نشریه دانش شهرسازی
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 25، زمستان 1402)

In current societies, the speed of changes increases over time making new neighborhoods more similar to each other. One of the reasons for this is the lack of attention to the concept of time and its influence on space. In the past, time was intertwined with place and had a significant impact on shaping the unique identity of neighborhoods. Under the influence of globalization, time has become so compressed that its ability to create identity has diminished. The problem is how to recognize the temporal components in public spaces of neighborhoods To recognize and evaluate the temporal components of urban public spaces, aligned with the temporal context of neighborhoods, and provide strategies and planning solutions for temporal planning to improve the quality of urban public spaces in neighborhoods is the main objective of this research. Two neighborhoods, one traditional (Saghresazan) and one modern (Golsar) in the city of Rasht, were selected as samples, and the temporal indicators were analyzed using an analytical-exploratory research method. Initially, information was gathered through document and library studies, observations, expert interviews, sampling, and questionnaires (simple random sampling with a sample size of 380 determined by Cochran's test). The data were summarized using a five-point Likert scale and then analyzed and evaluated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its combination with the SWOT matrix. Temporal components (year, season, month, day, and hour), alongside with conventional influential components in space (physical, functional, cultural and social, communicative, visual, and perceptual) have impacts on the functioning of urban public spaces in neighborhoods. The manifestation of temporal components in old and new neighborhoods is different, and its components in each neighborhood is aligned with its temporal context and differs from other neighborhoods, and managing temporal structures has an impact on improving the quality of neighborhood public spaces. The results of this research indicate that each neighborhood has its own specific times and it is necessary to consider its specific temporal framework for future planning to enhance the quality of public spaces in the targeted neighborhoods.

Temperature changes in Iran and the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases in the cities and, as a result, the high emission of CO2 as a greenhouse gas will intensify the existing natural hazards such as water shortage and desertification, although these threats are still felt today, but it will be dangerous in the future, so it depends on taking precautionary measures to deal with this situation.

The main goal of the current research is to evaluate and feasibility of realizing the low-carbon city approach in Urmia city.

The research method is descriptive-analytical research. After extracting the indicators from the factor analysis method, the most important criteria and indicators of the low-carbon city were ranked, and then SPSS software was used to level the criteria. The information is also extracted by using library studies and by studying specialized resources, concepts related to global warming and the low carbon city and after knowing and evaluating the desired research with The use of documents, questionnaires, field observations and interviews with relevant experts and organizations, the city of Urmia has been evaluated for the realization and feasibility of a low-carbon city.

The results of examining the current situation showed that among the components of the low carbon city, the urban form component had the most inappropriate situation. Among the determining factors in the realization of a low-carbon city, the factor of transportation was the most important factor identified by experts, which is about 33% effective in the realization of a low-carbon city.

This factor shows that by improving the urban network, developing sidewalks, removing parking lots and promoting the use of clean and low-energy vehicles, it is possible to approach the standards of the low-carbon city and reduce the harmful effects of greenhouse gases. Finally, it is concluded that in order to improve the unfavorable situation of Urmia city, the factors identified in achieving a low carbon city should be considered by the planners, officials, architects and urban planners. At least it came close to the low carbon city realization standards.

problem statement: 

Fragile city is actually a new concept and describes cities that do not have the necessary ability to manage the city and provide services to citizens. The concept of "fragile city" has emerged as a new analytical framework to describe emergency situations in the new era, and this new concept is a tool for understanding inequalities and conflicts in urban environments. In fact, a city is considered "fragile" or "failed" when it is not successful in performing its main functions and duties and is highly vulnerable in political, economic, environmental and social fields. The quick return to the conditions before fragility has been called "resilience" and resilience considers its main mission to reduce the "fragility of the city" and "to be able to return as soon as possible and with minimum disturbance and maintain competence".Target:The current research was conducted with the aim of conceptualizing the fragile city and determining all its indicators.

Documentary research method is using interpretative approach and systematic method, and the statistical population of research articles published about Fragile City in scientific journals in the period from 2010 to 2022 is 143 articles based on the title and content analysis of the articles. 641 articles were selected and the data was coded based on the strategy of content analysis using Max Kyuda software and based on the "two coder" index to evaluate the reliability and quality control of the findings with 0.94 excellent agreement between the two evaluators. became

Based on the reviewed articles, along with the full definition of the fragile city, the dimensions of urban fragility including economic, social, political and environmental and their indicators were determined.

Considering the definition of fragility and its dimensions, the present research can provide an opportunity to identify the causes of fragility in cities and provide solutions to solve it.

By combining knowledge (citizens) and smart technology, cities can transform into places that offer better services, preserve the environment, promote economic growth, and enhance the social and cultural capabilities of the community.

This paper aims to compare and analyze variables, scales, and approaches used in studies related to smart cities and knowledge societies (72 articles).

The research method used in this study is the "meta-analysis" method, which is employed to examine the factors influencing the creation of smart cities with an emphasis on knowledge societies.

The results indicate that the theoretical framework and analysis of smart knowledge are multidimensional concepts that draw upon various theoretical foundations from the fields of smart cities, knowledge-based cities, knowledge societies, information society, learning cities, and knowledge places. The analysis of articles published between 2000 and 2023 in this field shows that the studies mainly focus on five components related to "smart cities with an emphasis on knowledge societies": governance, economy, environment, culture, and technology.

From the comprehensive evaluation of research findings, it can be inferred that not only is the understanding of the concept of smart knowledge cities insufficient in domestic research, but also due to superficial studies and an inadequate understanding of fundamental concepts of knowledge societies, there is a need for deeper studies in this field. Finally, a theoretical framework for smart cities with an emphasis on knowledge societies is derived from this comprehensive review.

In today’s world where the indigenous architecture has faded and the urban fabrics have taken a different modern form, the subject of livability focuses on quality of life, sustainability, quality of place and healthy community.

The purpose of this study is to identify the components and achieve solutions to improve the livability with respect to the structural elements of indigenous housing.This article examines the native buildings of Amlash city, as valuable examples in Guilan province. The research question is:What effect do the indigenous housing elements have on livability? What features can enhance the livability of contemporary housing?

The native architecture Amlash city has been studied and its impact on livability with descriptive-analytical method. The content framework of the research is based on Rapaport's views on the influence of the architectural form of culture.

In the studies, the objective and subjective characteristics of livability have been discussed.Findings show that the livability of indigenous housing is affected by elements and spaces of this architecture,which is evident in case studies.According to the results of this study, we can point to the characteristics of livability observed in the architecture of houses in Amlash, including the compatibility of the physical structure of the house with the surrounding environment, providing comfort and convenience, sense of place and identity, residents' satisfaction, and quality of life that generally emphasizes on the mental characteristics.

According to the results of this study, the qualitative characteristics of the livability of indigenous housing have been proposed for contemporary housing by providing some measures to achieve appropriate quality.Highlight: Vitality in addressing the challenges facing citizens means a prosperous, vibrant and responsive future that provides the right quality of life.This requires the achievement of three goals: vibrant communities, a dynamic economy, and a sustainable environment

The growth of urbanization and the globalization of the network of cities has made economic competition for promoting competitiveness between cities, to become inevitable. When urban competitiveness is identified mainly with economic components, it leads to a limited understanding of urban competitiveness, which has negative consequences for policy-making because the rapid development of the urban economy is accompanied by increasing social and environmental problems in cities. In addition, given that globalization has provided a platform for the analysis of urban competitiveness, ignoring it will incomplete subsequent analyzes of urban competitiveness. Therefore, in this study, a sustainable development perspective that includes the economic, social and physical dimensions of urban competitiveness is considered. The purpose of this study is to compare the sustainable urban development indexes of four metropolises (Tabriz, Mashhad, Isfahan and Shiraz). Thirty-three different economic, social and physical indicators have been used to measure sustainability with the competitiveness approach. At first, the indicators were entered into the GIS and compared with each other in a basic information method. Then, using AHP model, each component was weighted and using Vikor model, four metropolises were ranked in terms of sustainable development. And at the end, MicMac software is used to extract the matrix of effective indicators on each other by direct and indirect methods of effective and key drivers such as: population growth rate in future, family dimension, number of immigrants, youth population, population density, the Increasing activity rate, the increasing literacy rate among men and women, the reducing unemployment rate and reducing unemployment rate among educated people, as well as the reducing percentage of emigrants were selected as factors and drivers for sustainable development. Findings show that Mashhad metropolis with an index of 0.00 in the first rank and Tabriz metropolis with an index of 0.989 in the fourth rank and Isfahan and Shiraz metropolis with an index of 0.133 and 0.989 are in the third and fourth ranks, respectively.