نشریه فضای شهری و حیات اجتماعی
پیاپی 1 (تابستان 1401)

Along with the growth of urbanization, the policy of mass housing production and the construction of residential complexes in the form of short and high-rise models was implemented in Tabriz as one of the ways to respond to housing needs at different times, similar to other parts of the country.But the architecture of residential complexes is one of the most important issues in urban planning. Because its different formations are a reflection and result of different conditions. From the perspective of urban planning, knowing these factors and their role is very important. Not only it is one of the study priorities in the field of urban planning, but also it is effective in making the right policy for the development of desirable and sustainable cities. In this article, various factors were determined, then urban planners, city planners and architectural experts were asked to determine the importance of each of the mentioned factors in the formation of the architectural dimensions of residential complexes. Then, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the role of the main factors in the design of the plan, facade, structures and materials, location, form and direction of residential complexes in Tabriz is ranked. The results show that economic, political and social factors are far more effective than urban planning, environmental and cultural considerations in the architecture and construction of residential complexes And to some extent, other aspects of housing have been neglected. So that economic considerations have the most weight. Therefore, it is necessary to provide suitable solutions and processes for planning, designing and building models of residential complexes So that managers and urban planners consider social, cultural values and government regulations and formulated policies in the first priorities And residential buildings should be built in order to meet the requirements and pay attention to sustainability factors

Today, informal settlements and the lack of security of occupation in them has attracted the attention of many researchers , so much so that the Human Housing Organization has mentioned the insecurity of occupation as an indicator of deprivation in informal settlements. Occupation security is one of the most important issues facing informal settlements.The subject of this research (or study) is the analysis of the role of the security of occupation in the physical quality of housing in Yousef- Abad neighborhood, one of the informal housing centers of Tabriz metropolis, which is located within the area of Tabriz Region 1. The aim of this study is to investigate the level of perceptual occupancy security and the relationship between the perceptual occupancy security and the physical quality of housing in the studied area. The research method used in this research is of descriptive and correlation type, and it uses the survey method and a questionnaire tool, and SPSS. 25 software is used for data analysis. The statistical population in this study is the residents of Yousefabad informal settlement neighborhood. The probabilistic sampling method is simple and "Charles Cochran's" formula has been used to calculate the sample size And the sample size according to Cochran's formula is 373. The results show that the level of the perceptual occupancy security is very low in this district, and the Index of evacuation to any time is one of the main factors in reducing the security of perceptual occupation in Yousef- Abad neighborhood. and these is not a positive and meaningful relationship between the perceptual occupancy security and physical quality of housing.

The aim of this research is to investigate the macroeconomic variables effect on housing prices and rents. The data are collected from reports and documents. Data is quarterly and is from 2008 to 2019. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model was used to analyze the data and the augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF) was used to examine the unit root of the variables. Results show that predictor variables have a significant explanatory effect on the behavior of the dependent variable. Thus, for the housing price, the regression equation was significant with an R squared of 0.98 and an adjusted R squared of 0.975. Accordingly, this model predicts 97.5% of the variance in the housing price. Also, for the rental price, the regression equation was significant with an R squared of 0.986 and an adjusted R squared of 0.982. Accordingly, this model predicts 98.2% of the variance in the rental price. In housing prices, "informal exchange rate", "inflation rate" and "liquidity rate" have a direct and positive correlation with housing prices. "Unemployment rate", "coin price" and "bank interest rate" are also directly and negatively correlated. Also, the effect of the "consumer price index", "official exchange rate", "number of residential units built" and "Volume of the stock market" is not significant. In housing rent, the "informal exchange rate" and "inflation rate" have a direct and positive correlation with housing rent. "coin price", "bank interest rate", and"Unemployment rate" are also directly and negatively correlated. Also, the effect of the "consumer price index", "official exchange rate", "number of residential units built", "liquidity rate", and "Volume of the stock market" is not significant.

Dilapidated tissues of urban areas are more vulnerable than other urban areas because of its high number of inhabitants, inadequate municipal sewage and waste disposal system, poor communication and accessibility, very little infrastructure and services, and the existence of Insecurity in some of these areas is undeniable due to the formation of poverty ghettos, assessing and analyzing the quality of life in these areas. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to assess the satisfaction of residents of worn-out areas of Gorgan with quality of life indicators. For this research, descriptive-analytical and survey methods have been used. Also, the statistical population of the study is the residents of worn-out tissues of Gorgan. Using Cochran's method, 480 samples were selected and a questionnaire was randomly distributed among them. For correct judgment, 22 indicators in three dimensions of physical - environmental, socio-economic and functional - structural have been used and the components have been analyzed using SPSS software. The findings of the questionnaire show that the level of satisfaction of the residents of these tissues is moderate.

In recent years, communities around the world have experienced major urban fires and hundreds have lost their lives. It must be acknowledged that a percentage of crises are always an integral and natural part of systems life, however, a large part of the threats, crises and inflammations are imposed and must be anticipated and prevented before they occur with proper management and application of passive defense. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to Measure and model the spatial vulnerability of Urmia to fire with a passive defense approach, so that the type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive- analytical and data collection has been done through library, field and questionnaire studies. To achieve the purpose of the research, 14 indicators have been selected based on the opinions of the elites and information layers have been formed for them in GIS software. BWM multi-criteria decision making method was used to calculate the weight of the indicators and the results were analyzed in GAMS software. Finally, the weight obtained from the BWM method is multiplied and combined in 14 standardized indicators with fuzzy functions. The results show that 12% are in very low vulnerability zone, 31% are in low vulnerability zone, 14% are in medium vulnerability zone, 29% are in high vulnerability zone and 14% are in very high vulnerability zone. To analyze the spatial autocorrelation of vulnerable zones, Moran statistic has been used and in order to model the spatial vulnerability of Urmia city against fire, cold and hot spot analysis has been used.

Energy consumption in buildings has always been a topic of concern for people and all institutions in the world. The need to pay attention to this issue is due to high energy consumption and significant energy losses in them. The purpose of this study is to calculate the energy consumption of a The educational building and obtaining the amount of energy losses and finally providing a solution to improve energy consumption and reduce it. In line with this purpose, energy audits are used. Finally, suggestions for reducing energy consumption are presented according to the points where losses occur. To build the building, Design Builder software is used and for its energy audit calculations, the relationships between the energy consumption guidelines and the energy label of the National Standards Organization are used. Most of the losses occur from doors, windows and thermal bridges, and by defining three scenarios and implementing them in the building, energy consumption is improved and losses are reduced. Finally, it can be seen that the loss rate is reduced by about 40% and the comfort temperature of the building changes to 20 ° C.