

The role of gratitude skills and academic resilience has been found to have an impact on the mental well-being of high school students in general.

This research was conducted to develop a marital attachment needs scale based on a mixed method research.

In the first phase, attachment interviews were conducted with 35 married people (18 male and 17 female). Based on this step, the first version of the Marital Attachment Needs Scale (MANS) was developed with 12 items. To develop the first version of the MANS, these 12 items are designed on a 5-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. In the second phase of the research, 140 married people (62 female and 78) male completed the initial form of the Marital Attachment Needs Scale. In addition to the marital attachment needs scale, to examine the convergent and divergent validity psychometric indexes, the marital conflicts scale (MCS) and the short form of the experienced close relationship scale (ECR-S) were used.

Factor analysis showed a G-factor with an eigenvalue of 6.26 and a variance percentage of 52.19. The alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient for MANS were 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. Also, the results showed efficient convergent and divergent validity for the marital attachment needs scale. To check the G-factor hypothesis, confirmatory factor analysis (ML) was used. The results of the ML confirmatory factor analysis confirm the extracted G-factor in PC exploratory factor analysis for the MANS. 

Overall, the results of this research indicated the adequacy of the psychometric properties of the marital attachment needs scale for clinical and research jobs.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral couple therapy and Gottman couple therapy on marital satisfaction and problem solving styles of couples.

The statistical population is all the referrals to the counseling and psychological services center in Mohr and Lamard cities in Fars province, Iran. Participants were 45 people that randomly selected and randomly assigned to cognitive-behavioral couple therapy group (15 people), Gottman couple therapy group (15 people) and control group (15 people). The ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) Scale was used to measure marital satisfaction and Cassidy and Long (1996) Problem-solving style questionnaire was used to measure problem solving styles. In order to analyze data, the mean and standard deviation were calculated in the descriptive statistics part and multivariate covariance analysis method was used in the inferential statistics part.

According to the results, cognitive behavioral couple therapy had a significant effect on marital satisfaction and problem solving styles. Also, results indicated that Gottman couple therapy had a significant effect on marital satisfaction and problem solving styles.

According to the results there is a significant difference between two interventions in problem solving styles but there is no significant difference between two approaches.

Moral Intelligence encompasses the capacity to discern between what is morally right and wrong, possess firm moral convictions, and actively apply these principles in one's actions. It is imperative to recognize that moral values are not hereditary, but rather acquired through learning. Consequently, the aim of this investigation is to assess the Elementary School Heavenly Gifts books in light of Borba's perspective on the various facets of Moral Intelligence.

The approach employed in this descriptive study is content analysis, which involves scrutinizing the information contained within five volumes of Elementary school textbooks from the academic year 2020-2021, employing a content analysis checklist tool in accordance with the Components of Moral Intelligence. Subsequently, the desired Components were identified as criteria for analysis, and the content of the book was examined utilizing William Rumi's technique.

The findings indicate that the level of attention devoted to the Components of Moral Intelligence in the content of the Elementary School Heavenly Gifts books is moderately effective, necessitating the need for editorial revisions to enhance the focus on Moral Intelligence and its various Components. Notably, the third Grade Heavenly Gifts book demonstrates the lowest level of involvement (ISE = 0.67), while the sixth heaven Heavenly Gifts book exhibits the highest level of involvement (ISE = 0.83). Additionally, the results of the Chi-square test (Sig: 0.001, Chi-Square: 21.636) demonstrate a significant difference between the Components of Moral Intelligence at a 0.001 level of significance.

According to the results there is a significant difference between two interventions Therefore, the Component of Kindness holds the highest frequency at 8.50%, whereas the Component of Fairness possesses the lowest frequency at 4.78% among the Components of Moral Intelligence.

The death of a child is undoubtedly the most arduous encounter for a mother in her lifetime, and it elicits numerous psychological detriments. Specifically, the death of a child resulting from cancer carries its own set of challenges. Analyzing the lived experience of these mothers can serve as a means to identify and comprehend their grief, thus becoming the foundation for efficacious interventions. Consequently, the objective of the present investigation was to scrutinize the lived experiences of grieving mothers whose children had succumbed to cancer.

The current research was conducted utilizing a qualitative and phenomenological approach. The sampling technique employed was purposive, encompassing a maximum variation sampling. The study included a total of 13 bereaved mothers residing in Yazd city, who had lost their children to cancer. The methodology employed for data collection involved semi-structured interviews.

Subsequent to conducting the interviews and documenting them, each recorded session was transcribed and examined utilizing Colaizzi's method. This process yielded six primary themes and twenty-four secondary themes through the analysis of the data. The primary themes comprised emotional experience, physical experience, cognitive experience, challenging experience, the meaning of life, and avoidance.

These findings demonstrate the nature of the grief experienced by mothers, and these themes have the potential to facilitate effective interventions aimed at mitigating the symptoms of grief.

Evolutionary psychology posits that humans tend to naturally choose mates based on traits that signal reproductive fitness. Nevertheless, contemporary Iranian society is witnessing a trend towards delayed marriage and a growing individuals' inclination towards singleness. This research aimed to explore this phenomenon by conducting a structural equation model focusing on singleness in Iran, particularly seeking to comprehensively understand the sociological factors influencing the decision of young adults aged 25 to 40 in Tehran to remain single.

To explore this subject comprehensively, a mixed research approach, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative methods, was employed. In the qualitative phase, an extensive review of published articles in the relevant field was conducted. Additionally, a subset of the sample population, consisting of 384 individuals, was analyzed using Cochran's sampling method to validate the qualitative findings. The research outcomes, derived from both the quantitative and qualitative dimensions, illuminated a multitude of factors influencing the inclination of Iranian youth toward singleness.

These findings, obtained through thorough analysis, underscored the significant impact of various factors, including social, economic, political, and cultural influences, as well as the personal characteristics of unmarried individuals and their level of education.

These factors collectively contribute to the prevalence of singleness.

The researches focused on exploring the relationship between personality and its influence on psychological disorders, revealing that diverse personality traits are linked to various types of psychological disturbances, with perfectionism being one of these personality traits. Consequently, the primary objective of this research was to investigate the structural model of adolescent narcissism, using perfectionism as a predictor, and considering the mediating role of alexithymia.

The research approach adopted was descriptive, correlational, and specifically focused on structural equation modeling. The research sample encompassed all high school students within the city of Shiraz, Iran, during the year 2021. A total of 512 students were included in the study, selected through a multi-stage cluster random sampling procedure, and they provided responses to questionnaires measuring narcissism, alexithymia, and perfectionism.

The findings of the study revealed significant and positive associations between perfectionism and alexithymia with narcissism. Moreover, perfectionism was found to be positively and significantly associated with alexithymia. In summary, perfectionism can be seen as an indirect and significant predictor of narcissism, mediated through alexithymia. Ultimately, these research outcomes underscore the substantial role of perfectionism in predicting narcissistic tendencies among adolescents, both directly and indirectly through the lens of alexithymia.

These insights can serve as a valuable resource for psychologists and counselors working with adolescents.